Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the research of a topical and debatable issue regarding the basic aspects of the status of an employee in the European Union, which includes employment of citizens of the European Union and employment of third-country nationals who are not members of the European Union. Particular attention is paid to the issue of illegal labor migration in the European Union in the context of current and integration processes and their impact on the current economic situation in the EU. Every year, the phenomenon of labor migration becomes more relevant, because of the poor economic situation in many countries people are forced to seek employment in other countries and emigrate. But the conditions for such persons are different. For example, for emigrants from other countries of the European Union they will be more or less the same, while for emigrants from third countries they will be completely different. There are many conflicts and disputes and, also there is discrimination, which significantly inhibits the legal status of expatriate workers. Such workers face a lot of barriers with regard to their housing during the period of work, working conditions, salaries, moving their families with them, educating children, moving around the territory of the European Union, desire to stay in the future in the European Union. Most of the issues remain unresolved, which has a very negative effect on emigrant workers. The absence of the rule of law that would regulate this issue binds hands of such a category of people, restricts them in fundamental rights and freedoms, in actions and decisions, which is a direct violation. Nowadays the implementation of the legal status of migrant workers in the European Union is underdeveloped, imperfect, and not uniform for all countries. There is also no well-defined mechanism of legal regulation of labor migration in the works of scientists. So this issue requires a thorough analysis and search for solutions to this problem. In this article we will try to explore the ...

The purpose of the article is to determine the nature and positions of the British government, political parties of Great Britain, EU member states, the British community and the world community regarding the future membership of the UK in the European Union.The following main tasks are set here: analysis of the vision of the future of the EU and the place of the UK in it by the EU, the British government, supporters and opponents of EU membership (in particular public opinion on this issue). The author emphasizes the UK's special place in the EU: it is one of the EU member states that is not part of the euro area; Like Ireland, she refused to join the Schengen area; Great Britain is one of the main opponents of the introduction of the European Prosecutor's Office; she has a special position in the budgetary sphere. Features of the Brussels summit of 2016 are considered. It is proved that as a result of the Brussels summit, Great Britain has received a special status that will allow its citizens to finally decide on a referendum on the future membership of the UK in the European Union. According to the Brussels agreement, London refused to participate in the policy of an "ever closer union", which was assumed by existing EU agreements. According to the reached compromises, London can not "be obliged to further political integration." Therefore, the paragraphs on the "ever closer union" in the European agreements will henceforth not affect the UK. The Brussels agreement on the special status of the UK in the EU provides for equal rights for the United Kingdom with other EU members, but smaller responsibilities, a signed agreement will come into effect if the British vote in favor of the EU in a referendum. If they oppose, then there will be no deal either, because the UK will withdraw from the EU. But citizens, giving their votes in a referendum, will know that they vote for staying in the EU with a special status. The author concludes that the secession of Great Britain for the EU will mean the loss of its authority, connections in the world and the beginning of theprocess of disintegration, and the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU can become the beginning of the end of this supranational organization. Therefore, in order to preserve the integrity of the EU, it is necessary to find answers to a set of challenges facing it. ; Метою статті є визначення характеру і позицій британського уряду, політичних партій Великобританії, країн-учасниць ЄС, британської спільноти та світової громадськості щодо майбутнього членства Великобританії в Євросоюзі. Тут поставлені такі основні завдання: аналіз бачення майбутнього ЄС та місця Великобританії в ньому з боку ЄС, уряду Великобританії, прихильників і противників перебування в ЄС (зокрема громадської думки з цього питання). Автор підкреслює особливе місце Великобританії в ЄС: вона є однією з дев'яти країн-членів ЄС, яка не входить до єврозони; поряд з Ірландією, вона відмовилася вступати до Шенгенської зони; Британія є одним із головних противників введення інституту Європейської прокуратури; їй властива особлива позиція в бюджетній сфері. Розглянуто особливості проведення брюссельського саміту 2016 р. Доведено, що у результаті брюссельського саміту Великобританія отримала особливий статус, який надасть можливість її громадянам остаточно визначитися на референдумі щодо майбутнього членства Великобританії в Євросоюзі. Згідно брюссельської угоди Лондон відмовився від участі в політиці "дедалі тіснішого союзу", яку передбачали наявні угоди щодо ЄС. Згідно з досягнутим компромісом, Лондон не можна "зобов'язувати до подальшої політичної інтеграції". Тож пункти щодо "дедалі тіснішого союзу" у європейських угодах віднині не стосуватимуться Великобританії. Брюссельська угода про особливий статус Великобританії в ЄС, передбачає рівні для Об'єднаного Королівства права з іншими членами ЄС, але менші обов'язки, підписана наперед угода вступить в силу, якщо на референдумібританці висловляться за ЄС. Якщо вони висловляться проти, то й угоди ніякої не буде, тому що Великобританія вийде з Євросоюзу. Але громадяни, віддаючи свої голоси на референдумі, вже будуть знати, що голосують за те, щоб залишитися в ЄС з особливим статусом. Авторка робить висновок,що сецесія Британії для ЄС означатиме втрату свого авторитету, зв'язків у світі і початок процесу розпаду, а вихід Сполученого королівства зі складу ЄС може стати початком кінця цієїнаднаціональної організації. Тому для збереження цілісності ЄС потрібно знайти відповіді на комплекс викликів, які постали перед ним.

