Suchergebnisse

The European continent, under the urge of the events generated by the process of building Europe that has led to an enlargement of the external European Union borders towards the east, undergoes a process of alteration. No matter on which side of the EU border they may be, the citizens of the European countries are entitled to enjoy the fruit of welfare, security and freedom. The development of a coherent neighbourhood policy in Brussels becomes an imperative resulting from the need for communication and cooperation amongst people and countries.
No matter the view on the European Union external border, the dialogue on all levels of the society through the means of inter-university cooperation is a factor providing the communication needed for good neighbourhood. Thus, the stiff borders fade away. By setting up a university network comprising both partners from within and outside the European Union, a bond is established over the external border of the community. From this point of view, inter-university cooperation at the external borders of the European community turns into a promoter of good neighbourhood values.

Analyzes the political & organizational dimensions of the evolution of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) & United Left (IU) by examining PCE & IU behavior between 1986 & 2000. The organizational scope focuses on formation & development strategy & the political scope examines the strategies taken towards the PSOE, their main electoral competitor, & towards CC OO, their traditional union ally. Factors that affected the strategies of PCE & IU, mainly the influence of electoral competition & internal organizational dynamics, are identified. Adapted from the source document.

The European Charter of Local Self-Government is, so far, the first and most important international political tool which guarantees the development of decentralization of public power and local autonomy. It represents the commitment of the Council of Europe's member country to promote in the internal organization of their states, a new distribution of functions and powers in order to support the development of subnational levels.
In carrying out the delimitation process of responsibilities between levels of public power's achievement we should start from the provisions of The European Charter of Local Self-Government which is based on institutional practices and structures, tested for decades in dozen of European countries. That means rationing, giving up improper structures, which would result the removing of the vertical power and as consequence the demolition of foundations on which inefficiency and corruption are based on. The necessity of transferring the resources and powers to the local level is dictated by a vital imperative – the strengthening of local public authorities' capacities and potential in order to locally provide a maximum volume of qualitative public services. This requires creating a clear and simple demarcation algorithm of responsibilities between the levels of exercise of public power.

There are examined the issues related to cross-border cooperation of local communities in the Republic of Moldova. It is examined the European and national regulatory framework on cross-border cooperation. There are examined the opportunities of local communities' cooperation from the Republic of Moldova within Euroregions. It is, also, elucidated the negative impact of the Counter-Reformation from 2003 on cross-border cooperation.

Cuando Cuba entra en el año 2022, se avecinan crisis económicas y tensiones sociales. Este capítulo hace un recorrido por las dificultades externas que interactúan con los asuntos domésticos de la isla y los refuerzan. Más allá de la situación inmediata, reflexiona sobre las restricciones y las presiones internacionales subyacentes que configurarán las opciones para la nación cubana durante la próxima década. El análisis abarca las relaciones de Cuba con los Estados Unidos y con la Unión Europea, así como con Venezuela, México, China, Rusia y Canadá, y plantea en qué medida las vacunas contra la COVID-19 fabricadas en Cuba pueden relanzar la proyección del poder blando del país. Desde una perspectiva comparada, el régimen isleño y su perfil internacional siguen siendo en muchos sentidos diferentes de cualquier otro, y los esquemas predictivos basados en analogías falsas corren el riesgo de inducir a errores.

Public access to accurate and reliable information is vital for democracies and the media play a key role in informing citizens about the political process. While a large body of research shows that media exposure influences electoral behavior, less is known about the factors that shape people's propensity to actively search information about politics in the media. Based on explanatory models of political participation and using public opinion survey data, the results show that material endowments and education along with motivational variables largely explain why some people are more prone to seek political information in the media. The results illustrate the importance of defining media exposure to political messages as a form of cognitive involvement in politics as this analytical strategy provides valuable insights into the socio-economic inequalities that bias public access to information.

From August 2009 and till present, the Republic of Modova is governed by the "pro-European" coalitions. This period has been marked by instability and, the governments have succeeded very often. The purpose of the study is to investigate the content of government programmes regarding the territorial organization of the local government. There were analyzed the actions that are tangent/relevant to the territorial organization of the public power. Also, the election programs of the electoral contestants, that in the 2014 parliamentary elections have passed the electoral threshold, have been examined.

Efficient functioning of the local government depends on its territorial organization, which must correspond to the objective needs of building public power structures, capable of responding, in line with European standards, to the new political, social, economic and cultural realities in which located Republic of Moldova.
To investigate the phenomenon and identify efficient solutions was proposed to change the paradigm of investigation the phenomenon. It affirms the necessity to abandon the paradigm of an administrative-territorial organization and adopt a paradigm for the territorial organization of public power. In this sense, a theoretical-conceptual and methodological basis was elaborated in the domain of the territorial organization of the public power, in general, and in the local one in particular.

El presente estudio documenta los principales avances en tres ámbitos: el institucional, el de la generación de conocimiento científico y el de los proyectos de adaptación frente al cambio climático en el Perú. Asimismo, mediante un análisis de caso en la cordillera Blanca, se evidencian las posibles limitaciones que pueden enfrentar los proyectos de adaptación cuando se implementan desde una mirada sectorial carente de suficiente información física y social. A partir de estas evidencias, se discute la importancia de estudiar los ecosistemas de montaña desde el concepto de cambio global y se identifican tres retos para la adaptación efectiva en el Perú: a) compatibilizar las activida¬des productivas y los modos de vida con la realidad hidrológica; b) elaborar y ejecutar proyectos de adaptación que tomen en cuenta la realidad física y social en su ámbito de estudio, así como las realidades externas; y c) integrar investigaciones físicas y sociales en las políticas públicas. El análisis de estos retos promueve una reflexión espacial y temporal sobre la necesidad de contar con una política multisectorial peruana que no solo responda o implemente proyectos de adaptación tomando en cuenta las realidades y necesidades de las poblaciones de los ecosistemas de montaña, sino que también compatibilice los proyectos aguas abajo —proyectos de irrigación, suministros de agua potable para las ciudades, trasvases, entre otros— con la realidad hídrica de las cuencas, y los efectos actuales y futuros del cambio climático en los ecosistemas de montaña.

Aborda las consideraciones respecto de la metodología, la población, el enfoque y las restricciones de la investigación. Examina los procesos y los términos del debate. Analiza la información, centrándose en los actores principales: los estudiantes, sus comunidades y la Universidad. Retoma la acción del Estado respecto de los pueblos indígenas y las posibilidades que ofrece el Acuerdo Nacional para las políticas de Estado que vinculen equidad e interculturalidad.

Este es un balance de la producción de investigación relacionada con la violencia infantil, así como de las principales políticas y programas destinados a prevenirla o disminuirla. El documento se inicia con una presentación de las definiciones más utilizadas en el tema, y luego se discuten los factores de riesgo más recurrentes. Se reseñan también las consecuencias de la violencia infantil identificadas por la literatura sobre la salud, la educación y las conductas. Finalmente, se plantea una breve discusión acerca de las políticas y los programas. En todos los temas, se incorporan las investigaciones producidas tanto en el exterior como en el Perú.