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The paper discusses recent propositions that forms of a European exceptionalism are now emerging. The paper first asks what makes a political entity exceptionalist. For this purpose inspiration is sought in American exceptionalism as a model. The paper then discusses whether Europe displays comparable features in the fields of international legal policy and domestic rights culture. It also asks whether there are other aspects of European governance which could make it plausible to speak of a European exceptionalism. The paper concludes that it is misleading to use the term European exceptionalism because the underlying phenomena are not comparable what is usually understood as American exceptionalism.

AbstractThe paper discusses recent propositions that, after a period of 'American exceptionalism', forms of 'European exceptionalism' are now emerging. The paper first asks what makes a political entity 'exceptionalist'. For this purpose inspiration is sought in the defining features of 'American exceptionalism'. The paper then discusses whether 'Europe' displays comparable features in the fields of international legal policy and domestic rights culture. It also asks whether there are other aspects of European governance which could make it plausible to speak of a European exceptionalism. The paper concludes that it is misleading to use the term 'European exceptionalism' because the underlying phenomena are not comparable with what is usually understood as 'American exceptionalism'.

The paper discusses recent propositions that forms of a European exceptionalism are now emerging. The paper first asks what makes a political entity exceptionalist. For this purpose inspiration is sought in American exceptionalism as a model. The paper then discusses whether Europe displays comparable features in the fields of international legal policy and domestic rights culture. It also asks whether there are other aspects of European governance which could make it plausible to speak of a European exceptionalism. The paper concludes that it is misleading to use the term European exceptionalism because the underlying phenomena are not comparable what is usually understood as American exceptionalism. (author's abstract)

For Member States of the European Union, participation in this supranational organization has increased the number of diffi culties in the international arena. Occasionally, the expanding legislative activity of the European institutions reaches out beyond the borders of the European legal system and incidentally affects the EU Member States ' autonomous relations with third parties. Consequently the EU and its members, often with success, seek third parties ' consent to exceptional treatment. Because of their number and significance, such derogations have inspired this article to inquire into their expansion and legal status under international law. Even though the EU-related exceptions have not created an international customary rule, the article observes that European integration shapes international rules in diverse fi elds and adjusts them to its needs. Since European integration is designed to administerand regulate an increasing number of issues, the autonomous international obligations of the EU Member States may become an obstacle. Because the European Union is likely to continue using special treatment in the future, it is important to assess how far the supranational exception can go in order to accommodate all interests at stake.

This article pursues three interrelated objectives. Above all, it seeks to theorize desecuritization at the level of polity rather than policy; to distinguish between forms of political order and the likelihood that they will give in to the call for exceptional measures. Second, and to achieve that goal, it suggests a turn away from continental notions of 'the people' and towards American debates over 'the public sphere': a realm deliberately designed and continually cultivated to exercise autonomous, pluralistic and politicized contestation. Third, it examines why the 'speechlessness' of contemporary Western security practices may inhibit that public sphere from functioning properly.

Résumé Pendant des décennies, des comparaisons systématiques entre l'UE et les États-Unis ont largement été découragées par le fait que l'exceptionnalisme américain et le caractère sui generis de l'Union européenne ont été considérés comme allant de soi. Un renversement de cette tendance, cependant, a eu lieu récemment. La comparaison entre les deux régimes politiques est devenue plus courante et acceptée dans la communauté savante. De nouveaux chercheurs ont noté que si les deux entités politiques pouvaient être exceptionnelles en comparaison avec les États-nations européens, elles le sont moins l'une par rapport à l'autre. Cet article passe donc d'abord en revue les arguments pour lesquels l'UE et les États-Unis d'Amérique ont été traités comme sui generis dans le passé, avant de présenter la littérature émergente sur la comparabilité des deux régimes et les nouveaux résultats de recherche qui en sont issus.