Suchergebnisse

Рассматривается позиция Европейского Союза (ЕС) относительно своей внешнеполитической деятельности в меняющейся геополитической обстановке. Анализируются вызовы, связанные с этим геополитическим контекстом, и то, как ЕС на них реагирует и отставивает свою точку зрения. Рассматривается роль ЕС и его развитие с учетом внешнеполитического взаимодействия. Используется рефлективистский подход, являющийся фундаментальным для понимания политики и рассматривающий внешнюю политическую деятельность как с материальной, так и с нематериальной точки зрения. Основное внимание уделяется эволюции внешней политики ЕС в отношении странсоседей. Особый акцент делается на Европейской политике добрососедства и прежде всего на таком ее аспекте, как «Восточное партнерство». ; This article aims at understanding how the European Union (the EU) has been positioning itself regarding its foreign policy agenda in a changing geopolitical context. It analyses the challenges associated to this geopolitical context and how the EU has been responding and positioning itself in face of these challenges. It discusses the actorness of the EU and how this has been developing with a particular focus on its foreign policy. It follows a reflexivist approach looking at foreign policy from both a material and immaterial perspective, fundamental for understanding policies and actions. The article focuses on the evolution of the EU foreign policy towards its neighbours, with a particular emphasis on the European Neighbourhood Policy (the ENP), and the most particularly its Eastern Partnership (the EaP) dimension.

Maintaining a certain level of biodiversity is essential to preserve ecosystemic functions. Conservation of biodiversity is a matter of great importance for the well-being of ecosystems and humans dependent on them. 130 world leaders committed to significantly reduce biodiversity loss before 2010 during the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. This goal is supported and prioritized by a number of significant policy documents among which are Strategy for Sustainable Development endorsed by EU leaders in Gothenburg in 2001, The Sixth Environment Action Programme and Lisbon Strategy. ; Проект № 2016-2592/001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE, при финансовой поддержке Европейской Комиссии

Ключевые слова: внешняя политика; Европейский союз; стратегия; Центральная Азия. = Keywords: Central Asia; European Union; foreign policy; strategy. ; Автор делает попытку проанализировать текущую ситуацию в системе взаимоотношений между Европейским союзом (ЕС) и странами Центральной Азии. Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена тем, что в 2019 г. должна быть принята новая стратегия ЕС по отношению к Центральной Азии. Центральная Азия представляет собой формирующийся регион. Прошедшие годы после распада СССР стали периодом становления новых независимых государств. В эти годы сформировалась внешняя политика стран региона, определилась геополитическая конфигурация. Европейский союз является значимым игроком. Влияние ЕС на ситуацию в Центральной Азии достаточно серьезно и определяется тремя аспектами, такими как экономика, безопасность и поддержка демократических преобразований. ; The author tries to analyse the current situation in st of relations between the European Union and Central Asia. The relevance of this research is due to the fact that a new EU strategy should be adopted in relation to Central Asia in 2019. The article shows that Central Asia is a new emerging region. The past years after the dissolution of the USSR became the period of the new independent states formation. As well as the recent foreign policy of Central Asian States and geopolitical configuration formed at this time. The European Union is an important actor. The European Union's influence in Central Asia is great and defines through such aspects as economy, security and support of democracy.

Рассматриваются исследования российских ученых по внешней политике Европейского союза (ЕС) в отношении Российской Федерации, анализируются взгляды российских исследователей на причины возникающих трудностей в двусторонних отношениях. The article surveys Russian scholars' research dedicated to the European Union foreign policy towards Russian Federation. The analysis of the causes of difficulties in the bilateral relations as well as efforts to search for practical results in the sphere of constructive cooperation between Russian and the EU is represented in the article.

