Suchergebnisse

The growing human population inevitably entails various challenges associated with the deteriorating ecological situation, decline in public health, depletion of natural resources, increasing the cost of non-renewable energy sources, and food supply problems. Solutions are found via new pharmacological and medical preparations and technologies, food and feed additives and alternative energy sources. The paper briefly overviews the current biotechnologies of using microalgae in the food industry, agriculture and aquaculture, medicine and power production, describes the related technological and economic problems and their practical solutions implemented in the EU countries. ; "Interaction of Environment and Human Health: Experience of the European Union", with the reference number 2016-2592 / 001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE

National audience ; Originally, the development cooperation action of the European Union was influenced by the particularities of the integration process within the Community. This action has since evolved in order to function within a broader international environment. Accordingly, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), established by the United Nations, is clearly a key element of the European Union cooperation policy. Consequently, the European Union has endeavoured to harmonise its policies with those Goals. However, concerning the funding of the MDG in particular, the action of the European Union has yet to be coordinated with the national development policies of the Member States. Moreover, the European Union promotes greater participation of developing countries in international trade. Consequently, the European Union had to adapt itself to the requirements of the World Trade Organisation, whilst at the same time preserving its specificity. Therefore, it has chosen to pursue greater regionalism, consistent with WTO Law, rather than pure multilateralism, as reflected by the Cotonou Agreement and the progressive adoption of economic partnership agreements. ; L'action de l'Union européenne en matière de coopération au développement témoignait à l'origine de certaines spécificités propres à l'intégration communautaire. Elle a dû évoluer pour s'intégrer dans un environnement international. Ainsi, l'Union européenne a clairement inscrit la réalisation des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), fixés par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, au cœur de sa politique de coopération et elle a cherché à mettre en cohérence ses différentes politiques avec ces ceux-ci. Cependant, en matière de financement des OMD notamment, ses actions ne sont pas toujours coordonnées avec les politiques nationales de développement des différents Etats membres.L'Union européenne soutient également une plus grande participation des pays en développement aux échanges commerciaux internationaux. Dans cette demarche, ...

National audience ; Originally, the development cooperation action of the European Union was influenced by the particularities of the integration process within the Community. This action has since evolved in order to function within a broader international environment. Accordingly, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), established by the United Nations, is clearly a key element of the European Union cooperation policy. Consequently, the European Union has endeavoured to harmonise its policies with those Goals. However, concerning the funding of the MDG in particular, the action of the European Union has yet to be coordinated with the national development policies of the Member States. Moreover, the European Union promotes greater participation of developing countries in international trade. Consequently, the European Union had to adapt itself to the requirements of the World Trade Organisation, whilst at the same time preserving its specificity. Therefore, it has chosen to pursue greater regionalism, consistent with WTO Law, rather than pure multilateralism, as reflected by the Cotonou Agreement and the progressive adoption of economic partnership agreements. ; L'action de l'Union européenne en matière de coopération au développement témoignait à l'origine de certaines spécificités propres à l'intégration communautaire. Elle a dû évoluer pour s'intégrer dans un environnement international. Ainsi, l'Union européenne a clairement inscrit la réalisation des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), fixés par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, au cœur de sa politique de coopération et elle a cherché à mettre en cohérence ses différentes politiques avec ces ceux-ci. Cependant, en matière de financement des OMD notamment, ses actions ne sont pas toujours coordonnées avec les politiques nationales de développement des différents Etats membres.L'Union européenne soutient également une plus grande participation des pays en développement aux échanges commerciaux internationaux. Dans cette demarche, ...

