Suchergebnisse

La tesi di dottorato "Unione Europea e Sanità" è uno studio sistematico del diritto alla salute e della protezione della sanità pubblica nell'ordinamento giuridico dell'Unione Europea. Il primo capitolo analizza le competenze sanitarie dell'Unione Europea, introdotte per la prima volta dal Trattato di Maastricht e definitivamente sistemate all'art. 168 TFUE. La norma identifica alcuni settori specifici nei quali l'Unione può agire e altri, quali l'organizzazione dei sistemi sanitari e la fornitura di cure mediche, che rimangono in capo agli Stati membri. Il secondo capitolo esamina le deroghe e le esigenze imperative connesse alla salvaguardia della salute nel mercato interno ed è suddiviso in tre sezioni dedicate alla libera circolazione delle merci, al diritto di stabilimento e alla libera prestazione dei servizi. Nella prima ci si è occupati dello sviluppo della legislazione farmaceutica. Nella seconda si sono analizzati il mutuo riconoscimento delle qualifiche professionali e le legislazioni statali che restringono il diritto di stabilimento degli operatori sanitari transfrontalieri. Nella terza si è rivolta l'attenzione alla mobilità dei pazienti che, attraverso la giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia, è stata trasfusa in un atto di diritto derivato. Il terzo capitolo si concentra sul ruolo del diritto alla salute nell'ordinamento giuridico dell'Unione Europea in considerazione del valore vincolante della Carta dei diritti fondamentali. Coerentemente, si è scelto di mantenere una struttura tripartita. Nella prima sezione, ci si interroga sull'esistenza di tale diritto alla luce dei pochi casi presenti. Nella seconda, lo si analizza per il tramite delle obbligazioni di proteggere, rispettare ed adempiere, enucleate attraverso alcuni strumenti internazionali e si verifica il ruolo del principio di non discriminazione in relazione all'accesso alle cure. Nella terza, infine, si verifica il ruolo del consenso informato rispetto alla sperimentazione clinica ed alla donazione di materiale biologico. ; The thesis aims at analysing the right to health and its protection in the legal order of the European Union. The first chapter assesses EU's health competences, introduced for the first time by the Maastricht Treaty and now codified into art. 168 TFEU. It identifies some specific sectors in which the EU can act and others, as the organisation of national health systems, that remain on the scope of domestic legislation. The second chapter examines health related derogations and mandatory requirements concerning the free moment of goods, the right of establishment and the freedom to provide services. For this reason it is divided into three sections. The first is devoted to pharmaceutical products. The second analyses the mutual recognition of medical qualifications and the domestic hindrance to the establishment of health operators. The third concerns patients' mobility and how the case law of the Court of Justice has been transposed in a piece of secondary legislation. Taking into consideration the binding value of the Charter of fundamental rights, the third chapter focuses on the role of the right to health in EU law. The structure is thus consistently threefold. The first section, in the light of the few cases so far appeared, questions the existence of the right to health. In the second one, it is analysed using some international conventions in order to assess the impact of the obligations to protect, to respect and to fulfil and, eventually, the link between the principle of non-discrimination vis-á-vis the access to healthcare. The last section examines the right to informed consent in clinical trials and the donation of biological materials.

This handbook is the result of three years of teaching European Union Transport Law to the law students of the University of Roma Tre.The course falls within the "Studying Law at Roma Tre" programme, which includes 14 classes entirely taught in English.Following these lines the handbook is divided into three modules, reflecting areas where the intervention of EU law has been most significant: air transport, rail transport, and passengers' rights. To each module we have annexed the most relevant judgments and decisions by the EU Courts and Commission which we found particularly useful to illustrate, from a practical point of view, the policies underlying EU transport law and the conflicting interests of the various stakeholders.Obviously there are other aspects which are touched by EU law, especially in the field of movement of goods, port infrastructures, and road safety, but we have preferred to focus, at least in this first edition, on the three aforementioned aspects.We hope that this primer – which is made available by Roma TrE-press to the whole European academic community on a freely accessible basis – will contribute to the development of the subject as a course offered to students who are and increasingly will be the main beneficiaries of the growing transport networks in the EU.

The growing human population inevitably entails various challenges associated with the deteriorating ecological situation, decline in public health, depletion of natural resources, increasing the cost of non-renewable energy sources, and food supply problems. Solutions are found via new pharmacological and medical preparations and technologies, food and feed additives and alternative energy sources. The paper briefly overviews the current biotechnologies of using microalgae in the food industry, agriculture and aquaculture, medicine and power production, describes the related technological and economic problems and their practical solutions implemented in the EU countries. ; "Interaction of Environment and Human Health: Experience of the European Union", with the reference number 2016-2592 / 001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE

Si presentano qui una selezione e un breve commento dei principali documenti europei e internazionali relativi al patrimonio culturale usciti fra il 2014 e il 2019. A selection and a brief commentary on the main European and international documents on cultural heritage published between 2014 and 2019 are presented here.

