Suchergebnisse

Раздел - "Международное право", рубрика - "Вопросы теории" ; Дадзены артыкул з'яўляецца спробай зрабіць унёсак у стварэнне ўніверсальнай тэарэтычнай метадалогіі апраксімацыі права дзяржаў, якія жадаюць стаць членамі ЕС або апраксімуюць сваё заканадаўства з правам ЕС па іншых прычынах. Аўтар дае азначэнне прававой апраксімацыі, выяўляе яе асноўныя характарыстыкі і прапануе тыпалогію спосабаў, метадаў і тэхнік. Сцвярджаецца, што працэс нарматворчасці ў рамках прававой апраксімацыі мае шэраг агульных прынцыпаў, а абавязковай часткай працэса з'яўляецца адпаведнасць новаўтвораных нормаў як да права ЕС, так і да нацыянальнай прававой сістэмы. Аналізуецца спецыфіка апраксімацыі з рэгламентамі і дырэктывамі ЕС і тлумачыцца неабходнасць маніторынга судовых рашэнняў. = This article is an attempt to contribute to the establishment of a universal theoretical methodology of legal approximation of the third countries which aspire to become the EU member states or which approximate their national legislation to that of the EU for other reasons. The author gives a defi nition of legal approximation, identifi es its main characteristics and proposes a typology of means, methods and techniques. It is argued that the process of law-making in the framework of legal approximation has a number of common principles and that the indispensable part of the process is the requirement that an approximation measure ought to be compatible both with the EU law and with the national legal system. Features peculiar to the EU regulations and directives are analysed and the necessity of the case-law is explained.

The article examines the experience of digital transformations in Europe. Following the United States and European Union countries in Russia, the program "Digital Economy in the Russian Federation" was approved. The success of its implementation is linked with the study and use of the experience of digital transformation, which is already happening in the world. In Europe, the Single Digital Market Strategy has been implemented for two years already. The first results of the implementation of the strategy were considered by the representatives of the European Union in Malta in June 2017. The progress of the implementation of the European strategy, the first results and further steps are discussed in this article. ; В статье рассматриваются опыт цифровых преобразований в Европе. В след за США и странами Европейского союза в России утверждена программа «Цифровая экономика в Российской Федерации». Успешность её реализации увязывают с изучением и использованием опыта цифровой трансформации, которая уже происходит в мире. В Европе уже два года реализуется Стратегия Единого Цифрового рынка. Первые итоги реализации стратегии были рассмотрены представителями Евросоюза на Мальте в июне 2017 г. Ход реализации европейской стратегии, первые результаты и дальнейшие шаги рассматриваются в данной статье.

Actio negatoria is necessary in a situation wherein no one questions the ownership of an object by the owner, and the object remains in his possession, but someone exploits it without sufficient legal basis, treats it just as if he was endowed with the opportunity and the right to use someone else's object. Despite the apparent simplicity of actio negatoria in the legislation of European countries, three models of this lawsuit have been developed, built according to the actio negatoria design that existed at different stages of the development of Roman private law – the common law model, the Roman model, and the German model. This study is based on the method of analysis of judicial practice and the method of comparative law. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that actio negatoria is not a universal method of protection. It is necessary to deviate from the principle of residual attention of the legislator to actio negatoria, residual, first of all, compared to rei vindicatio. Based on the analysis of the three models of actio negatoria that exist in the law of European countries, a new, fourth model of this lawsuit is proposed. Only an immovable object can be the subject of an actio negatoria dispute. Actio negatoria cannot be used to challenge the registered right to immovable objects. Actio negatoria can be used to protect the subjective right of property from a violation of ownership which is produced by interfering with possession and which does not result in dispossession. ; Actio negatoria is necessary in a situation wherein no one questions the ownership of an object by the owner, and the object remains in his possession, but someone exploits it without sufficient legal basis, treats it just as if he was endowed with the opportunity and the right to use someone else's object. Despite the apparent simplicity of actio negatoria in the legislation of European countries, three models of this lawsuit have been developed, built according to the actio negatoria design that existed at different stages of the development of Roman private law – the common law model, the Roman model, and the German model. This study is based on the method of analysis of judicial practice and the method of comparative law. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that actio negatoria is not a universal method of protection. It is necessary to deviate from the principle of residual attention of the legislator to actio negatoria, residual, first of all, compared to rei vindicatio. Based on the analysis of the three models of actio negatoria that exist in the law of European countries, a new, fourth model of this lawsuit is proposed. Only an immovable object can be the subject of an actio negatoria dispute. Actio negatoria cannot be used to challenge the registered right to immovable objects. Actio negatoria can be used to protect the subjective right of property from a violation of ownership which is produced by interfering with possession and which does not result in dispossession.

Раздел "Международные отношения" ; Одной из характерных особенностей мирового хозяйства на рубеже тысячелетий являются глубокие геополитические изменения, обусловленные разрушением социалистической системы и развернувшимися коренными социально-экономическими преобразованиями во многих странах Центральной и Восточной Европы. В связи с интеграционными процессами в Европе особую актуальность приобретает анализ функционирования туристского комплекса стран ЦВЕ в новых условиях, в пределах единого европейского туристского пространства. В этом контексте важны определение места туризма в экономике, оценка структурных изменений в туристском комплексе новых независимых стран, а также оценка региона. Учитывая, что страны ЦВЕ являются самыми популярными направлениями выезда туристов Беларуси, особую актуальность представляет туристическая политика, реализуемая странами региона. На сегодняшний день этот туристский мезорегион является самым перспективным с точки зрения организации международного туризма. В связи с этим в статье рассматриваются особенности развития туризма в странах ЦВЕ. Закономерности развития туризма в этих странах существенно отличаются от направлений движения туристского комплекса стран СНГ. Автор обращает внимание не только на тенденции развития туризма в странах ЦВЕ после вхождения в Европейский союз, но и на механизмы реализации в них качественно обновленной туристской политики. = One of the main features of the global economy at the turn of the millenium is a dramatic global shift caused by the collapse of the world socialist system and further significant changes in many countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The recent integration processes in Europe give special topicality to the analysis of the performance of the tourism system of these countries in the new conditions of a single European tourism space. Thus, it is important within this context to evaluate structural changes in the tourism systems of the newly independent states, to determine the role of tourism in the country's economy as well as to evaluate its regional future. Special tourism policy implemented by the countries of the region is especially important considering that Central and Eastern Europe countries are the most popular directions of Belarusian tourism. Today this tourist mesoregion is most promising from the point of view of international tourism development. This article focuses on exploration of peculiarities of development of international tourism in Central and Eastern Europe. The regularities of tourism development in these countries differ greatly from the directions along which the CIS member-states tourism is developing. The author draws attention not only to the trends of development of tourism in Central and Eastern Europe countries after their acceding to the European Union but also to the mechanisms of implementation of radically updated tourism policy in these countries.