National audience ; Originally, the development cooperation action of the European Union was influenced by the particularities of the integration process within the Community. This action has since evolved in order to function within a broader international environment. Accordingly, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), established by the United Nations, is clearly a key element of the European Union cooperation policy. Consequently, the European Union has endeavoured to harmonise its policies with those Goals. However, concerning the funding of the MDG in particular, the action of the European Union has yet to be coordinated with the national development policies of the Member States. Moreover, the European Union promotes greater participation of developing countries in international trade. Consequently, the European Union had to adapt itself to the requirements of the World Trade Organisation, whilst at the same time preserving its specificity. Therefore, it has chosen to pursue greater regionalism, consistent with WTO Law, rather than pure multilateralism, as reflected by the Cotonou Agreement and the progressive adoption of economic partnership agreements. ; L'action de l'Union européenne en matière de coopération au développement témoignait à l'origine de certaines spécificités propres à l'intégration communautaire. Elle a dû évoluer pour s'intégrer dans un environnement international. Ainsi, l'Union européenne a clairement inscrit la réalisation des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), fixés par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, au cœur de sa politique de coopération et elle a cherché à mettre en cohérence ses différentes politiques avec ces ceux-ci. Cependant, en matière de financement des OMD notamment, ses actions ne sont pas toujours coordonnées avec les politiques nationales de développement des différents Etats membres.L'Union européenne soutient également une plus grande participation des pays en développement aux échanges commerciaux internationaux. Dans cette demarche, elle a dû s'adapter aux exigences de l'Organisation mondiale du Commerce tout en conservant sa spécificité. Ainsi a-t-elle refusé le multilatéralisme pur au bénéfice de l'approfondissement d'un régionalisme conforme aux règles de l'OMC, comme en témoigne l'Accord de Cotonou et l'adoption progressive d'accords de partenariat économique.

Cet article examine les perspectives et les défis pour établir une coopération énergétique globale entre la Turquie et l'UE. L'argument principal est que la politique énergétique est essentiellement conduite par l'intérêt national plutôt que par les intérêts communs, ce qui empêche la consolidation de la coopération régionale. Il existe trois mécanismes spécifiques par lesquels la prédominance des intérêts nationaux mine la coopération énergétique. Tout d'abord, la divergence des intérêts nationaux énergétiques des États membres rend difficile la mise en application d'une politique extérieure commune par l'UE. En second lieu, la Russie suit la stratégie de division ( wedge strategy ), qui combine des incitations sélectives avec des instruments coercitifs pour empêcher la formation d'un bloc d'énergie anti-russe unifié au sein de l'UE. Troisièmement, la dépendance de la Turquie en matière de gaz russe limite la marge de manœuvre d'Ankara dans la politique énergétique régionale. Bloquée entre l'UE et la Russie, la Turquie cherche fréquemment à jouer les uns contre les autres. Ce balancement constant mine la crédibilité de l'engagement de la Turquie dans la coopération en matière d'énergie.

The thesis seeks to answer the following question: is inter-parliamentary cooperation in the EU (hereinafter the IPC) able to contribute to reinforcing the EU's democratic legitimacy? Resulting to a large extent from the gap between the European Parliament and the national parliaments as a result of the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage, the necessity of the IPC has progressively increased since 1979. In the context where the blind angle of the parliamentary control on the EU expands resulting from the development of the European politics taken by the intergovernmental method, it appears from this study that the IPC can be a device which could lead to strengthen the democratic legitimacy of the EU's acts thanks to the complementarity between the European Parliament and the national parliaments. In assessing the IPC through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis, this thesis not only leads us to understand the limits and the potential benefits of the IPC but also identifies possible solutions to consolidate it. Going beyond this analysis, this thesis affirms that through the benchmarking of the IPC, other inter-parliamentary co-operations at a global level, which remain parliamentary diplomacy, can together contribute to the creation of a world parliament, a bold project on which many questions weigh. ; La thèse cherche à répondre à la question de savoir si la coopération interparlementaire au sein de l'UE (ci-après, la CIP), est en mesure de contribuer au renforcement de la légitimité démocratique de l'UE. Résultant dans une large mesure de la fracture entre le Parlement européen et les parlements nationaux consécutive à l'élection au suffrage universel direct des députés européens, la nécessité de la CIP s'est progressivement renforcée depuis 1979. Dans le contexte où s'élargit l'angle mort du contrôle parlementaire de l'UE sous l'effet du développement de politiques européennes à caractère intergouvernemental, il ressort des présents ...

