The article analyzes the problems of evaluation of cultural activity of modern classical universities. It is emphasized that in the postmodern world this activity requires a triune symbiosis of science, education and culture, which should mutually enrich each other, i.e. it is proved that a new paradigm of university life is needed. The example of the activity of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University demonstrates how the desire of a modern university to be not only a center of knowledge and professional education, but also a center of active creative cultural practices is manifested. It is noted that such practices are very diverse, that they differ in their focus, objectives and forms of work. It turns out that due to such diversity there is a need to subordinate these practices to the main goal and determine an integrated assessment of their effectiveness, development and improvement. It is demonstrated that the latest model of evaluation as an interactive, communicative, self-corrected process of evaluating the classical university cultural activities is best suited for the development of the university as a cultural hub. This model is described as contributing to a deeper and more systematic understanding and development of such activities. In this sense, evaluation is seen not so much as a tool for evaluating activities, but as a tool for its development and improvement in changing conditions, i.e. in emergent social contexts. It is argued that in the evaluationary process, in addition to communication, research methods to study and analyze the opinions, positions, proposals, critiques of all actors and beneficiaries of the cultural project should be actively used. As such, sociological surveys, expert assessments, focused group interviews are provided, which provide valuable information about the real state of the project, its strengths and weaknesses, current issues. Conclusions about the status of evaluation in modern educational practices are formulated. Potential directions of further researches of evaluative practices in educational contexts are described.
Abstract. Introduction. The process of building productive capacities requires an effective investment policy. However, in the future it remains an acute problem for the investment of production development, modernization and reconstruction of agricultural enterprises. Purpose. The aim of this study is to assess the state of the investment activities of the agricultural sector of Ukraine and defining directions of its activation. Methods. To achieve this goal we used the method: analytical and monographic - the study of literature, legislative or other legal acts; structural and functional - for the analysis of changes in the agricultural sector in the implementation of agrarian reform; statistical and economic - the collection, processing of statistical data, studies of the dynamics of economic parameters of development of the domestic agricultural sector. Results. It assesses the state of the investment activity of the agrarian sector of Ukraine. The basic reasons for the decline in investment activity in the agricultural economy. Considered the criteria of attractiveness and the priority sectors of Ukrainian economy. Originality. The directions of activization of investment activity on the basis of formation of the national, sectoral, regional and other investment programs and the conditions of increase of efficiency of use of budgetary funds for investment projects. Conclusion. Growing investment activity will be achieved by focusing on the priorities of the agricultural sector, through the development of national, sectoral, regional and other investment programs.
The subject of the study – fiscal and monetary determinants of growth. The purpose of the article is to study the evolution of the theoretical fundamentals of fiscal and monetary factors' effect on growth. Research methodology – scientific search and methods of analysis and synthesis in the perspective trends of growth theory development. Results. The study results have shown how dynamic was the formation of ideas of the founders of economic thoughts in the qualitative and quantitative content of functional connections between areas of the economy at the macro and micro levels, which are gradually changing driving by the global transformation processes. The emergence of endogenous theory and the technological progress of information processing tools made it possible by composing theoretical models to use a whole set of concepts previously associated with microeconomics. In the context of the historical narrative about the Government and its role in the economy and a systematic approach to building a comprehensive view of money's nature, the border between purely fiscal and monetary instruments is gradually dissolving. As a result, a great scope of new functionality became available for implementing economic policy. Thanks to the newly created conditions, the Government authorities' responsibility and the ability to achieve the intended goals are increasing enormously. Application of results. Economic sector: economic theory, macroeconomics, management of national economy. Conclusions. One of the progressive directions of growth theory development is implemented in the research field of fiscal and monetary factors, their effectiveness and practicability, depending on the intended goals of economic policy and macro–environment changes.
ABSTRACT In the article, on the base of an analysis of newspaper periodicals, lexis of negative evaluation to provide characteristics of social and political processes, personalities and states that have place today is determined. The concept of pejorative vocabulary and its functioning in newspaper publications are determined. It is established that the most active expression of the vocabulary of negative evaluation is acquired in socio-political texts. It was found that evaluation – intentional and most important category of journalistic discourse through which the sender persuades the recipient in certain specified purposes, and that it is closely related to peyorative vocabulary, since the latter is intended to provide some assessment of whether those same events, facts or persons. It was found that to create some emotional color and provide the text of the evaluation, including negative, journalists actively use aphorisms and spoken language of negative evaluation. It is established that the use of the vocabulary of negative evaluation not only provides expressive and emotional atmosphere, but sometimes violates the literary norm.
