Suchergebnisse

The European project has, within only 52 years, achieved a surprising momentum, and the European Union is now approaching full statehood. This book presents a timely examination of what appears to be the emerging European State.

AbstractConstitutional lawyers and political scientists have described the European Union as a federation of states (fédération, Bund). They deny that federations generate a new union‐wide constituent authority besides the pouvoirs constituants of the member states. Habermas argues that federative constituent power lies with individuals in their dual roles as citizens of the several states and as citizens of the Union. I argue that from the perspective of democratic theory, this view is methodologically superior to other 'dualist' views of federative constituent power (J. Cohen), but go on to criticize it in two respects. It gives insufficient justification for the persistence of domestic pouvoirs constituants, and it reifies their defensive function.

This article describes the development of the European Federation of Psychology Students' Associations (EFPSA) since its formation in 1987 up to 2011. It concentrates on the history of the organization and its structure and how it has changed over the years to accommodate the growing number of students, countries, and projects involved. It introduces the ideal of the "EFPSA spirit," which is the experience of multiculturalism of the people and the friendships formed at various events. The article concludes with a view of the future of EFPSA.

Hannah Arendt'sThe Origins of Totalitarianismis a distinctively international history. It traces Nazism to a "collapse of the nation-state" across Europe, brought on by European anti-Semitism and European imperialism, rather than to specifically German developments. This essay recovers the political meaning of that methodological choice on Arendt's part, by documenting the surprising intersection between Arendt's involvement in political debates over postwar European reconstruction, where she made an intellectual alliance with Resistance groups across Europe and strongly argued for European federation, and her involvement in historiographical debates over the sources of Nazism. I show the explicit connection that Arendt drew between an internationalist historiography of Nazism and the need for an internationalist European politics, in a series of essays she wrote in the mid-1940s. I then argue that this connection continues to play a prominent role inOriginsitself, sharply differentiating Arendt from other prominent theorists of Nazism.

This chapter aims to put in the spotlight the role of the REScoop.eu federation in supporting the development of community-based energy initiatives and their recognition by dfferent audiences. In the first part, we recall the emergence of REScoops and their networking process at the European level. Then, we outline a number of roles taken by the network both internally (towards the members) and externally (towards the broader renewable energy field). Finally, we conclude by discussing the achievements and challenges of REScoop.eu and the broader development and promotion of community-based renewable energy at the international level. Through this type of "storytelling", we give insights into a European Union (EU)-funded action-oriented research project. ; Peer reviewed

The European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (EUFEPS) was founded 25 years ago by more than 20 national pharmaceutical societies and faculty members. As a pan-European organization, it brings together pharmaceutical societies as well as academic, industrial and regulatory scientists engaged in drug research and development, drug regulation and education of professionals working in these fields. EUFEPS represents pharmaceutical sciences in Europe and is recognized as such by both the European Commission and the European Medicines Agency. EUFEPS cooperates with the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and other European organizations and maintains global connections with agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. EUFEPS has established specified networks forming the basis of its activities. The creation of a Network on Veterinary Medicines is prompted by the manifold problems resulting from the use of veterinary drugs and its inherent interconnections with human medicine, environmental and public health. A long-term goal of this initiative was to expand the spectrum of available therapeutics for use in animals, including the development of innovative delivery systems.

Introduction: Radiographers can elect to work within many different modalities, one being ultrasound. Within Europe there are differing opinions about how much of a role radiographers should take in relation to the ultrasound examination, particularly report writing. This paper provides findings exploring the radiographer's views on working within sonography. Methods: In 2019 an electronic survey was disseminated to radiographer members by European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS) national radiographer societies, following a pilot study. A mix of closed questions, free text, and scale responses aimed to investigate radiographers' practice, legal responsibilities, report writing, educational level and experiences of support and mentoring. Results: Of 561 radiographers participating, most (92%) reported performing ultrasound scans. Challenges with legislation, medical protectionism and lack of high-quality education restricted other radiographers. On average, the respondents have practiced ultrasound for 13.5 years. A total of 60% had postgraduate education and carried out a wide range of examinations. A full interpretative report, including advice on further investigations is performed by 52%, whilst 22% provide a checklist or descriptive report. Over 55% of radiographers took legal responsibility for the examination and the majority had clear protocols, good mentoring and support in the workplace. Peer review of their work was less common. Conclusion: The result shows that in 21 (n = 25) countries radiographers perform ultrasound, however not without challenges. Educational levels range from no formal education or short courses to an MSc in ultrasound. Report writing practice differs across the EFRS countries responding to the survey, as does peer review to enhance skills and clinical practice. Implications for practice: National Radiographer societies could review findings to support campaigning for a change in legislation and improvements to educational offerings in ultrasound.

Introduction: Variability in non-medical ultrasound practice across Europe has been highlighted in studies. Meanwhile, advanced practice in radiography has undergone rapid development in the United Kingdom (UK). This survey aimed to review results relating to extended role and advanced practice skills, motivation and job satisfaction from a wider survey of radiographers undertaking ultrasound examinations across the European Federation of Radiographer Societies' (EFRS) community. Methods: Following a pilot study, a SurveyMonkey™ on-line questionnaire was disseminated to EFRS member societies to share with their members, and via social media platforms. Quantitative questions for this article related to extended and advanced practice skills, communication of results, job satisfaction, motivation and career development. Theme analysis was used to assess qualitative feedback concerning priorities for future developments within the ultrasound role. Results: There were 561 responses, mainly from the UK, Ireland and Spain (81%). The majority (83.4%) of UK sonographers communicate findings to patients, compared with 27.1% in other EFRS countries. More engage with teaching (UK = 90.1%, non-UK 72.9%) compared with activities in the other advanced practice domains. The lowest involvement was the research domain, with only 33% actively involved in research. Radiographers were motivated to undertake ultrasound to develop their knowledge and skills and assume more responsibility. Conclusion: Wide variations in ultrasound practice were seen across respondent countries. Generally, radiographers are happy with their ultrasound roles, although priorities include legislation for the sonographer role, remuneration, respect or support from medical colleagues, high quality education and role progression opportunities. Implications for practice: The findings provide a better understanding of radiographer views which can assist radiographer societies and local teams to develop strategies to enhance advanced practice skills development and career prospects in ultrasound.