Suchergebnisse

Political development in the Indian States / by M. Weiner --Uttar Pradesh / by P.R. Brass -- Madhya Pradesh / Wayne Wilcox -- Maharashtra / by Ram Joshi -- Jammu and Kashmir / by Balraj Puri -- West Bengal / by Marcus F. Franda -- Rajasthan / by Lawrence L. Sharader -- Andhra Pradesh / by Hugh Gray -- Punjab / by Baldve Raj Nayar

The European Union has decided to get involved inthe global competition for highly skilled workers by adopting a new legal instrument: the Blue Card Directive. Nonetheless, two of the three Member states that do not participate in the application of the Directive have opted for a different approach, relying in the modelof the «points based systems» successfully applied by some third countries. The coexistence of alternative systems to attract qualified workers in the European migration arena poses several questions with regard to the effectiveness of both methods and to their effects in the construction of a common migration policy. After analyzing these issues, we will assess the extent to which the Directive offers a significant added value ; La Unión Europea ha decidido involucrarse en la competición internacional por la inmigración altamente cualificada a través de la Directiva Blue Card. No obstante, dos de los tres Estados miembros que quedan fuera de la aplicación de la Directiva han introducido sistemas de puntos, basándose en las experiencias positivas de terceros países en sus resultados para atraer este tipo de inmigración. Esta coexistencia de sistemas alternativos basados en presupuestos diferentes en la Unión Europea nos lleva a plantearnos qué sistema es el más efectivo en su función de atraer inmigración cualificada, y cuáles son los efectos de esta coexistencia en la política de inmigración común. A la vista de estas consideraciones, nos planteamos cuál es realmente el valor añadido de la directiva comunitaria

Máster Universitario en Asuntos Internacionales: Economía, Política y Derecho ; Los países que participan del experimento de integración supranacional que es la Unión Europea no son, ni mucho menos, homogéneos, como tampoco lo son sus intereses políticos. Siempre ha habido países que han impulsado una mayor, más profunda y/o más rápida integración en varios sectores, mientras que otros han preferido aproximarse con más cautela o recelo al tema, limitando claramente la integración a materias en las que la cesión de soberanía sea mínima. Para poder conjugar ambas visiones, los Estados han tenido que llegar a complejísimo acuerdos y compromisos, entre los cuales destacan los opt-outs. En este Trabajo, realizaremos un análisis detallado de cuáles son esos opt-outs vigentes y de los países y sectores a los que afectan, así como de su desarrollo histórico, su forma jurídica, y sus efectos. Terminaremos concluyendo que la pervivencia de los opt-outs es perjudicial no sólo para los intereses de la Unión Europea sino también, en varios sentidos, para los de los países que los ostentan. ; Countries participating in the supranational integration experiment the European Union is, are not, in any way, homogeneous, nor are their political interests. There have always been countries driving further, deeper, and/or quicker integration in several sectors, while others have preferred to have a more cautious, distrustful approach to the subject. In order to combine both visions, the States have been obliged to reach complex agreements and compromises, among which the opt-outs stand out. In this academic work, we will carry out a detailed analysis on what those opt-outs in force are and the countries and sectors affected by them, as well as their historical development, legal form, and effects. We will finish by concluding that the persistence of the opt-outs is detrimental not only for the interests of the European Union, but also, in several aspects, for those of the countries that hold them

GENERALIZATION ABOUT AFRICAN POLITICS IS MADE DIFFICULT BY THE EXTENT TO WHICH AFRICAN STATES DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES WHETHER IT IS NEVERTHELESS POSSIBLE TO UNDERSTAND AFRICAN STATES AS EXAMPLES OF THE SAME POLITICAL SYSTEM. IT ARGUES THAT BY COMPARING THE HISTORICAL PATTERNS OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICAN STATES, ONE CAN IDENTIFY A LIMITED NUMBER OF DISTINCT HISTORICAL PATHS. SUBSEQUENTLY DIVERGENT PATHS AROSE FROM DIFFERING RESPONSES TO EARLY POST-INDEPENDENCE POLITICAL CRISIS, PRODUCING CONTRASTING FORMS OF POLITICS AND CORRESPONDING POLITICAL SYSTEMS. FURTHER DIFFERENTIATION HAS ARISEN FROM POPULAR RESPONSES TO THE BREAKDOWN OF THESE FORMS. A MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN POST-WAR AFRICA IS SET OUT AND USED TO CRITICIZE SEVERAL RECENT ATTEMPTS AT CHARACTERIZATION OF AFRICAN POLITICS IN WHICH EITHER STATES BELONGING TO ONE HISTORICAL PATH ARE TREATED AS REPRESENTATIVE OF ALL AFRICAN STATES, OR IN WHICH STATES FROM DIFFERENT PATHS ARE SEEN AS EXAMPLES OF THE SAME POLITICAL PROCESS.

The article builds on Hallin & Mancini (2004) who have used a democratic corporatist model to analyze the media markets of several Northern and Central European countries, including Norway. An analysis of the Norwegian media market is presented, focusing on five key issue areas: changes in media usage, financing, technology, ownership and legislation. The analysis partially supports one of the key features of Hallin & Mancini's model, i.e. the fairly interventionist role of the Norwegian authorities in the media sector. This is nonetheless tempered by the high level of marketization in most issue areas examined. Overall, there is therefore some reason to argue that "market is king" in Norwegian media. ; Originally published in Informacijos mokslai: http://www.leidykla.vu.lt/en/journals/information-sciences/

This dissertation examines interpreter figures in European literature and film since the Second World War, from the implementation of simultaneous interpreting at the Nuremberg Trials to the growth of the European Union and the rise of a global information economy. I approach interpreting as an embodied act of translation, and the works I analyze explore the frictions that arise when an embodied subject is employed as a supposedly neutral medium of communication. In contrast to fantasies of instantaneous transfer and unlimited convertibility enabled by digital translation technologies, the interpreter's corporeality attests to the material and culturally specific aspects of linguistic communication within larger processes of international exchange. Working against a tradition of effacement, I investigate aesthetic representations that render the interpreter's body visible, audible, and even tangible, and thereby offer new possibilities for conceiving of translation as a multi-directional encounter rather than a form of hermeneutic extraction and transfer. This approach also highlights the gendered nature of interpreting as a form of intimate, affective service work, which is further figured in relation to traditional discourses of translators as potentially duplicitous women. Both Ingeborg Bachmann's short story "Simultan" (1968/72) and Rainer Werner Fassbinder's film Die Ehe der Maria Braun (1979) employ female interpreter figures to stage the ongoing relevance of Germany and Austria's National Socialist past to the historical moments in which they originated. While the protagonist of "Simultan" experiences historical and linguistic fragmentation as an instrumentalized "language machine," Maria Braun attempts to exercise agency through sexual, economic, and linguistic exchanges that are nonetheless constrained by larger social forces. In Yoko Tawada's novella Das Bad (1989) and novel Das nackte Auge (2004), the dangers of translation as hermeneutic violence are inscribed upon female bodies, yet these bodies also hold the potential for alternative forms of translation as a shared experience of encounter. Finally, Hans-Christian Schmid's film Lichter (2003) positions interpreters as key points of facilitation, friction, and intimate exchange within an unstable border zone.

The podcast of the School of Public Policy and the Department of Political Science at University College London. Through this podcast we plan to explore key themes of contemporary politics and spotlight some of the fantastic research that takes place within our department.