The paper defines the concept of the innovation of the company and the factors that influence it (economic, political, legal, organizational and managerial). Specified how these factors can exert influence on the level of the innovation component of the organization. Also detected and analysed types of effects that arise during the implementation of innovations. These effects include economic, social, technological, and environmental resources. For the analysis of the efficiency of innovation activities now been selected application method integrated parameter that is using partial coefficients based on indicators that are directly involved in the innovation process. These indicators include the effectiveness of fixed assets, human resources efficiency, rate of return, payback period and rate of return. Based on the analyzed methods can draw conclusions about the main ways of improving the innovation process in the enterprise ; В статті визначено поняття ефективності інноваційної діяльності підприємства та основні чинники впливу на неї (економічні, політико-правові та організаційно-управлінські). Вказано, яким чином дані фактори можуть здійснювати вплив на рівень ефективності інноваційної складової діяльності організації. Також виявлені та проаналізовані види ефектів, що виникають в ході реалізації інновацій. До таких ефектів належать економічний, соціальний, науково-технічний, ресурсний та екологічний. Для аналізу оцінки ефективності здійснення інноваційної діяльності підприємством була обрана методика застосування інтегрального показника, що знаходиться за допомогою часткових коефіцієнтів на основі показників, які беруть безпосередню участь в інноваційному процесі. До таких показників віднесено ефективність основних засобів, ефективність трудових ресурсів, показник прибутковості, термін окупності та норма доходності. На основі проаналізованої методики можна зробити висновки про основні шляхи вдосконалення інноваційного процесу на підприємстві.
In the article the specifics of evaluating the effectiveness of labor legislation are analyzed. The list of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of labor legislation is determined. The content and significance of each of the criteria are described. ; У статті проаналізовано специфіку оцінювання ефективності трудового законодавства. Визначено перелік критеріїв оцінювання ефективності трудового законодавства. Охарактеризовано зміст і значення кожного із критеріїв.
The paper defines the concept of the innovation of the company and the factors that influence it (economic, political, legal, organizational and managerial). Specified how these factors can exert influence on the level of the innovation component of the organization. Also detected and analysed types of effects that arise during the implementation of innovations. These effects include economic, social, technological, and environmental resources. For the analysis of the efficiency of innovation activities now been selected application method integrated parameter that is using partial coefficients based on indicators that are directly involved in the innovation process. These indicators include the effectiveness of fixed assets, human resources efficiency, rate of return, payback period and rate of return. Based on the analyzed methods can draw conclusions about the main ways of improving the innovation process in the enterprise ; В статті визначено поняття ефективності інноваційної діяльності підприємства та основні чинники впливу на неї (економічні, політико-правові та організаційно-управлінські). Вказано, яким чином дані фактори можуть здійснювати вплив на рівень ефективності інноваційної складової діяльності організації. Також виявлені та проаналізовані види ефектів, що виникають в ході реалізації інновацій. До таких ефектів належать економічний, соціальний, науково-технічний, ресурсний та екологічний. Для аналізу оцінки ефективності здійснення інноваційної діяльності підприємством була обрана методика застосування інтегрального показника, що знаходиться за допомогою часткових коефіцієнтів на основі показників, які беруть безпосередню участь в інноваційному процесі. До таких показників віднесено ефективність основних засобів, ефективність трудових ресурсів, показник прибутковості, термін окупності та норма доходності. На основі проаналізованої методики можна зробити висновки про основні шляхи вдосконалення інноваційного процесу на підприємстві.
