Suchergebnisse

The results of the UK referendum in favour of leaving the European Union (EU) clearly put into question the European economic and political project as well as its institutional structure. This article argues that the Brexit may be a momentum to reform the institutional structure and procedural rules through which tax policy is made at the EU level. The UK referendum is indeed unlikely to further slow down the EU harmonization process in tax matters, which has always followed a tortuous path. Instead, the Brexit may give momentum to reform major weaknesses of the EU institutional and decision-making process in tax matters, in particular the unanimity rule and the role of the European Parliament. Finally, with regard to taxation specifically, the establishment of an EU tax, providing the EU with sufficient genuine own resource, could also reinforce EU's legitimacy by countering the criticisms related to Member States' contribution to the European budget.

A soft Brexit scenario will include an implementation period from the day the UK formally leaves the EU to 31 December 2020. During the implementation period, the UK will continue to be functionally treated as an EU member state and remain a party to EU international agreement. Associated with the ASEAN single market, should be considered the readiness of Indonesian regulations and legislations that in sectorial concerns at least three aforementioned legal instruments to be harmonized with the laws of the ASEAN countries. Important findings were shown by the research from the perspectives of business law, especially, capital investment law, intellectual property and international trade law that Brexit has significant impact for the EU itself, Indonesia and also AEC.

This study addresses the two-fold question of whether the integration-liberalization process of ASEAN is headed towards the creation of a single production base region, and how ASEAN links with other trade blocks. It looks into the degree of intra-ASEAN and extra-ASEAN vertical integration vis-à-vis North America, East Asia, and the European Union through the measurement of value-added creation-absorption in global value chains (GVC) and by locating ASEAN within vertical structures. The study employs an international input-output database and breaks up gross exports into different components of value-added using data from 1997, 2004, and 2012. ASEAN has made significant gains in integrating with East Asia. However, ASEAN as a single production region has gained little, and even lost share in value-added trade with NAFTA and Europe. The truth is that ASEAN has a stronger role across the GVC as a supplier of intermediate goods (33%) than as a supplier of final goods (30%). Vertical structures represent more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it still depends on foreign parts and components (35%) to produce its exports. It may be argued that ASEAN + 6, which entails a wider scope of integration, might offer larger benefits to the ASEAN project.

This paper examines the recruitment and retention activities implemented by worker unionsin companies. With the purpose of revealing the process of recruitment and retention of members, qualitative method with case study approach was employed to the Pengurus Unit Kerja (PUK) under Federasi Serikat Pekerja Tekstil, Sandang, Kulit Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia (FSP TSK SPSI) in Surabaya.This paper reveals practices of recruitment and retention done by leader of PUKs and employers' attitude perceived by the leader of PUKs and other affecting factor of PUKs relevant to recruitment and retention activities. This paper benefits for the other subsequent relevant researches as diverse findings concerning methods, environment, and resulting in recruiting and retenting done by leaders of PUKs. This will also help union leaders, employer, employee relations researchers, and government in doing their activities pertinent to the relevant roles and duties. Moreover, the implementation of recruitment and retention process in PUKs is valuable for the development of the discipline of human resource management.

This study is a survey on Credit Union (CU) Cikal Mas Purwokerto and BaitutTamwil Muhammadiyah (BTM) Dana Mentari Patikraja members in Banyumas. Theaims of this study are to determine: (1) The differences of financial literacy levels between CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto and BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members at thethree aspects i.e. behaviors, knowledge and attitudes, (2) The level of sharia aspectsknowledge of BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members, (3) The implementation of interest system of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto, and (4) The implementation of profit sharingsystem of BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja.The population in this study are individuals in Banyumas who grouped into twogroups, i.e. the members of Credit Union Cikal Mas Purwokerto and the members ofBaitut TamwilMuhammadiyah Dana Mentari Patikraja. There were 60 respondentstaken in this study which consisted of 30 respondents for each group. Based on the research and analysis of data using different test Mann Whitney U showed that: (1)Thereare differences between the financial literacy levels of CU Cikal Mas Purwokertomembers and BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members viewed from three aspects: behaviors, knowledge and attitudes,(2) The level of sharia aspects knowledge of BTMDana Mentari Patikraja members are relatively low, (3) The implementation of interest system in CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto as according to the theory that the loan interest relatively smaller than the saving interest, it known based on interview with managers of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto, and (4) The implementation of profit sharing system in BTM Dana Mentari Patikrajaas according to the theory used by Islamic financial institutions that profit sharing agreement to both parties when the contract is underway.