C'è molta discriminazione di genere nella società, che è suddiviso in diverse categorie come il divario salariale di genere, la differenza salariale e il divario retributivo di genere. La società genera molti stereotipi nella forza lavoro tra uomini e donne, razza, religione e così via, infatti,la ricchezza è la chiave per poter conoscere la quantità di disuguaglianza retributiva di genere, che ha un impatto psicologico e sociologico sulla vita delle persone. In questo ambito, spiegherò cos'è la teoria dei salari e le sue forme, e parlerò di come il divario retributivo di genere esista ancora nel mondo di oggi illustrando le cause e tipi di disuguaglianza di genere nell'Unione europea e nel mondo in generale.

Maintaining a certain level of biodiversity is essential to preserve ecosystemic functions. Conservation of biodiversity is a matter of great importance for the well-being of ecosystems and humans dependent on them. 130 world leaders committed to significantly reduce biodiversity loss before 2010 during the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. This goal is supported and prioritized by a number of significant policy documents among which are Strategy for Sustainable Development endorsed by EU leaders in Gothenburg in 2001, The Sixth Environment Action Programme and Lisbon Strategy. ; Проект № 2016-2592/001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE, при финансовой поддержке Европейской Комиссии

For several decades, the European Union has been steadily increasing its presence in Central Asian countries. The EU's interests in the region are due to a number of reasons, including the desire to expand its influence in the Central Asian countries, the high importance of the region as a transit corridor between Europe and China, the prospects for economic cooperation, and the importance of the region's energy potential. In May 2019 The European Union has presented a new Strategy for Central Asia, designed to intensify cooperation in a number of areas of interaction. The new strategy is aimed at both implementing these interests and expanding cooperation in a number of other areas.

The article evaluates the reasons behind the surge of interest in memory politics in EU countries in the last decade. The author analyses the current memory studies agenda, the mechanisms and instruments proposed for use at EU level to promote a common European identity, and the practices of representing a shared European past in public spaces that have emerged over the last few years (such as the permanent exhibition of House of European History in Brussels). The evaluation of new priorities on the memory politics agenda can help shed light on the difficulties and threats to further promote European solidarity based on a common memory, especially having in mind the drastic consequences of the 2020 pandemic crisis. One can foresee the advancement of national and regional models of memory politics to the frontline of identity politics in Europe. The research is based on the analysis of discourses reflecting the changing memory politics agenda aimed at consolidating a common European space where Russia is considered as the alien Other. Empirical data was collected by the author during her visits to European museums and memory sites representing the history and the current state of the European integration project. This was complemented by the analysis of digital library and archive resources and expert reports dedicated to memory politics and identity policies in the EU. ; Анализируются причины актуализации и исследовательская повестка дня политики памяти в странах Евросоюза. Рассматриваются механизмы и инструменты политики памяти, которые используются на уровне ЕС для формирования европейской идентичности, возможные перспективные формы и новые практики репрезентации общего прошлого в публичном пространстве (такие как музейная экспозиция Дома европейской истории в Брюсселе). Выявлены новые приоритеты политики памяти и дана оценка трудностей и системных препятствий, которые встают на пути укрепления европейской солидарности и идентичности в условиях острейшего кризиса 2020 г., связанного с распространением пандемии. Обоснован вывод о выдвижении национальных и региональных моделей политики памяти на передний край политики идентичности в странах ЕС. Исследование построено на анализе дискурсов, отражающих меняющуюся повестку дня и практики реализации политики памяти, направленной на поддержание общего европейского политического пространства, в том числе на использование образа России как чуждого Другого. Эмпирические данные собраны и обобщены автором по итогам изучения новых выставочных пространств и мест памяти, представляющих историю и современное состояние европейского интеграционного проекта, а также анализа контента цифровых платформ и экспертных аналитических материалов, посвященных реализации культурных и образовательных проектов под эгидой ЕС.

Раздел "Международные экономические отношения" ; Данная статья посвящена характеристике моделей экономической интеграции и их эффективности в зависимости от экономических, институциональных и политических условий. Рассматриваются понятия формальных и неформальных моделей экономической интеграции, внутренней и транснациональной интеграции, характеризуются состояние и перспективы формальной модели интеграции Европейского союза, влияния интеграционных процессов расширения и углубления интеграции на экономическое развитие стран — членов Сообщества. = This article is dedicated to the models of economic integration and their efficiency, depending on the economic, institutional and political conditions. The concepts of formal and informal models of economic integration, internal and transnational integration are considered, the state and prospects of a formal integration model of the European Union are characterized, as well as the impact of the integration processes of expanding and deepening integration on the economic development of the member states of the Union.