The handbook contains teaching materials for the courses developed by Nizhnevartovsk State University's teaching staff within the framework of Jean Monnet Modules implementation. The projects were supported in 2016. International scientific and educational activity is one of the most important indicators of higher educational institutions effective work in Russia. The necessary scientific and educational basis for international grant implementation projects has been created in Nizhnevartovsk State University (NVSU). Following the results of the 2nd Erasmus+ competition within the framework of Jean Monnet Activities, scientific and methodical seminar was held, at which teaching materials' presentations of supported Jean Monnet Module projects were submitted: - The European Union Social Policy. Academic coordinator: Lala Yakubova. - Interaction of environment and human health: Experience of the European Union. Academic coordinator: Denis Pogonishev, Irina Pogonisheva. The courses are implemented with the financial support of the European Commission in the framework of supported Jean Monnet Modules: The European Union Social Policy, 574865-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE and Interaction of environment and human health: Experience of the European Union, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE. The content of this material reflects the authors' opinion; the European Commission is not responsible for the use of the information contained therein. Курсы осуществляются при финансовой поддержке Европейской комиссии в рамках поддерживаемых модулей Жана Монне: Социальная политика Европейского союза, 574865-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE и Взаимодействие окружающей среды и здоровья человека: Опыт Европейского Союза, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE. Работа программа для курса « Окружающая среда и здоровье человека: опыт ЕС » разработана в рамках модуля Жана Моне « Взаимодействие окружающей среды и здоровья человека : Опыт Европейского Союза », 574826- EPP -1-2016-1- RU - EPPJMO - МОДУЛЬ . Этот курс является частью учебных ...

The article deals with the features of contemporary political development of Serbia, including the main areas of cooperation with the European Union (EU). Since the early 2000s the strategic priority of the country's foreign policy is participation in the European integration process, which is accompanied by support of consistent and pragmatic relations with the other key partners, primarily with Russia. The principle of multi-vector foreign policy has been developed since the fi rst half of the 2010s, but its use is treated with the lack of uniqueness by different social strata and political movements. Mechanisms of acceleration or slowing down the integration process are used by offi cial Brussels depending on the current aims and political conjuncture (for example, to weaken Russian infl uence in the country and in the region). However, despite the success achieved on the path to the EU accession and the favorable dynamics of negotiation process, the level of support of pro-European policy has been decreasing in Serbian society since the end of the 2000s. The main challenges of the near future, in addition to the growth of euroscepticism, include problems of institutional harmonization with the EU and the compliance with the Copenhagen criteria, the enforcement of the Brussels agreement with Pristina, as well as maintaining of balanced foreign policy.

The author analyses the European Union's foreign policy in Central Asia. He indicates the basic tendencies of development of the EU cooperation with the countries of Central Asian region. Further, the author analyzes the implementation of joint projects within the framework adopted by the Partnership Agreements. Based on a critical analysis, the researcher highlights a number of constraints to effective development of relations between the EU and Central Asian states. He carries out a structural analysis of conceptual documents of the European Union for the development of bilateral and multilateral relations with Central Asian countries in the region.

Scientific novelty of this work lies in the systematization of stages in the evolution of relations between the European Union and the countries of Central Asia. The author divides the formation of cooperation into four main stages.

The first stage of the relations between the EU and the countries of Central Asia includes conceptual framework of the legal regulatory structure of bilateral and multilateral cooperation.

The second stage is characterized by the realization of a number of joint projects in the field of transport communications, democratic transformations, regional security and stability.

The third stage of the relations is determined by acquiring of special geographical significance of the region of Central Asia resulting from the engagement of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan in 2001.

The fourth stage has begun in 2015 with the adoption of the EU Strategy for a New Partnership with Central Asia for 2017-2021.

These studies serve as a basis for developing some important proposals and recommendations for the improvement of the effectiveness of cooperation between the parties.

We strive to show the direction of the Georgian foreign policy, which is fully oriented towards European integration and economic development. The focus of Georgia's foreign policy is shifting to the EU region. European integration into the economic and political space is the main direction of Georgia's development. Today, integration processes between Georgia and the European Union are going on in such areas as economy, politics, and security. The undoubted political significance of rapprochement with the EU is connected, first of all, with Georgia's concern for security. Development in a peaceful and stable environment is not only the national interest of Georgia, but also the priority of the entire civilized world. In this regard, the coincidence of interests of Georgia and the Western world is obvious. Georgia's cooperation with the European Union began in the 1990s. The first official agreement signed in 1992 with the EU and regulating the priority areas of cooperation was the 1999 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. Georgia adopted the European Neighborhood Policy Action Plan in 2006, the Eastern Partnership Communiqué was signed in 2008 and the Mobility Partnership Joint Declaration was signed in 2009. The Association Agreement signed in 2014 is an important milestone for Georgia on the path to EU integration. The agreement is basically an action plan for the modernization of the country, it provides for the strengthening of democratic institutions and the promotion of economic growth.