The thesis seeks to answer the following question: is inter-parliamentary cooperation in the EU (hereinafter the IPC) able to contribute to reinforcing the EU's democratic legitimacy? Resulting to a large extent from the gap between the European Parliament and the national parliaments as a result of the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage, the necessity of the IPC has progressively increased since 1979. In the context where the blind angle of the parliamentary control on the EU expands resulting from the development of the European politics taken by the intergovernmental method, it appears from this study that the IPC can be a device which could lead to strengthen the democratic legitimacy of the EU's acts thanks to the complementarity between the European Parliament and the national parliaments. In assessing the IPC through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis, this thesis not only leads us to understand the limits and the potential benefits of the IPC but also identifies possible solutions to consolidate it. Going beyond this analysis, this thesis affirms that through the benchmarking of the IPC, other inter-parliamentary co-operations at a global level, which remain parliamentary diplomacy, can together contribute to the creation of a world parliament, a bold project on which many questions weigh. ; La thèse cherche à répondre à la question de savoir si la coopération interparlementaire au sein de l'UE (ci-après, la CIP), est en mesure de contribuer au renforcement de la légitimité démocratique de l'UE. Résultant dans une large mesure de la fracture entre le Parlement européen et les parlements nationaux consécutive à l'élection au suffrage universel direct des députés européens, la nécessité de la CIP s'est progressivement renforcée depuis 1979. Dans le contexte où s'élargit l'angle mort du contrôle parlementaire de l'UE sous l'effet du développement de politiques européennes à caractère intergouvernemental, il ressort des présents ...

With the beginning of the year 1999, a further important step towards deeper integration of Europe took place: The European Monetary Union (EMU) was put into force. Undoubtedly, this has, beside other effects, also considerable effects on the economic geography of the integrating area. Possible and probable spatial effects of EMU was the motive to establish an international working group within the ARL-DATAR (Délégati-on à l'Aménagement du Territoire et à l'Action Régionale) cooperation agreement in order to shed some light on these effects. The present volume consists of papers having been elaborated by members of the working group. Considerations are made with regard to - consequences for the regions of a changed relationship in which countries being members of the euro-zone stand to each other, - macroeconomic consequences for regions of their being a member of EMU, - effects of the possible concentration of industrial activities in regions and of trends towards specialisation of regions in certain industries, - effects of EMU using a multiregional general equilibrium model, - distinguishing between static and dynamic effects of the Euro. Based on these deliberations recommendations are formulated and spatial orientated policy conclusions are given even though one fear seems to be unfounded: the aim of territorial cohesion in the EU seems not to be touched systematically by the common currency in a negative way.

Relations between the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and the European Union com withinthe framework of the Cotonou Agreement signed in 2000, revised in 2005 in Luxembourg andin 2010 in Burkina Faso. But geostrategic considerations led Mauritania to open a newframework of cooperation with the European Union as part of the Euromed partnership.Historically inaugurated by the Treaty of Rome 1957, these relations were extended by theYaoundé and Lomé Conventions. The Cotonou Agreement that currently governs theirrelationship rests on three pillars: political dialogue, trade relations and developmentcooperation, in the service of an ambitious objective of reducing and, eventually, eradicatingpoverty in line with sustainable development objectives and the gradual integration of ACPcountries into the world economy. In this context we will examine the evolution of thispartnership by focusing on those changes that have affected both the ACP and the EuropeanUnion.From the legal point of view, we will see how the commercial partnership based on anon-reciprocal preference will adapt to rules of international law. Furthermore, the extensionof the scope of the partnership to encompass political issues which had long been the domainof States sovereignty under the principle of non-interference will be challenged by a politicalconditionality.Lastly we will see that with the proliferation of actors in development in the changingworld, the European Union is no more than one amongst many of Mauritania's, all of whomhave a different vision in relation to strategies and methods under Cotonou Agreement ; Les relations entre la République islamique de Mauritanie et l'Union européennes'inscrivent dans le cadre de l'Accord de Cotonou signé en 2000, révisé en 2005 auLuxembourg et en 2010 au Burkina Faso. Mais des considérations géostratégiques ontconduit la Mauritanie à ouvrir un nouveau cadre de Coopération avec l'Union européennedans le partenariat Euromed.Historiquement inauguré par le traité de Rome de 1957, ces relations se ...

