Suchergebnisse

The criminal treatment of juveniles in the European Union was regulated in earlier times and has evolved by national legislation of Member States, international treaties, documents of the Council of Europe, as well as by European Union Treaties, European Parliament Resolutions and Press Releases of the European Commission. The regulatory divergence of criminal treatment of juveniles in EU countries implies the need to elaborate certain minimum rules to prevent and to combat juvenile delinquency, oriented to education of minors and their punishment.

Ombudsman, unlike the court, cannot make binding decisions, but usually public authorities follow its recommendations, otherwise he may bring the case to the attention of politicians and the public by informing Parliament. The link between the two fundamental European institutions, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Ombudsman, may be defined as a strong direct link between the problems of EU citizens. Requests to each institution represent an interest of each petitioner, which is intended to be solved by matching laws with moral rules and general principles of law.

The article is an analysis of European Union legislation on conservation and protection of biodiversity. It emphasizes the achievements of the activity of the EU in this area, mainly the establishment of the Natura 2000 Network, examining the obligations of the Member States that are stipulated in the Birds and Habitats Directives. It points out to the integration of biodiversity protection in other fields of EU sectoral policies as well.

The European continent, under the urge of the events generated by the process of building Europe that has led to an enlargement of the external European Union borders towards the east, undergoes a process of alteration. No matter on which side of the EU border they may be, the citizens of the European countries are entitled to enjoy the fruit of welfare, security and freedom. The development of a coherent neighbourhood policy in Brussels becomes an imperative resulting from the need for communication and cooperation amongst people and countries.
No matter the view on the European Union external border, the dialogue on all levels of the society through the means of inter-university cooperation is a factor providing the communication needed for good neighbourhood. Thus, the stiff borders fade away. By setting up a university network comprising both partners from within and outside the European Union, a bond is established over the external border of the community. From this point of view, inter-university cooperation at the external borders of the European community turns into a promoter of good neighbourhood values.

Attracting of foreign direct investments (FDI) has becoming increasingly researched worldwide as they contribute to the economic growth of countries. The most important factors determining the choice of firms to expand internationally through FDI are: access to local resources, access to the domestic market, a high level of efficiency and strategic asset acquisition. The FDI flows of the European Union are still influenced by the global economic and financial crisis. In 2012 the FDI outflows decreased with 53 % as compared to 2011, registering their lowest level since 2004. The recovery will take longer than expected, mostly because of global economic fragility and policy uncertainty.

The health of the economy and the effectiveness of monetary policy depend on a sound financial system. Bank supervision involves monitoring and examining the condition of banks and their compliance with laws and regulations. If a bank under the Central Bank's or other authority's jurisdiction is found to have problems or be non compliant with the authority of supervision may use its authority to request that the bank correct the problems. Bank regulation includes issuing specific regulations and guidelines to govern the operations, activities and acquisitions of banking organizations. On other hand, both theory (game theory) and practice (recent financial crisis) indicate that national interests prevail in cross-border resolution. National authorities aim for the least-cost solution for domestic taxpayers. This results in an undersupply of the public good of communautaire and global financial stability. To preserve the internal market in banking, this paper proposes a supranational approach to banking supervision and resolution in Europe.

Actuellement nombreuses compagnies provenants des pays développés réexaminent la géographie de l'«outsourcing» (externalisation). La focalisation durable sur la productivité, l'efficience opérationnelle et la posibilité d'une future extension de l'emplacement, l'emportent sur la diminution de coûts à court terme. L'arrivée des grandes STN (sociétés transnationales) dans les pays de l'Europe Centrale et de l'Est marque le début d'une tendance ample, qui tient non seulement des opportunités de faire économie à long terme, mais aussi d'une possible perspective pour ces pays de devenir leaders dans l'attirance des investissements.

The relationship between the convention and constitutional law -- The relationship between the convention and international law -- Succumbing to penal populis -- Defending society from its enemies -- New forms of punishment -- Promoting internet as the new global market of ideas -- Defending the foundations of the European model of social state (Sozialstaalichkeit) -- Empowering migrants as citizens -- Judge-made law : is the case law coherent? -- Strasbourg consequential orders : words blown against the wind?