Cakrawala : Jurnal Penelitian Sosial. Vol. III No. 2 Nopember 2014, p. 249-268 ; European economic integration and unity of this currency leaves form a very significant ketergantungan among its members, so that a crisis was enough to shake the stability between the countries members of the other. Basically the single currency system seems to be double-edged blade for the European Union. On the one hand so profitable and increase the bargaining positions of European countries, but on the other hand is potentially detrimental. One reason is because of the level of adaptation of a State. Not all countries have a great economy to enter the euro zone. The existence of this single currency system to make the countries in the European Union will become vulnerable to a crisis. This is what led to the crisis that occurred since 2008 is so easily spread to countries in Europe. This research focuses on the policy decision taken by the third country in the European Union, namely Germany, France and the United Kingdom. Domestic political factors of history, and also the economic power of these countries also affect how the policy making process to rescue Greece from the crisis that is increasingly spreading to other European countries. The main purpose of the discussion of this paper is to provide new information concerning the handling of crisis from a process whereby policies domestic factors also gives countries a great influence, it also gives a view that Constructivist Theory is able to provide a view of the case.

United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country. ; United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country.

This article investigates what happens when governmental actors foster the participation of non-state actors (NSAs) in treaty ratification and implementation decisions. NSAs, being non-governmental organisations, business groups, citizens, or research institutions among others represent interests that will be ultimately impacted by policy choices. While governments have long consulted them on an ad hoc basis, a "deliberative turn" happened in the 2000s to encourage their involvement, for greater legitimacy and transparency, through among others, the use of public consultations. This proactive turn raises questions about public consultations: are such instruments effective? Do they encourage new thinking? Do they matter for final decisions? This article answers these questions by investigating, using among others lexicometry tools, the public consultation organised by the European Commission in 2011 prior to the ratification of the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing (ABS) by the European Union in 2014. The results are mixed. While the studied public consultation favoured the expression of small national NSAs the process is still poorly inclusive. NSAs did not propose any fresh ideas on the ABS issue and their final influence on European decision-makers is blurred by the diversity of interests expressed.

Technological developments are booming. Game or game use is particularly helpful in the learning process. At a time when materials are familiar with the countries of asean students will be more likely to get bored because the state map introduction, the capital and naturalness are only in the books, the need for a learning medium to be used by teachers so that students do not get bored quickly. The purpose of research is to make teachers easier in delivery of materials and easier students to study asean's introduction materials. The educational game was developed using multimedia development life cycle, as the result of the MDLC method (multimedia development life cycle), a introduction to countries in the asean program that matches the 2013 curriculum. The survey of 30 respondents scored an average of 92.19%, thereby falls into a category strongly in favor of the "educational introduction to asean state for siosswa middle school vii for android based" to be adopted as an alternative medium

The EUROSUR system is supposed to further the surveillance of external borders of European Union Member States. From this point of view, it can be considered an important step in the construction of a controlled space. Drawing inspiration from the Foucauldian attention to programs and technologies, and mobilizing the Actor- Network-Theory concepts of setting and actant, the paper investigates EUROSUR main methodological operations. It highlights how the making of a controlled space is, first and foremost, a mise-en-discours going well beyond surveillance and pro- hibition: a continuous effort to make sense of a disparate multiplicity, encompassing both human and nonhuman elements, both controlled and controlling ones. From a theoretical perspective, the chapter contributes to on-going endeavors to reinvigor- ate the post-structuralist studies of International Relations with approaches inspired by Actor-Network-Theory.

In recent years, public authorities and civil-society organisations, driven by increasing public disengagement and a growing sense of distrust between the public and their representatives, have been instituting exercises in public deliberation, often using 'mini-publics', that is relatively small groups of citizens, selected according to various criteria and representing different viewpoints, brought together to deliberate on a particular issue. From small-scale experiments, mini- publics have recently taken a constitutional turn, at least in Europe. Iceland and Ireland have turned to deliberative democracy to reform their constitutions. Estonia, Luxembourg and Romania have also experienced constitutional processes in a deliberative mode. In Belgium, the G1000, a citizen-led initiative of deliberative democracy, has fostered a wider public debate about the place and role of citizens in the country's democracy. At the same time, the European Union institutions have introduced different forms of deliberative democracy as a way to reconnect with citizens. These empirical cases are indicative of a possible 'constitutional turn' in deliberative democracy in Europe. These examples of constitution-making happened in a particular time and place but they may also serve as models for other events.

This study aims to gather information and analyze in-depth about the public perception on the green buying in Indonesia. The analysis focus on each of the community groups, ie group of professionals, group of housewives, and group of young people. These three groups are expected to represent the green buying behavior of today's society. Research is conducted by using qualitative research approach, using the technique of in-depth interviews in data collection. This study finds that people have different 'green' buying behavior. Professional groups are the groups most concerned in it, while the groups who are less concerned with green buying are groups of housewives, normally they reasoned that the purchase of green products are very expensive. The great expectation for environmentally conscious and green buying behavior is on groups of young people (students). Generally, young people have a great desire to behave in green if later they are already working and earning enough to buy green products which are generally more expensive than the regular products. Future expectations are that these research findings can be used as a reference by the government in environmental policy making, as well as benefits to the company/organization in offering products that are environmentally friendly.