The article attempts to econometric modeling of the influence of a complex of factors on the volume and dynamics of the economies of the member States of the European Union, taking into account their differentiation. The main results of the author's research are as follows. First, the fundamental coincidence of trends in the EU GDP dynamics with global trends and the presence of a strong negative impact on this dynamics of the global crisis of the late 2000s have been established. Secondly, it is once again confirmed that there is a significant differentiation between the founding States of the EU and the countries that joined it after 1990, expressed in a significant excess of macroeconomic indicators of the first group of countries of similar indicators of the second group. Thirdly, the difference between the combinations of factors influencing economic development in the two groups of EU countries is revealed, which once again testifies to the bloc nature of the EU structure.

Iliescu, I.: Romania and the European integration. - S. 3-5. Berindei, D.: Les Roumains et l'Europe au cours de l'histoire. - S. 6-11. Ene, C.: Accession to the European Union: Concepts and procedures. - S. 12-18. Nastase, A.: The parliamentary dimension of the European integration. - S. 19-25. Melescanu, T.: The accession to the European Union: The fundamental option of Romania's foreign policy. - S. 26-30. Prisacaru, G.: The national strategy preparing Romania's accession to the European Union. - S. 31-55. Radocea, A.: Economic revival - perequisite of Romania's integration into European structures. - S. 56-82. Georgescu, F.: Economic and financial reform - premise for Romania's partenerial integration into the European Union. - S. 83-99. Isarescu, M.:Monetary and banking reform in Romania and European integration. - S. 100-112. Comanescu, L.: The structured dialogue and the preparation of the associated countries of Central Europe for accession into the European Union. - S. 113-118. Popescu, D.: La strategie du developpement de l'industrie dans le processus de preparation de l'adhesion de la Roumanie a l'Union europeenne. - S. 119-134. Rauta, C.: L'impact de l'adhesion a l'Union europeenne sur l'agriculture de la Roumanie. - S. 135-142. Mihailescu, S.: European integration and directions of transport re-structuring. - S. 143-152. Constantinescu, V.: The Romanian Academy, its research strategy and the integration of Romania into the European Union. - S. 153-163. Berinde, M.: The European agreement - an important stage in the development of mutual trade relations. - S. 164-172. Guran, M.: A strategy towards setting up a national information infrastructure. - S. 173-180. Jelev, I.: Environmental issues in Romania and its European integration. - S. 181-192. Idu, N.: European Union PHARE assistance programme: An important support t prepare Romania for accession. - S. 193-215. Duhaneanu, S.: Le trinome cooperation-creativite-competitivite dans l'actuel environnement concurrentiel du marche europeen et international. - S. 216-234

For several decades, the European Union has been steadily increasing its presence in Central Asian countries. The EU's interests in the region are due to a number of reasons, including the desire to expand its influence in the Central Asian countries, the high importance of the region as a transit corridor between Europe and China, the prospects for economic cooperation, and the importance of the region's energy potential. In May 2019 The European Union has presented a new Strategy for Central Asia, designed to intensify cooperation in a number of areas of interaction. The new strategy is aimed at both implementing these interests and expanding cooperation in a number of other areas.