Suchergebnisse

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

Both the causes and consequences of the economic crisis which can be delimited with the period 2008-2010 (with the main emphasis on 2009, however) and the recov­ery from which started in 2010, probably need to be analysed more thoroughly and in more detail, when the duration of the crisis can be more specifically determined (al­though the main positions are generally known). On the other hand it is necessary to take measures everywhere already today to ensure rational steps with respect to the choice of measures of economic policy and orientations in exiting the economic crisis and in achieving the development, without leading national economies to setbacks or unsuccessful (wrong) directions very soon. This is topical today also for the sake of the future.The objective of this paper is to give a brief overview of the recent developments of the Estonian economy, its actions related to economic policy in overcoming and exiting the economic crisis, and the further orientation and problems (which have often been the reasons for aggravation of the economic recession) in the development of national economy as a EU Member State.This paper has been written based on different evaluations, experience of other countries as it concerns Estonia as well, several research studies in analysing the eco­nomic crisis, author's own positions which are based on official statistics and materials and long-term personal assessments of the economic situation, also on years of working with many students in seminars of different subjects related to economic policy.

The following article argues that energy security is an extremely important challenge for the countries of the European Union. Economically and democratically weakly-developed countries hold a constant fight, both open and hidden, for preserving and enforcing their energy influence in the world. Russia is the most vivid of such examples. Considering the events in the East of Ukraine, its closest European neighbours – countries of the Visegrad Four Group - should unite their efforts together and re-think their energy policies in terms of security and diversification. Establishing the EU Energy Union might be a solution.

The study investigates genesis of the European Union Social Policy and the changes in common social issue over the years. The European Union is not only economic and monetary integration, it is also unify the activities in the social areas. Integration endeavors are not only based on the European Union further enlargement to new members, but also are based on adoption of new regulations on social issues, with the need to enforce them by the Member States. EU regulations only of an economic nature, without social guidelines may lead to incomplete and unstable functioning of the European Union and Single European Market. Over the past decade, the process of European integration has intensified and included more issues and life areas, therefore the position of social policy has strengthen consistently. The increasing globalization and regionalization of economic and social life causes more important role for international institutions such as the European Union, in solving various social matters. European countries are more acutely affected by problems such as high unemployment, poverty, social exclusion and the progressive aging of the population. Consequently cooperation at EU level can lead to stop these processes and can find ways to eliminate the negative effects that appeared among the citizens of Europe.

The following article argues that energy security is an extremely important challenge for the countries of the European Union. Economically and democratically weakly-developed countries hold a constant fight, both open and hidden, for preserving and enforcing their energy influence in the world. Russia is the most vivid of such examples. Considering the events in the East of Ukraine, its closest European neighbours – countries of the Visegrad Four Group - should unite their efforts together and re-think their energy policies in terms of security and diversification. Establishing the EU Energy Union might be a solution.

Introduction. The investigations of the factors of economic development refer to the traditional economic problems. Under sustainable development concept, ecological factors of economic development of the European Union countries deserve special attention. Purpose. The aim of the article is to actualize the ecological background of economic development aspects in terms of nature business-management on the example of the Member States of the European Union. To obtain the above mentioned aim, we should settle the following tasks: to determine the ecological quality of economic development; to analyze a strategy elaborated by the Member States called "Europe - 2020" for its resource efficiency; to establish links between natural resources use and economic development; to reveal eco-environmental determinants of the economic development associated with the resource business; to estimate of ecological and economic profile of the resource culture on the cross-country level; to offer some recommendations to improve the strategy "Europe - 2020" based on ecological outcomes. Methods. The ecological factors being divided into two groups - positive and negative – are formalized and ranked from - 1 to + 1 in the article. This approach helps to compare positive and negative ecological factors of the economic development between each other. The approach has been developed especially for factorial analysis. Results. To the key eco-environmental determinants of the economic development the author refers such ones: saving of natural resources – exploitation of natural resource; environmental protection – environmental pollution; wastes utilization – wastes production; restoring forestation – deforestation; alternative energy production – energy consumption; production of environmentally friendly food – food consumption. Based on these key indicators, it is possible to estimate ecological and economic profile of the culture associated with the resource saving business for a definite country and compare it to the global situation. Originality. In the article it is proposed to divide ecological factors into two categories: factors-stimulators and factors-destimulators of economic development. Having compared these factors between each other, it is possible to make an ecological and cultural profile of economic development of the analysed countries. Conclusion. The author believes that the proposed approaches to the estimation of ecological and economic components of the European countries' development can contribute significantly to their global competitiveness. The obtained results could be used to estimate the performance of the strategy "Europe 2020".