In this paper the author discusses the European Union law as an autonomous legal order independent of international law (which is however part of that law, but stand-alone). The EU system of law named the acquis communautaire binds its members. European Union law consists of primary law and secondary law also called a derivative. In this paper the impact of the principle of primacy of EU law into national law of the Member States is presented, as well as the matter of State liability under EU law intended to ensure the full and effective protection of such a law. Scientific description analyzing finds support primarily in the case law of the ECJ, the Polish Constitutional Court, as well as the relevant provisions of Polish law and the European Union.The author stresses the importance of the accomplishment the obligations coming from memberships European Union. In fact, Member States are obliged to ensure that their citizens can apply EU law, but also the effectiveness of the that law in the area rights of the individual. However, the principle of the responsibility still remains problematic. The European Union has created the entire set of measures in order to ensure full and effective protection of aimed at the protection of EU citizens, which is also capable by institution liability of a Member State for breach of EU law. Procedure of breach by a Member State its obligations is governed by art. 258 -260 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The essay discusses closely the procedure that applies to the situation of committing breaches of the obligations that the Member States under the treaties. In that cases, the breach by a Member State its obligations arising from EU membership and provided by the law of the European Union, may lead to the initiation of proceedings by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). ; Застосування права Європейського Союзу державами-членами ЄС породило багато проблем. Особливо викликає спори принцип пріоритетного права Європейського Союзу. Законодавство Європейського Союзу, визначене як acquis communautaire, для держав-членів ЄС є обов'язковим. Законодавство Європейського Союзу є автономним порядком, який не залежить від національного права (є частиною цього права, але автономною).

The article is devoted to the analysis of the processes that form the basis of the European Bar, the study of the basics of legal regulation of European lawyers at the national and supranational levels to update the modern model of legal support of advocacy in Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the need to transform domestic legal norms and bring them in line with European legal requirements for the legal profession. It is emphasized that the entire system of European Union law testifies to the autonomy of the legal profession, its independence and self-government. Emphasis is placed on the priority of guaranteeing the right to practice legal self-government. It has been found that the uniqueness of the EU lies in the fact that it includes states with specific legal systems. The European Bar is an important institution, the regulation of which is carried out at the national and supranational level of legal regulation. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the General Code of Rules for Advocates developed by the Council of Advocates and Law Societies of Europe. This code constitutes a system of rules that are decisive for bar associations. These rules are clearly correlated with the system of basic tasks performed by lawyers as members of a bar association. It has been found that the bar of the EU is a powerful self-governing organization with an extensive system of self-governing bodies. Such a system is able to ensure the effective operation of the legal profession, training of lawyers and advanced training, quality of legal services, adherence to legal ethics and corporate culture of lawyers, timely disciplinary action for violations in the professional activities of lawyers. It is noted that the system of bar self-government bodies of the European Union is quite heterogeneous. The primary level of self-governing institutions is formed depending on the judicial districts (districts of the Tribunals of the first instance). In many countries, membership of bar associations (chambers or orders of ...

