Suchergebnisse

Dissertação de mestrado em Relações Internacionais ; This thesis aims to compare the process of Europeanization of Portuguese and Polish foreign and security policies. The theoretical framework of this study is formed by the Europeanization approach, in order to explore the dynamic processes of foreign and security policy change. Against the background of the reviewed Europeanization concept, with a particular focus on Portugal and Poland, the thesis explores the similarities and differences between both countries in order to understand the impact of their historical backgrounds and time of accession on their individual process of Europeanization. The comparison provides a perspective highlighting the impact of democratization at this stage. The Europeanization process is also analyzed while being divided into two main phases: 'downloading' (adaptation of the EU rules and norms) and 'uploading' (projection of their national preferences into the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) level). For Portugal, the 'downloading' stage explores the domestic adaptation and institutional changes and the 'uploading' phases reviews the three rotation Council Presidencies. In the case of Poland, the EU´s influence on national administrative structures during the 'downloading' process and promoting of the Eastern Dimension during the 'uploading' phase are studied. After this, the Europeanization process of both countries is compared by taking into account the different characteristics and spheres of interest, the challenges they faced, and the role of NATO in their foreign and security policies. The results of the comparison demonstrate that despite numerous differences, distinct ways of 'uploading' and national preferences, the Europeanization could be attained for both of them. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates that a proper uploading can only be obtained through an effective downloading process. Finally, the dissertation concludes that the projecting of national interests (vis-á-vis Ukraine in case of Poland and ...

<p>In this paper, we bring together the concepts put forth in our previous papers and throw new light on how the Indo-Europeanization of the world may have happened from the conventional Central Asian homeland and explain the same using maps and diagrams. We also propose the 'Ten modes of linguistic transformations associated with Human migrations.' With this, the significance of the proposed term 'Base Indo-European' in lieu of the old term 'Proto Indo-European' will become abundantly clear to most readers. The approaches presented in this paper are somewhat superior to existing approaches, and as such are expected to replace them in the longer run. Detailed maps and notes demonstrating and explaining how linguistic transformations might have taken place in South Asia are available in this paper as understood from our previous research papers, and scholars from other parts of the world are invited to develop similar paradigms with regard to their home countries as far as the available data or evidence will allow them. This will help piece together a gigantic jig-saw puzzle, and lead to a revolution of sorts in the field, leading to a ripple-effect that will strongly impact several other related fields of study as well. We also re-emphasize our epigrammatic catch-phrases 'The Globalization of Science' and 'Scientific Progress at the Speed of Light', and attempt to show how the former will inexorably lead to the latter. This is done in a respectable level of detail, as zany and theoretical concepts gain respectability only if corroborated with real-world data from across the world. The end-result will be a transformation and a revolution in human knowledge, with inevitable cascading changes in cultural and social paradigms and relationships across nationalities and cultures, and rich rewards for scholars and students of Indo-European studies across the world.</p>

The aim of this article is to analyse the dynamics of change and persistence that affect the Mediterranean journalistic culture when it has to deal with EU institutions. Data were collected by interviewing Italian correspondents in Brussels and by observing their daily work. Results show how their professional culture has adapted to the specificities of the EU news beat. Evidence was found of the emergence of a Euro-centric news perspective, of the adoption of new newsgathering routines and of a tendency to produce less opinionated and more fact-centred news items. The new 'Europeanized' practices, however, do not completely substitute the traditional routines. Italian correspondents actively try to treat the EU within conventional routines, fixed in their own journalistic culture, and to construct the news focusing on the conflictive dimension of the events reported.

