Suchergebnisse

This is an in-depth look, including analysis of future hazards, at two lakes that are an important link in the Caspian-Baltic-White Sea waterway system. Their ecological state affects the water quality of the Neva River, the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea.

This book analyses ancient Greek federalism by focusing on one of the most organised and advanced Greek federal states, the Achaean Federation Sympoliteia. Unlike earlier studies that mainly focused on its political history, this book adopts an interdisciplinary approach, analysing aspects of the economic organization and institutions, and the political economy of the Achaean Federation, and combining these findings with political history. It also discusses the strategic choices made by significant historical figures such as generals Aratos and Philopoemen. The analysis of the Achaean Federation verifies the intertemporal federal axiom, which states that the success and viability of federal experiment is achieved when the benefits of participation for the member-states exceed the costs of conferring national sovereignty on supranational federal authorities. The book further argues that the Achaeans developed a system of sophisticated direct democratic procedures in decision-making on federal matters, as well as significant and highly sophisticated (for the era) economic institutions and federal practices, in order to achieve bonds of trust and legitimacy regarding their innovative federal structure. These practices included, among others, the creation of free market type economic institutions, a monetary union, federal budget, provision of public goods and a common defense and security policy for all the Achaean city-state members. Lastly, the book relates these findings to ideas on how the Achaean Federation would have dealt with a series of current global issues, such as European Union integration and problems such as Euroscepticism, Brexit and immigration.

1 Recasting the History and Politics of European Integration 'Beyond Brussels' - Matthew Broad and Suvi Kansikas -- Part I: Pan-European Ideas, Structures and Interactions -- 2 'Integration, Nobody Knows What It Means': European Cooperation and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), 1946–56 - Daniel Stinsky -- 3 Inventing a 'European Space of Discussion': The UEFA-EBU Relationship, c.1950s–1970s - Philippe Vonnard -- 4 Mediating in the Cold War: How the Socialist Group of MEPs became a Driver of Brussels-Moscow Rapprochement - Alexandra Athanasopoulou Köpping -- 5 Environmental Security for the Promotion of Pan-European Integration: The OSCE as a Europeanising Actor in the Balkans - Emma Hakala -- Part II: Imagining, Negotiating and Building Regional Integration -- 6 Not Giving Up Sovereignty: The British Labour Party's Alternative Vision of European Cooperation, 1933–1951 - Ettore Costa -- 7 Less Than Membership but More Than Association: Establishing the European Economic Area (EEA), 1989–1993- Juhana Aunesluoma -- 8 Regional Integration in the Eastern Bloc: Energy Cooperation between CMEA Countries, c.1950s–80s - Falk Flade -- 9 Industrial Policy and Technological Cooperation in the EAEU: The Case of Eurasian Technology Platforms - Anna Lowry -- Part III: European Integration At and Around the Subregional Level -- 10 Uniting Europe From Afar: Exile Plans for a Central European Federation in the Early Cold War - Pauli Heikkilä -- 11 Remain or Leave? Britain and the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO) in the Context of Brexit - John Krige -- 12 Subregional Integration in East Central Europe: Strategies in the In-Between Sphere - Katalin Miklóssy -- 13 Subregional Groupings in Post-Communist Europe: More Than Just 'Cooperation'? - Martin Dangerfield -- Part IV: Conclusions -- 14 European Integration: Past and Future, East and West, Brussels and Beyond - Anne Deighton.

The Russian law 'On Refugees' in terms of its principles and key provisions complies with the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Still, this general compliance has turned out to be insufficient for the institution of asylum to operate effectively in the Russian Federation. The unsettled nature of the procedure of determining refugee status and the lack of procedural guarantees for asylum-seekers creates the possibility for denials of granting asylum, on the grounds of political rationale. In the first place, this refers to refugees from the countries ? former USSR republics (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan) as well as DPRK (North Korea) and PRC (China). Even in cases when the instance of persecution cannot be doubted, they are not granted refugee status but temporary asylum, although this institution by definition serves a different purpose, and granted protection is of considerable volume. Decisions about the denial to grant refugee status in many cases do not contain the motives of the denial or are limited to the reference to the fact that an asylum-seeker has left the place of residence for economic reasons. In the majority of cases the asylum-seeker is not provided with the negative decision as such, which makes it much more difficult to appeal against it. As regards the rights, especially social rights, of an individual granted refugee status, the lack of the mechanism of their realisation in legislation creates serious obstacles for refugee integration. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

The study of gut microbiota and its effects on hosts has emerged as an essential component of host homeostasis and global efficiency. Besides host's influence on gut microbiota, major quantitative and qualitative changes may occur in the composition of the intestinal microbiota due to the influence of diet and other environmental factors. In accordance with the TREASURE project global aim of enhancing sustainability of production systems for local pig breeds, the objective of our task was to conduct a pilot characterisation of intestinal microbiota in order to test its usefulness to characterize several local European pig populations and their production systems. This approach has been applied to populations belonging to the following European traditional breeds: Gascon (France), Iberian (Spain), Krskopolje (Slovenia), Mangalitsa (Serbia), Moravka (Serbia) and Turopolje (Croatia). For each breed, faecal samples have been collected along different experiments performed in the TREASURE project targeting the comprehension of a particular traditional production system (e.g. open-air farming), management practice, or the comparison of breeds. In all experiments, the metagenomics technique employed is the re-sequencing of the bacterial 16S in an Illumina MiSeq system. Overall, the results have shown that the gut microbiota analysis is a promising approach for the characterisation of these local breeds, by allowing a deeper understanding of their production systems and potentially allowing the development of new certification approaches. Preliminary results will be summarized in this communication. Funded by European Union's H2020 RIA program (Grant agreement no. 634476).