The growing human population inevitably entails various challenges associated with the deteriorating ecological situation, decline in public health, depletion of natural resources, increasing the cost of non-renewable energy sources, and food supply problems. Solutions are found via new pharmacological and medical preparations and technologies, food and feed additives and alternative energy sources. The paper briefly overviews the current biotechnologies of using microalgae in the food industry, agriculture and aquaculture, medicine and power production, describes the related technological and economic problems and their practical solutions implemented in the EU countries. ; "Interaction of Environment and Human Health: Experience of the European Union", with the reference number 2016-2592 / 001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE

Maintaining a certain level of biodiversity is essential to preserve ecosystemic functions. Conservation of biodiversity is a matter of great importance for the well-being of ecosystems and humans dependent on them. 130 world leaders committed to significantly reduce biodiversity loss before 2010 during the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. This goal is supported and prioritized by a number of significant policy documents among which are Strategy for Sustainable Development endorsed by EU leaders in Gothenburg in 2001, The Sixth Environment Action Programme and Lisbon Strategy. ; Проект № 2016-2592/001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE, при финансовой поддержке Европейской Комиссии

For several decades, the European Union has been steadily increasing its presence in Central Asian countries. The EU's interests in the region are due to a number of reasons, including the desire to expand its influence in the Central Asian countries, the high importance of the region as a transit corridor between Europe and China, the prospects for economic cooperation, and the importance of the region's energy potential. In May 2019 The European Union has presented a new Strategy for Central Asia, designed to intensify cooperation in a number of areas of interaction. The new strategy is aimed at both implementing these interests and expanding cooperation in a number of other areas.

The study focuses on changes made to the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine" for the purpose of implementing accounting standards to the European Union directives. The object of the research paper is accounting in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state and development trends of accounting in Ukraine in the context of the implementation of European legislation. Research methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, idealization and generalization are used to analyze the changes introduced into the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine". Today, Ukraine is moving actively towards the implementation of European legislation into domestic practice, including standards of accounting and financial reporting. Successful implementation of European legislation into domestic accounting practice, first and foremost, requires clarification of differences in accounting and financial reporting. The amendments made to the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine" will promote harmonization of national legislation in the field of accounting and financial reporting with the legislation of the European Union countries and the International Financial Reporting Standards. The changes introduced will provide the basis for raising accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine to a qualitatively new level that will enable effective management decision- making by domestic business entities. The results obtained are the basis for accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine, in accordance the norms of the European Union directives. The research results may be used all economic entities in Ukraine in different sectors of the economy.

The article evaluates the reasons behind the surge of interest in memory politics in EU countries in the last decade. The author analyses the current memory studies agenda, the mechanisms and instruments proposed for use at EU level to promote a common European identity, and the practices of representing a shared European past in public spaces that have emerged over the last few years (such as the permanent exhibition of House of European History in Brussels). The evaluation of new priorities on the memory politics agenda can help shed light on the difficulties and threats to further promote European solidarity based on a common memory, especially having in mind the drastic consequences of the 2020 pandemic crisis. One can foresee the advancement of national and regional models of memory politics to the frontline of identity politics in Europe. The research is based on the analysis of discourses reflecting the changing memory politics agenda aimed at consolidating a common European space where Russia is considered as the alien Other. Empirical data was collected by the author during her visits to European museums and memory sites representing the history and the current state of the European integration project. This was complemented by the analysis of digital library and archive resources and expert reports dedicated to memory politics and identity policies in the EU. ; Анализируются причины актуализации и исследовательская повестка дня политики памяти в странах Евросоюза. Рассматриваются механизмы и инструменты политики памяти, которые используются на уровне ЕС для формирования европейской идентичности, возможные перспективные формы и новые практики репрезентации общего прошлого в публичном пространстве (такие как музейная экспозиция Дома европейской истории в Брюсселе). Выявлены новые приоритеты политики памяти и дана оценка трудностей и системных препятствий, которые встают на пути укрепления европейской солидарности и идентичности в условиях острейшего кризиса 2020 г., связанного с распространением пандемии. Обоснован вывод о выдвижении национальных и региональных моделей политики памяти на передний край политики идентичности в странах ЕС. Исследование построено на анализе дискурсов, отражающих меняющуюся повестку дня и практики реализации политики памяти, направленной на поддержание общего европейского политического пространства, в том числе на использование образа России как чуждого Другого. Эмпирические данные собраны и обобщены автором по итогам изучения новых выставочных пространств и мест памяти, представляющих историю и современное состояние европейского интеграционного проекта, а также анализа контента цифровых платформ и экспертных аналитических материалов, посвященных реализации культурных и образовательных проектов под эгидой ЕС.

