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This chapter aims to put in the spotlight the role of the REScoop.eu federation in supporting the development of community-based energy initiatives and their recognition by dfferent audiences. In the first part, we recall the emergence of REScoops and their networking process at the European level. Then, we outline a number of roles taken by the network both internally (towards the members) and externally (towards the broader renewable energy field). Finally, we conclude by discussing the achievements and challenges of REScoop.eu and the broader development and promotion of community-based renewable energy at the international level. Through this type of "storytelling", we give insights into a European Union (EU)-funded action-oriented research project. ; Peer reviewed

Dennis Mueller has recently made a significant contribution to understanding issues of federalism & confederalism in the European Union -- from a particular public choice point of view. He furnishes an important & provocative discussion of the relationship between the decision-making rules embodied in a constitutional convention (or other means of drafting a form of union for constituent states) & the decision-making rules that will be contained in the constitution that is the outcome of that convention. However, Mueller's veiled preference for a certain ideal form of federalism for Europe tends to reduce the parameters of his discussion, & gives his article an unrealistic & narrow focus, despite its ambitious scope. The present article explores some of the latent complexities in the public choice analysis & design of European integration, particularly by drawing on the wider experience of working federations & theory of federalism, using the unique & synthesizing Australian experience as a point of departure. It argues that Mueller's analysis is biased toward the reduction of decision-making costs of European governance, & thus undervalues the external costs that may be imposed through excessive central government. 40 References. Adapted from the source document.

The idea of European federation keeps recurring in politicians' and intellectuals' discourses on the future of the European Union. The logic of global rivalry of "large territories" favors this in particular, as it somehow forces Europe's states to enter into a tighter integration if they want to realize their politics. The biggest challenge which the Union faces is the problem of leadership, understood both in the context of internal policy and relationally towards the surrounding. The problem, however, is the diversity of the member states and the unrelenting tension between particular concern about a national interest and European universalism. European federation sensu stricto, just because of this diversity has still been a utopian project. The future of the European Union most probably lies in a new intermediate model, as unique as the European Commonwealths used to be in the 1950s.

The European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (EUFEPS) was founded 25 years ago by more than 20 national pharmaceutical societies and faculty members. As a pan-European organization, it brings together pharmaceutical societies as well as academic, industrial and regulatory scientists engaged in drug research and development, drug regulation and education of professionals working in these fields. EUFEPS represents pharmaceutical sciences in Europe and is recognized as such by both the European Commission and the European Medicines Agency. EUFEPS cooperates with the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and other European organizations and maintains global connections with agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. EUFEPS has established specified networks forming the basis of its activities. The creation of a Network on Veterinary Medicines is prompted by the manifold problems resulting from the use of veterinary drugs and its inherent interconnections with human medicine, environmental and public health. A long-term goal of this initiative was to expand the spectrum of available therapeutics for use in animals, including the development of innovative delivery systems.