The profession of migrant workers in some cases bring the person concerned to get the treasures expected success, but not rarely contain a number of risks that need to get the attention of government authorities. A number of problems that might be experienced when Indonesian Labor not available works. Therefore it takes a model economic empowerment for the labor of Indonesia, when he returned to his country was able to survive and improve the well-being of himself and of his family. This research aims to know the role of zakah's institution towards the empowerment of Indonesia's labor and to devise appropriate empowerment model for Indonesian Workforce by Institution of Zakah. Data analysis was done with a qualitative approach. Analytical techniques in the study will be conducted with qualitative analysis approach, a case study of eksplanation to explain how the empowerment model right for Indonesia in Labor Studies. Based on the data and the results of the analysis that has been done can be known that Dompet Dhuafa has role in Indonesia Workforce empowerment. The empowerment Model implemented by Dompet Dhuafa form the Groove program that may help the former workforce of Indonesia after plunging back to life in his native region. Former Indonesian workforce empowerment meant to monitor and nurture the entrepreneurial activities are continuously carried out by former Indonesian labor so that it can be a permanent effort.

Musyarakah Mutanaqishah is one of akad which has minor risk compared to the other akad that is commonly implemented by sharia banking. In Musyarakah Mutanaqisah contract of cooperation Musyarakah Mutanaqishah can be done in various commercial business activities, with the form of business that is shariah compliant, among others; the principle of buying and selling, and renting rent. The important point is to be aware of that Musyarakah Mutanaqisah creates ownership in the form of a stationary asset, the parties in the union are not allowed to sell the portion of the assets owned to the other party outside the union without permission from other members of the union. Because, when members of the union sell their portions to the outside of the Union, there is a right to the members of the long-standing member of the assets that have been purchased by new members of the union. When the rights of Syuf'ah are applied, there is a worry that the parties are harmed. Based on this background, the author examines the right of Syuf'ah in Musyarakah Mutanaqishah contract. Based on the results of the study of the rules of agreement Musyarakah Mutanaqishah, based on theories and the rules of Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia do not discuss the rules regarding the prohibition of parties in the union move or sell to other parties outside the union. But the implementation of this agreement on Sharia banking, the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan regulates the standard application of Musyarakah Mutanaqisah product. In the standard book the application of musyarakah Mutanaqishah products, arranged in relation to Negative Covenant clause. In drafting a financing agreement contract with the Musyarakah Mutanaqisah scheme, the bank should bind customer not to divert and surrender the portion of the customer's ownership to the other party, either in whole or in part. The author hopes the rule of application of this agreement is also noticed by other financial institutions, especially non-bank financial institutions in its transaction also implementing Musyarakah Mutanaqisah contract.

Hungary has become a party to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees which requires it to adhere to the principle of non-refoulment towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East who came to the country in 2015. However, in reality Hungary has implemented a policy of detaining and returning refugees even by repressive means. This policy also clearly contradicts the principle of protection against refugees and the policies of the European Union (EU) in which Hungary is a member. The policies taken by Hungary cannot be separated from domestic factors that influence the choice of the Hungarian government to take policies that are contrary to the binding Convention and EU policy. Therefore, this paper seeks to answer what domestic factors influenced Hungary's policies towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East in the 2015-2019 period. This paper uses qualitative methods with data sources obtained from literature studies on various aspects of Hungarian domestic politics. The argument in this study is that Hungarian policy towards refugees and migrants is influenced by domestic factors related to elite interests as a strategy to win political battles in the country related to Viktor Orban's ideas of national identity as the Prime Minister of Hungary as well as leader of the ruling party Fidesz, the dynamics of Hungarian domestic politics. and the strengthening of right-wing populism advocated by Fidesz's party. ; Hungary has become a party to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees which requires it to adhere to the principle of non-refoulment towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East who came to the country in 2015. However, in reality Hungary has implemented a policy of detaining and returning refugees even by repressive means. This policy also clearly contradicts the principle of protection against refugees and the policies of the European Union (EU) in which Hungary is a member. The policies taken by Hungary cannot be separated from domestic factors that influence the choice of the Hungarian government to take policies that are contrary to the binding Convention and EU policy. Therefore, this paper seeks to answer what domestic factors influenced Hungary's policies towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East in the 2015-2019 period. This paper uses qualitative methods with data sources obtained from literature studies on various aspects of Hungarian domestic politics. The argument in this study is that Hungarian policy towards refugees and migrants is influenced by domestic factors related to elite interests as a strategy to win political battles in the country related to Viktor Orban's ideas of national identity as the Prime Minister of Hungary as well as leader of the ruling party Fidesz, the dynamics of Hungarian domestic politics. and the strengthening of right-wing populism advocated by Fidesz's party.