У статті розглядається гуманітарне співробітництво країн Центральної Азії з Європейським Союзом. Європейський Союз має свою вікову історію розвитку, яка відкриває шлях до новітніх технологій і ноу-хау. Культурні зв'язки доповнюють всі аспекти співпраці, надаючи їм довгостроковий характер. ; Interests of world's leading states and world centers in Central Asia has increased due to the emergence of new military, environmental and other serious threats to the security, as well as the danger of escalating terrorism, drug trafficking and religious extremism. Today, the role of Central Asia in international politics is increasing due to its important geostrategic position, rich natural resources, and significant production and scientific and technical potential. Taking into account its economic interests in Central Asia, the European Union attaches great importance to the transformation processes in the countries of the region. The EU considers it necessary for both political and economic reasons to develop a common policy towards the states of the region that would ensure a geostrategic balance in the Central Asian region, the geopolitical interests of other countries, in particular the United States, the Russian Federation, China, India and Japan. Europe has made a valuable contribution to the implementation of new programs in the field of humanitarian cooperation. The EU is actively engaged in higher education within the framework of the world program "Erasmus+". Education is considered a priority sector in cooperation with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. In 2019, the EU adopted a new strategy for Central Asia. The most important feature of the new strategy is its uniformity and effectiveness. For these purposes, the policy of the member States of the European Union is coordinated, both among themselves and with special multilateral institutions, to monitor in detail the implementation of regional initiatives, to actively engage in information support of European policy in Central Asia through the development of educational programs, local independent media, and the involvement of international organizations – the Council of Europe, the OSCE, and the UN. However, it is humanitarian cooperation that is one of the main priorities in the long term. The EU intends to promote the development of Central Asia, to achieve a long-term impact and greater visibility in the region. The EU has expanded its participation and changed its approach by investing in national educational programs. In the field of higher education, the EU has expanded cooperation and exchange programs between universities in Europe and Central Asia. In the area of vocational training, the EU has promoted internship programmes in Europe for students from Central Asia. The article deals with the humanitarian cooperation of the Central Asian countries with the European Union. The European Union has a century - long history of development, which opens the way to the latest technologies and knowhow. Cultural ties complement all aspects of cooperation, giving them a long-term character.

У статті розглядається гуманітарне співробітництво країн Центральної Азії з Європейським Союзом. Європейський Союз має свою вікову історію розвитку, яка відкриває шлях до новітніх технологій і ноу-хау. Культурні зв'язки доповнюють всі аспекти співпраці, надаючи їм довгостроковий характер. ; Interests of world's leading states and world centers in Central Asia has increased due to the emergence of new military, environmental and other serious threats to the security, as well as the danger of escalating terrorism, drug trafficking and religious extremism. Today, the role of Central Asia in international politics is increasing due to its important geostrategic position, rich natural resources, and significant production and scientific and technical potential. Taking into account its economic interests in Central Asia, the European Union attaches great importance to the transformation processes in the countries of the region. The EU considers it necessary for both political and economic reasons to develop a common policy towards the states of the region that would ensure a geostrategic balance in the Central Asian region, the geopolitical interests of other countries, in particular the United States, the Russian Federation, China, India and Japan. Europe has made a valuable contribution to the implementation of new programs in the field of humanitarian cooperation. The EU is actively engaged in higher education within the framework of the world program "Erasmus+". Education is considered a priority sector in cooperation with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. In 2019, the EU adopted a new strategy for Central Asia. The most important feature of the new strategy is its uniformity and effectiveness. For these purposes, the policy of the member States of the European Union is coordinated, both among themselves and with special multilateral institutions, to monitor in detail the implementation of regional initiatives, to actively engage in information support of European policy in Central Asia through the development of educational programs, local independent media, and the involvement of international organizations – the Council of Europe, the OSCE, and the UN. However, it is humanitarian cooperation that is one of the main priorities in the long term. The EU intends to promote the development of Central Asia, to achieve a long-term impact and greater visibility in the region. The EU has expanded its participation and changed its approach by investing in national educational programs. In the field of higher education, the EU has expanded cooperation and exchange programs between universities in Europe and Central Asia. In the area of vocational training, the EU has promoted internship programmes in Europe for students from Central Asia. The article deals with the humanitarian cooperation of the Central Asian countries with the European Union. The European Union has a century - long history of development, which opens the way to the latest technologies and knowhow. Cultural ties complement all aspects of cooperation, giving them a long-term character.

The article concerns the idea as well as the form of international cooperation between states and international organizations, illustrated by the example of the relationship between the European Union and the Pacific region. There is some useful literature on the subject but this needs be to completed. The influences of the world's leaders collide on the Pacific Ocean, which gives this area primacy in geopolitical domination, slowly downgrading the Atlantic Community. The main purpose of the paper is, therefore, to research the possibilities and methods of legal and extrajudicial cooperation betweentwo continents which are very distant from each other. This work underlines the difference between official policy, presented by the regional intergovernmental organizations, and the individual policies of member states, who are not tied down by Brussels politics and may maintain their own foreign relations. ; The article concerns the idea as well as the form of international cooperation between states and international organizations, illustrated by the example of the relationship between the European Union and the Pacific region. There is some useful literature on the subject but this needs be to completed. The influences of the world's leaders collide on the Pacific Ocean, which gives this area primacy in geopolitical domination, slowly downgrading the Atlantic Community. The main purpose of the paper is, therefore, to research the possibilities and methods of legal and extrajudicial cooperation between two continents which are very distant from each other. This work underlines the difference between official policy, presented by the regional intergovernmental organizations, and the individual policies of member states, who are not tied down by Brussels politics and may maintain their own foreign relations.