The paper deals with the question of the dynamics of relations between the political power elite, the LGBT population and the Serbian Orthodox Church in the overall context of the Europeanization of Serbia. An insight is provided into the mechanism(s) through which the political elite in Serbia reproduces its dominant position. Serbian society is depicted as a captured one, and this is illustrated by empirical findings from a survey and in-depth interviews. This is followed by a focus on the political elite's instrumentalization of the issue of sexual freedom in obtaining international support for maintenance of power through "tactical Europeanization". After this the position of the Serbian Orthodox Church vis-à-vis the state and its alleged support for LGBT issues is considered. The Church seems to have "realized" that being silent on the LGBT issue is more profitable in a symbolic, as well as, in a material sense. ; Rad se bavi pitanjem dinamike odnosa između političke elite, LGBT populacije i Srpske pravoslavne crkve u ukupnom kontekstu evropeizacije Srbije. Daje se uvid u mehanizme kroz koje politička elita u Srbiji reprodukuje svoj dominantni položaj. Srpsko društvo je prikazano kao zarobljeno, a to ilustruju empirijski nalazi iz anketnog istraživanja i dubinskih intervjua. Nakon toga rad se fokusira na instrumentalizaciju pitanja seksualnih sloboda od strane političke elite za dobijanje međunarodne podrške za održavanje vlasti kroz "taktičku evropeizaciju". Na kraju teksta razmatra se stav Srpske pravoslavne crkve u odnosu na državu i njenu navodnu podršku LGBT pitanjima. Čini se da je Crkva "shvatila" da je ćutanje o LGBT pitanju za nju isplativije u simboličkom, ali i u materijalnom smislu.

The article examines the problem of finding ways out of European countries from the migration crisis, which is relevant and important for Ukraine as one of the main donors of migrant workers to the EU. The existing experience of integration of migrants into the socio-economic system of European countries, which simultaneously alleviates social tensions in the communities of host countries on the emergence of "foreigners" and also allows effective use of the positive aspects of immigration, in two forms: multiculturalism and assimilation. Based on the studied experience, empirical analysis of the Europeanization process and hypothetical-deductive method, a model of Europeanization of migrants into European society was developed as a way to overcome the migration crisis, which involves the simultaneous application of polar forms of migration policy: liberalization and protectionism. This is due to the need for the EU in the process of overcoming the migration crisis to be able to simultaneously reap the benefits that may occur in the current situation, as well as ensure supranational and economic security of the Union, due to the real threat of uncontrolled increase in migration flows to the EU. The grounds for introducing a model of Europeanization of migrants in the current context of the Crown virus pandemic are identified, and it is argued that the model of Europeanization of migrants will help the EU not only overcome the migration crisis and strengthen by overcoming a number of domestic socio-economic problems through migrants, but also extend European values based on democracy and respect for human rights and freedoms to other peoples, which will ensure the mental convergence of different peoples of the world and thus reduce the authority destabilizing forces in the region, will accelerate the integration of new members into the EU, and Ukraine in particular. ; В статті досліджено проблему пошуку шляхів виходу європейських країн з міграційної кризи, що є актуальним і важливим для України, як одного з основних донорів трудових мігрантів до ЄС. Вивчено існуючий досвід інтеграції мігрантів у соціально-економічну систему країн Європи, яка одночасно згладжує соціальну напругу у громадах приймаючих країн щодо появи «чужих» і також дозволяє ефективно використовувати позитивні сторони припливу іммігрантів, у двох формах: мультикультуралізм та асиміляція. На основі вивченого досвіду, емпіричного аналізу процесу європеїзації та гіпотетично-дедуктивного методу розробено модель європеїзації мігрантів у європейське суспільство, як спосіб подолання міграційної кризи, що передбачає одночасне застосування полюсних форм міграційної політики: політики лібералізації та протекціонізму. Це пояснюється необхідністю для ЄС в процесі виходу з міграційної кризи зуміти одночасно скористатися вигодами, які можуть мати місце в ситуації, що склалася, а також забезпечити наднаціональну та економічну безпеку Союзу, в силу існування реальної загрози від неконтрольованого збільшення міграційних потоків до ЄС. Визначено підстави запровадження моделі європеїзації мігрантів в актуальних умовах пандемії корона вірусу, а також аргументовано, що модель європеїзації мігрантів допоможе ЄС не лише подолати міграційну кризу і зміцнитися за рахунок подолання ряду внутрішніх соціально-економічних проблем завдяки мігрантам, але й поширить загальноєвропейські цінності, що базуються на демократії та повазі до прав і свобод людини, на представників інших народів, що забезпечить ментальну конвергенцію різних народів світу і тим самим дозволить знизити авторитет дестабілізуючих сил в регіоні, пришвидшить інтеграцію нових членів до ЄС, і України зокрема.