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An Atlas of European History
In: International affairs
ISSN: 1468-2346
War in European history: 1660 - 1792
In: The Essential bibliography series
In: Essential bibliographies
Europe in the world -- War and the state : government, knowledge, and society -- Struggles for dominance : land -- Struggles for dominance : sea -- Struggles for dominance : outside Europe -- The nature of conflict -- Limited and indecisive? -- The American War of Independence
NEW STUDIES IN EUROPEAN HISTORY
In: Politics and the People in Revolutionary Russia, S. 261-262
NEW STUDIES IN EUROPEAN HISTORY
In: Family and Community in Early Modern Spain, S. 315-316
NEW STUDIES IN EUROPEAN HISTORY
In: Christian Democracy and the Origins of European Union, S. 375-376
NEW STUDIES IN EUROPEAN HISTORY
In: The Russian Roots of Nazism, S. 328-329
Dictionary of European History
In: American Slavic and East European Review, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 560
Diplomacy in Modern European History
In: The Western political quarterly, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 562
ISSN: 1938-274X
Dictionary of European History
In: The Western political quarterly, Band 11, Heft 2, S. 400
ISSN: 1938-274X
Dictionary of European History
In: The journal of negro education: JNE ;a Howard University quarterly review of issues incident to the education of black people, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 52
ISSN: 2167-6437
Lectures on European history
The Emperor Charles V. -- The political history of Europe from the resignation of Charles V. -- The political history of Europe during the thirty years' war. -- Survey of the reigns of Louis XIII and Philip IV. -- The peace of Westphalia. ; Mode of access: Internet.
BASE
Population movements in modern European history
In: Main Themes in European History
War and Conflict in Contemporary European History
In: Zeithistorische Forschungen: Studies in contemporary history : ZF, Band 1, Heft 3, S. 347-362
ISSN: 1612-6041
Three processes provided a dynamic of violence that involved the whole continent of Europe in varying degrees. First, "total war" meant the escalation of violence applied to the entire population of enemy states. Second, "totalitarian" ideologies drew on the experience of war and sought to annihilate their own projected antagonists. Third, the tension between territory, peoples, and nation-states was resolved through ethnic violence. The worst episodes of violence, especially the Holocaust, combined all three processes. Democratic states were affected by the same violence but to a much lesser extent, due to inbuilt restraints. Determining whether this dynamic of violence was distinctively European or one dimension of a wider modernity means rethinking European history in a global historical context.
European Dream: The Frontier in European History
In: Politeja: pismo Wydziału Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Band 12, Heft 5 (37), S. 55-73
ISSN: 2391-6737
Many European citizens do not have a clear idea about European identity. But a European Dream (in many ways parallel to the American Dream) has raised hopes and offered opportunities for democratic and peaceful development. As F.J. Turner emphasized the importance of the frontier in shaping American character, we can also see the importance of the frontier in shaping the European mindset. In terms of topological mapping, a frontier is often also a war‑front. Outside Europe as well, borders such as the Great Wall of China have defined territory as a defended area. However, boundaries have seen not only war. Many cross‑border regions have in fact seen dialogue, communication, commerce, change, travel, and mutual inspiration. European identity was strengthened and defined through ancient reasoning concerning frontiers. According to Braudel, the Mediterranean cannot be understood independently from what is exterior to it. The first European identity was strengthened and defined on the frontier and the values of Europe are best perceived along its borders. The light shines strongest in the point of its source, but it is more appreciated to the point of its limit, where darkness and brightness compete for space – and even for life. European peripheries may be seen as a problem, yet they are the bastions of Europe and today, like yesterday, they have frequently prevented the institutional collapse of the center of Europe. Sometimes, an institutional breakdown begins at the peripheries and then, like an avalanche, sweeps the center away.