Suchergebnisse

The results of the UK referendum in favour of leaving the European Union (EU) clearly put into question the European economic and political project as well as its institutional structure. This article argues that the Brexit may be a momentum to reform the institutional structure and procedural rules through which tax policy is made at the EU level. The UK referendum is indeed unlikely to further slow down the EU harmonization process in tax matters, which has always followed a tortuous path. Instead, the Brexit may give momentum to reform major weaknesses of the EU institutional and decision-making process in tax matters, in particular the unanimity rule and the role of the European Parliament. Finally, with regard to taxation specifically, the establishment of an EU tax, providing the EU with sufficient genuine own resource, could also reinforce EU's legitimacy by countering the criticisms related to Member States' contribution to the European budget.

This article investigates what happens when governmental actors foster the participation of non-state actors (NSAs) in treaty ratification and implementation decisions. NSAs, being non-governmental organisations, business groups, citizens, or research institutions among others represent interests that will be ultimately impacted by policy choices. While governments have long consulted them on an ad hoc basis, a "deliberative turn" happened in the 2000s to encourage their involvement, for greater legitimacy and transparency, through among others, the use of public consultations. This proactive turn raises questions about public consultations: are such instruments effective? Do they encourage new thinking? Do they matter for final decisions? This article answers these questions by investigating, using among others lexicometry tools, the public consultation organised by the European Commission in 2011 prior to the ratification of the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing (ABS) by the European Union in 2014. The results are mixed. While the studied public consultation favoured the expression of small national NSAs the process is still poorly inclusive. NSAs did not propose any fresh ideas on the ABS issue and their final influence on European decision-makers is blurred by the diversity of interests expressed.

cover -- संक्षिप्त अनुक्रमणिका -- विस्तृत अनुक्रमणिका -- आकृत्यांची सूची -- तक्त्यांची सूची -- प्रस्तावना -- पुस्तकाविषयी -- लेखक परिचय -- ऋणनिर्देश -- विभाग १ पसरलेले पंख -- प्रकरण १ १९५० नंतरच्या सर्वसमावेशक वृद्धीच्या विकास धोरणांची स्पर्धात्मक सापेक्षता: पूर्वावलोकन -- प्रकरण २ विकास प्रक्रियेचा अनुभव -- विभाग 2 वैकासिक क्रांतीची चिकित्सा -- प्रकरण 3 वैकासिक क्रांतीचे पुनःपरीक्षणः किती वास्तव? -- प्रकरण ४ वैकासिक क्रांतीच्या प्रेरणा -- प्रकरण ५ वैकासिक क्रांती: खुली होती का बंदिस्त? -- प्रकरण ६ वैकासिक क्रांती आणि सर्वसमावेशक वाढीचा ध्यास -- विभाग ३ उदारमतवाद एक दुःस्वप्न -- प्रकरण ७ उदारमतवादाचा उद्रेक -- प्रकरण ८ उदारमतवादाचा चढता आलेख -- प्रकरण ९ नैतिक अधिकारांचे उदारमतवादी तत्त्वज्ञान आणि त्यांची आर्थिक विषयपत्रिका -- प्रकरण १० उदारमतवादाने सर्वसमावेशक वृद्धीकडे केलेले दुर्लक्ष -- विभाग ४ उदारमतवादाची एक लाट सामावून घेणे -- प्रकरण ११ उदारमतवादासमोरील सैद्धान्तिक आव्हाने -- प्रकरण १२ खाजगीकरणाची काळी बाजू -- प्रकरण १३ संरचनात्मक समायोजन उपक्रम आणि सर्वसमावेशक नसणारा विकास -- प्रकरण १४ उदारमतवादाचा नीतीनिरपेक्ष पाया -- विभाग ५ मानव संसाधन उपक्रम -- प्रकरण १५ मानव विकास उपक्रम -- प्रकरण १६ सर्वप्रथम मनुष्यबळ विकास व्यूहरचना -- प्रकरण १७ सर्वप्रथम मनुष्यबळ विकास आणि विकासकेंद्रित व्यूहरचना यापैकी एकाची निवड -- प्रकरण १८ वृद्धीसंबंधित समस्या आणि मानवी विकास उपक्रम -- प्रकरण १९ मानव विकास उपक्रम आणि सर्वसमावेशक विकासाचा ध्यास -- विभाग ६ सर्वसमावेशक विकास -- प्रकरण २० सर्वसमावेशक विकास व्यूहनीती -- प्रकरण २१ सर्वसमावेशक विकास व्यूहनीतीची मूलतत्त्वे -- प्रकरण २२ सर्वसमावेशक विकासाचा शोध -- प्रकरण २३ वृद्धी, समानता आणि दारिद्र्य यांमधील मूलभूत संबंध -- प्रकरण २४ सर्वसमावेशक विकासाचे सुलभीकरण -- प्रकरण २५ सर्वसमावेशक विकास व्यूहनीतीची नैतिक प्रेरणा -- प्रकरण २६ प्रखर वास्तव उजेडात आणणे -- संदर्भग्रंथ सूची.

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The EUROSUR system is supposed to further the surveillance of external borders of European Union Member States. From this point of view, it can be considered an important step in the construction of a controlled space. Drawing inspiration from the Foucauldian attention to programs and technologies, and mobilizing the Actor- Network-Theory concepts of setting and actant, the paper investigates EUROSUR main methodological operations. It highlights how the making of a controlled space is, first and foremost, a mise-en-discours going well beyond surveillance and pro- hibition: a continuous effort to make sense of a disparate multiplicity, encompassing both human and nonhuman elements, both controlled and controlling ones. From a theoretical perspective, the chapter contributes to on-going endeavors to reinvigor- ate the post-structuralist studies of International Relations with approaches inspired by Actor-Network-Theory.

In recent years, public authorities and civil-society organisations, driven by increasing public disengagement and a growing sense of distrust between the public and their representatives, have been instituting exercises in public deliberation, often using 'mini-publics', that is relatively small groups of citizens, selected according to various criteria and representing different viewpoints, brought together to deliberate on a particular issue. From small-scale experiments, mini- publics have recently taken a constitutional turn, at least in Europe. Iceland and Ireland have turned to deliberative democracy to reform their constitutions. Estonia, Luxembourg and Romania have also experienced constitutional processes in a deliberative mode. In Belgium, the G1000, a citizen-led initiative of deliberative democracy, has fostered a wider public debate about the place and role of citizens in the country's democracy. At the same time, the European Union institutions have introduced different forms of deliberative democracy as a way to reconnect with citizens. These empirical cases are indicative of a possible 'constitutional turn' in deliberative democracy in Europe. These examples of constitution-making happened in a particular time and place but they may also serve as models for other events.