In the scientific article the author investigates the issue of consumer protection in the activities of the European Union. The principle according to which the consumer of the European Union is a weaker party in the obligation is considered. The author analyzes the normative regulation of consumer protection in the European Union. It is shown that classification of consumer rights is supported by a large number of scientists, who divide them in general and special. The term "consumer" and similar terms in EU legislation are considered. The signs of the consumer are defined as categories of law and legislation of the EU. Legislative acts which regulate the application of law in the EU are investigated. Consumer agreement rule is analyzed, according to which the law of the country of origin of the consumer is subject to application. Exceptions to consumer agreements in the Regulation (EU) № 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) are highlighted. Regulatory legal acts which regulate the procedural issues of consumer protection in the EU, in particular Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 'On jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters', also entitled "Brussels I" have been investigated. Application of the Brussels I Regulation about consumer agreements has been researched. Alternative systems which are aimed at minimizing barriers for consumers in the access to justice have been analyzed. Legal regulation, object and content of the Alternative Dispute Resolution system have been investigation. Attention is also focused on the system of interactive dispute resolution, its scope of activities and content. Extra-judicial network of consumer rights protection and its constituent elements, in particular European Extra Judicial Network, ICPEN-Europe, the subgroup, which was set up by the European Commission, European Association for the Coordination of Consumer Representation in Standardization ...

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

The article raises the question of the development of transatlantic relations during the presidency of D. Trump. In this regard, the author examines the contradictions between the parties on defense, the Iranian "nuclear agreement", trade relations. Particular attention is paid to mutual understanding of the parties. A brief description of the behavior of the President of the United States in communications with the international community. It concludes on the prospects for the development of relations between the United States of America and the European Union in key areas. ; У статті ставиться питання про розвиток трансатлантичних відносин в період президентства Д. Трампа. У зв'язку з цим автор досліджує протиріччя сторін з питань забезпечення оборони, іранської «ядерної угоди», торгових відносин. Приділяється особлива увага взаєморозумінню сторін. Дається коротка характеристика-опис поведінки президента США в комунікаціях з міжнародним співтовариством. Робиться висновок про перспективи розвитку відносин між Сполученими Штатами Америки та Європейським Союзом за ключовими напрямами.

Раздел "Международные экономические отношения" ; Данная статья посвящена характеристике моделей экономической интеграции и их эффективности в зависимости от экономических, институциональных и политических условий. Рассматриваются понятия формальных и неформальных моделей экономической интеграции, внутренней и транснациональной интеграции, характеризуются состояние и перспективы формальной модели интеграции Европейского союза, влияния интеграционных процессов расширения и углубления интеграции на экономическое развитие стран — членов Сообщества. = This article is dedicated to the models of economic integration and their efficiency, depending on the economic, institutional and political conditions. The concepts of formal and informal models of economic integration, internal and transnational integration are considered, the state and prospects of a formal integration model of the European Union are characterized, as well as the impact of the integration processes of expanding and deepening integration on the economic development of the member states of the Union.