Suchergebnisse

The Treaty of Lisbon, in line with the failed Constitutional Treaty and in the sequence of several initiatives which had taken place, came to provide for the mechanism of permanent structured cooperation. The goal of this mechanism is to enable the arising of a vanguard of Member States, eventually ready to form the embryo of a future European Union's exclusive defence system. Although permanent structured cooperation represents a step towards the application of the "community method" to security and defence of the European Union, it doesn't still fit in that pattern. Only future can tell, if permanent structured cooperation is likely to provide the European Union with a security and defence policy based on the "community method".

The article argues in favor of the European Constitution from a Portuguese perspective. Adoption of the Constitution would guarantee that an enlarged EU would enjoy a major political cohesion, that democracy would be heightened & refined in the member states, & that government throughout the EU would become more effective & efficient. While these three reasons are ample enough for the Constitution to be adopted, there are many more reasons that are specific to the position of Portugal. Increased integration with the rest of Europe would bring to Portugal advantages in terms of greater economic development, better modeling of democratic institutions, & an improved ability to meet all of the unpredictable challenges of the new millennium. R. Young

This article presents an overview of the current state of affairs of the EU-Israel relations and contributes to an expansion of the research agenda of this field. With a focus on the social and political developments of the last five years, it argues that this relationship exhibits patterns of cooperation and conflict, and attraction and repulsion. The remarkable importance that the EU has for Israel in the domains of economy, trade, science and culture is not matched by an equivalent political leverage, despite EU's efforts in influencing regional political developments, mainly the ones regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Departing from this context, the article critically engages with the literature and presents avenues for further inquiry on this topic. Adapted from the source document.

Since the promulgation of Cotonou Agreements between the European Union and the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Countries (ACP) the application of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA) has been deeply controversial. Analysts and organizations questioned the accords on spirit and letter, considering them potentially damaging to the process of sustainable development of the ACP. This article identifies and analyses the problems that became apparent during the agreements negotiations, taking into account the arguments raised by all parties concerned. Adapted from the source document.

The present article analyses the writing, edition and diffusion of the Memories of the Duke of Sully. With that in mind, the first section refers to the context in which the work was made; the second presents general characteristics of the European confederation; and the third describes discrepancies of its versions. The fourth, fifth and sixth sections studies the chronology and the stages of the writing, the changes made in the manuscripts and their diffusion; the seventh examines the debate on the historical primacy of the Memories. The article tries to reconstruct the conditions that determine the elaboration and reception of the first Pan-European project. Adapted from the source document.