Данная статья посвящена исследованию политики Европейского союза в отношении Китая в 19952005 гг. Особое внимание уделяется эволюции внешнеполитического курса организации от провозглашения политики конструктивного вовлечения Китая до установления между ними стратегического партнерства. В статье рассматриваются основные направления сотрудничества ЕС и КНР, анализируются позиции сторон к выстраиванию стратегического партнерства. Посредством оказания поддержки Китаю в проведении всесторонних реформ и углубления двусторонних отношений Европейский союз рассчитывал, что эта азиатская страна станет его надежным партнером по решению целого ряда вопросов. В целом КНР приветствовала инициативы ЕС, поскольку была заинтересована в расширении своего экспорта, увеличении притока иностранных инвестиций и получении передовых технологий. Однако в действительности выстраивание взаимодействия с Китаем стало большим вызовом для интеграционного объединения. Таким образом, делается вывод, что недостаточная согласованность внешнеполитических действий как на национальном, так и на общеевропейском уровне, влияние со стороны США в значительной степени подрывали роль ЕС в отношениях с КНР. Кроме того, по мере усиления экономической и политической мощи Китая становилось очевидным, что страна не намерена испытывать на себе влияние извне. ; This article deals with the evolution of the European Union Foreign Policy to-wards China in the period 1995–2005. The focus of the research is to examine the development of the EU"s interaction with China from the adoption of the policy of constructive engagement in the mid-1990s to the establishment of the strategic partnership. The article presents main directions of the EU–China cooperation, examines the attitudes of the both players towards the development of the strategic partnership. The EU expected that through providing support for China"s reforms this country would become a reliable partner of the European Union in resolving a number of is-sues. In general, China welcomed the initiatives of the European Union, as it was interested in expanding its exports sales, increasing the flow of foreign investment and obtaining advanced technology from the EU. Besides, the emergence of the EU as a global actor also met the interests of the PRC, Consequently, it is concluded that the competitions among member states pre-vented better coordination of the EU efforts and therefore undermined a coherent foreign policy towards China. Besides, China"s economic growth represented a huge opportunities as well as a great challenge for the EU. Furthermore, the lack of coordination at the national level and the lack of coordination at the EU level as well as the US factor had negative impact of the formation of EU foreign policy towards China.

Раздел "Международные отношения" ; Одной из характерных особенностей мирового хозяйства на рубеже тысячелетий являются глубокие геополитические изменения, обусловленные разрушением социалистической системы и развернувшимися коренными социально-экономическими преобразованиями во многих странах Центральной и Восточной Европы. В связи с интеграционными процессами в Европе особую актуальность приобретает анализ функционирования туристского комплекса стран ЦВЕ в новых условиях, в пределах единого европейского туристского пространства. В этом контексте важны определение места туризма в экономике, оценка структурных изменений в туристском комплексе новых независимых стран, а также оценка региона. Учитывая, что страны ЦВЕ являются самыми популярными направлениями выезда туристов Беларуси, особую актуальность представляет туристическая политика, реализуемая странами региона. На сегодняшний день этот туристский мезорегион является самым перспективным с точки зрения организации международного туризма. В связи с этим в статье рассматриваются особенности развития туризма в странах ЦВЕ. Закономерности развития туризма в этих странах существенно отличаются от направлений движения туристского комплекса стран СНГ. Автор обращает внимание не только на тенденции развития туризма в странах ЦВЕ после вхождения в Европейский союз, но и на механизмы реализации в них качественно обновленной туристской политики. = One of the main features of the global economy at the turn of the millenium is a dramatic global shift caused by the collapse of the world socialist system and further significant changes in many countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The recent integration processes in Europe give special topicality to the analysis of the performance of the tourism system of these countries in the new conditions of a single European tourism space. Thus, it is important within this context to evaluate structural changes in the tourism systems of the newly independent states, to determine the role of tourism in the country's economy as well as to evaluate its regional future. Special tourism policy implemented by the countries of the region is especially important considering that Central and Eastern Europe countries are the most popular directions of Belarusian tourism. Today this tourist mesoregion is most promising from the point of view of international tourism development. This article focuses on exploration of peculiarities of development of international tourism in Central and Eastern Europe. The regularities of tourism development in these countries differ greatly from the directions along which the CIS member-states tourism is developing. The author draws attention not only to the trends of development of tourism in Central and Eastern Europe countries after their acceding to the European Union but also to the mechanisms of implementation of radically updated tourism policy in these countries.