The problematic of institutional influence on the development of European security system is extremely important, so today in the frame of EU the process of further development of European security architecture is proceeded. The main principle in this context is collectively coordinated actions of the bodies of European Union headed for adaptation of lawful environment to modern requirements and also to unification of some functions, duties and responsibilities. Without institutional measure the research of security aspects seems complicated, that is why this article is dedicated to defining institutional peculiarities of the bodies with the help of which the system of European security is developed. In the article it was researched the main features of forming institutional approach of European Union in the context of European security system development. It was analysed common organizational security functions and the functions of EU institutions with the aim of more detailed research of approaches of European bodies to the questions of security. It was determined the presentation of EU at international level in the frame of the institutions which more or less are involved in security problematic. It was grounded the role of European Council, Council of Ministers of EU, European Commission, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, European Parliament, European External Action Service in the process of strengthening general European security. ; Проблематика інституційного впливу на розвиток системи європейської безпеки надзвичайно важлива, адже сьогодні в рамках ЄС продовжується процес подальшого розвитку архітектури європейської безпеки. Основним принципом у даному контексті виступає принцип колективних скоординованих дій структур та органів Європейського Союзу, який спрямований на адаптацію нормативно­правового середо­вища до сучасних вимог, а також уніфікації ряду функцій, повноважень і обов'язків. Без інституціонального виміру дослідження безпекових аспектів видається складним, тому дана стаття присвячена визначенню характерних інституційних особливостей відповідних органів, за допомогою яких відбувається розвиток системи європейської безпеки. В статті досліджено основні чинники формування інституціонального підходу Європейського Союзу в контексті розвитку системи європейської безпеки. Проаналізовано загальноорганізаційні безпекові функції та функції інституцій ЄС з метою більш детального дослідження підходів європейських структур до питань безпеки. Визначено представлення ЄС на міжнародній арені в рамках ряду інституцій, які в більшій або меншій мірі задіяні в безпековій проблематиці. Обґрунтовано роль Європейської Ради, Ради Міністрів ЄС, Європейської Комісії, Верховного представника Європейського Союзу з питань закордонних справ і політики безпеки, Європейського Парламенту, Європейської служби зовнішніх дій в процесі зміцнення загальноєвропейської безпеки. ; Проблематика інституційного впливу на розвиток системи європейської безпеки надзвичайно важлива, адже сьогодні в рамках ЄС продовжується процес подальшого розвитку архітектури європейської безпеки. Основним принципом у даному контексті виступає принцип колективних скоординованих дій структур та органів Європейського Союзу, який спрямований на адаптацію нормативно­правового середо­вища до сучасних вимог, а також уніфікації ряду функцій, повноважень і обов'язків. Без інституціонального виміру дослідження безпекових аспектів видається складним, тому дана стаття присвячена визначенню характерних інституційних особливостей відповідних органів, за допомогою яких відбувається розвиток системи європейської безпеки. В статті досліджено основні чинники формування інституціонального підходу Європейського Союзу в контексті розвитку системи європейської безпеки. Проаналізовано загальноорганізаційні безпекові функції та функції інституцій ЄС з метою більш детального дослідження підходів європейських структур до питань безпеки. Визначено представлення ЄС на міжнародній арені в рамках ряду інституцій, які в більшій або меншій мірі задіяні в безпековій проблематиці. Обґрунтовано роль Європейської Ради, Ради Міністрів ЄС, Європейської Комісії, Верховного представника Європейського Союзу з питань закордонних справ і політики безпеки, Європейського Парламенту, Європейської служби зовнішніх дій в процесі зміцнення загальноєвропейської безпеки.

The article analyzes the relations between Ukraine and the EU. Ukraine has long been seen as an important political partner of the European Union. The EU is striving for ever closer relations with Ukraine, going beyond mere cooperation, gradual economic integration and deepening political cooperation. The main events that link Ukraine and the European Union are analyzed. The article tells how the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement has changed the vision of the society about the association, and reveals the details of the EU Eastern Program. In parallel with the prospects for EU-Ukraine relations, Ukraine's accession to the EU is analyzed in detail. The author provides information on the current situation and analyses prospects for future. Ukraine has framed significant legislative reforms, aimed at combating corruption, and founded new specialized anti-corruption institutions. Work on the implementation of anti-corruption technologies is still in a process. Some of the new Ukrainian agencies are already actively involved in the fight against corruption. The development of Western European regional integration continues, requiring analysis and synthesis of new phenomena. Even a thorough analysis of the political dimension of this process, an attempt been made in the study, can not give exhaustive answer to many urgent issues. Since discussions about the ultimate goals of integration, in particular forms of its implementation, the breadth of geopolitical coverage are not yet complete.