Suchergebnisse

This Article argues that inter-agency coordination is one of the great challenges of modern governance. It explains why lawmakers frequently assign overlapping and fragmented delegations that require agencies to "share regulatory space," why these delegations are so pervasive and stubborn, and why consolidating or eliminating agency functions will not solve the problems they create. The Article describes a variety of tools that Congress, the President and the agencies can use to manage coordination challenges effectively, including agency interaction requirements, formal inter-agency agreements, and joint policymaking. The Article assesses the relative costs and benefits of these coordination tools, using the normative criteria of efficiency, effectiveness and accountability, and concludes that the benefits of coordination will frequently justify its costs. To varying extents, these instruments can reduce regulatory costs for both government and the private sector, improve expertise, and ameliorate the risk of bureaucratic drift without compromising transparency. Coordination can also help to preserve the functional aspects of shared or overlapping authority, which include promoting inter-agency competition and accountability, while minimizing its dysfunctions in terms of discordant policy. While burdensome, shared regulatory space should also provide an important opportunity for the President to extend his reach. The Article argues that the President is uniquely positioned and motivated to manage the problems of shared regulatory space, and that coordination tools afford him the chance to put his stamp on policy. The Article recommends a comprehensive executive branch effort to promote stronger inter-agency coordination and improve coordination instruments. Of course, any presidential exercise of centralized supervision must operate within legal bounds, and often will be politically contentious. On balance, however, presidential leadership will be crucial to managing the serious coordination challenges ...

Eureka was the brainchild of President Mitterrand to enhance the standing of French technology compared with that of Japan and the USA. Participants include all EC states, EFTA countries and Turkey. Its political success is undoubted but its technical benefits are questioned. (PFB)

Die europäischen Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben ein Recht auf eine proaktive, handlungsfähige und transparente Europäische Union. Die Europäische Kommission hat diese Signale klar erkannt und bereits vielfältige Maßnahmen ergriffen und umgesetzt. Die Generaldirektion für humanitäre Hilfe und Krisenmanagement (ECHO) ist dabei ein Vorreiter, wie verschiedene Beispiele aus Europa und anderen Kontinenten zeigen. Die aktuellen Entwicklungen in diesem Politikbereich werden diese Fähigkeiten weiter stärken. ECHO ist auch in Zukunft bereit, Verantwortung zu übernehmen, Solidarität und Menschlichkeit zu stärken und damit die Handlungsfähigkeit der Europäischen Union ganz klar unter Beweis zu stellen.

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a European Agency as it is a decentralized body governed by European public law; it has its own legal personality and is also distinct from the European Union institutions (Council, Parliament, Commission, etc.). The EMA presents itself, and is commonly recognised, as a public health agency. This is notably supported by its recent transition from the Regional Direction of Research to the Regional Direction of Public Health. Four recognized principles of public health can be identified as such: assessment, transparency, precaution and independence. These principles appear to be closely linked to those forming the basis of good European governance regarding agencies: efficacy, coherence, openness, participation and responsibility. Thus, it is interesting to study how these principles are applied by the EMA in order to assess the reality of its qualification as a Public Health European Agency. The principles of assessment and transparency seem to be largely applied whereas the principles of precaution and independence are more problematic.