The paper studies the main tasks mentioned in the national standardization in the field of land valuation. The research includes analysis of current legislative, regulatory support of standardization in the field of property valuation and property rights, including land. Estimation of the land in any country is a profession that is regulated by a system of related standards. In Ukraine, the most influential are national and international valuation standards. Valuation of property and property rights is essential for the functioning and development of civilized market relations. World experience shows that development of the market system in the country gradually began to increase the need in professional evaluation that would ensure the existence of different market segments.The authors considered some major factors that affect the value of land, the main ones are legal, spatial, market, quantitative, qualitative, economic and technological. It has been established that the national standards in land valuation do not reflect all gained national and international experience and the estimates do not include changes in the latest edition of the International Valuation Standards, which summarizes the best estimated practice. Modern conditions of appraisal activity in Ukraine lead to compliance with International Valuation Standards applicable to national standards. Based on international experience, adjustment to the International Valuation Standards help national assessors to correctly identify their land value, reasonably defend its position during the evaluation. We consider the most important objective factors of pricing. ; В статье обоснований главные задачи, значение национальной стандартизации в сфере оценки земли. Исследование включает анализ современного законодательного, нормативного обеспечения стандартизации в сфере оценки имущества и майнових прав, в том числе земли, етапов развития оценочной деятельности в Украине. Рассмотрены основные принципы, факторы, которые влияют на стоимость земель, случаи применения разных методических подходов для определения рыночной стоимости объектов имущества и имушественных прав. Установлено, что Национальные стандарты в сфере оценки земли не отражают весь приобретенный национальной и международной оценками опыт и не учитывают изменения, внесенные в Международные стандарты оценки, которые обобщающают лучшие оценочные практики. Предложено внедрять в практику оценочной деятельности международные нормы и правила оценки имущества. ; У статті обгрунтувані головні завдання, значення національної стандартизації у сфері оцінки землі. Дослідження включає аналіз сучасного законодавчого, нормативного забезпечення стандартизації у сфері оцінки майна та майнових прав, в тому числі землі. етапів розвитку оціночної діяльності в Україні. Розглянуті основні принципи, фактори, які впливають на вартість земель, випадки застосування різних методичних підходів щодо визначення ринкової вартості об'єктів майна та майнових прав. Встановлено, що Національні стандарти у сфері оцінки землі не відображають весь набутий національною та міжнародною оцінками досвід і не враховують зміни в останніх редакціях Міжнародних стандартів оцінки, що узагальнюють кращі оціночні практики. Запропоново впроваджувати в практику оціночної діяльності міжнародні норми та правила оцінки майна.
The paper studies the main tasks mentioned in the national standardization in the field of land valuation. The research includes analysis of current legislative, regulatory support of standardization in the field of property valuation and property rights, including land. Estimation of the land in any country is a profession that is regulated by a system of related standards. In Ukraine, the most influential are national and international valuation standards. Valuation of property and property rights is essential for the functioning and development of civilized market relations. World experience shows that development of the market system in the country gradually began to increase the need in professional evaluation that would ensure the existence of different market segments.The authors considered some major factors that affect the value of land, the main ones are legal, spatial, market, quantitative, qualitative, economic and technological. It has been established that the national standards in land valuation do not reflect all gained national and international experience and the estimates do not include changes in the latest edition of the International Valuation Standards, which summarizes the best estimated practice. Modern conditions of appraisal activity in Ukraine lead to compliance with International Valuation Standards applicable to national standards. Based on international experience, adjustment to the International Valuation Standards help national assessors to correctly identify their land value, reasonably defend its position during the evaluation. We consider the most important objective factors of pricing. ; В статье обоснований главные задачи, значение национальной стандартизации в сфере оценки земли. Исследование включает анализ современного законодательного, нормативного обеспечения стандартизации в сфере оценки имущества и майнових прав, в том числе земли, етапов развития оценочной деятельности в Украине. Рассмотрены основные принципы, факторы, которые влияют на стоимость земель, случаи применения разных методических подходов для определения рыночной стоимости объектов имущества и имушественных прав. Установлено, что Национальные стандарты в сфере оценки земли не отражают весь приобретенный национальной и международной оценками опыт и не учитывают изменения, внесенные в Международные стандарты оценки, которые обобщающают лучшие оценочные практики. Предложено внедрять в практику оценочной деятельности международные нормы и правила оценки имущества. ; У статті обгрунтувані головні завдання, значення національної стандартизації у сфері оцінки землі. Дослідження включає аналіз сучасного законодавчого, нормативного забезпечення стандартизації у сфері оцінки майна та майнових прав, в тому числі землі. етапів розвитку оціночної діяльності в Україні. Розглянуті основні принципи, фактори, які впливають на вартість земель, випадки застосування різних методичних підходів щодо визначення ринкової вартості об'єктів майна та майнових прав. Встановлено, що Національні стандарти у сфері оцінки землі не відображають весь набутий національною та міжнародною оцінками досвід і не враховують зміни в останніх редакціях Міжнародних стандартів оцінки, що узагальнюють кращі оціночні практики. Запропоново впроваджувати в практику оціночної діяльності міжнародні норми та правила оцінки майна.
The paper studies the main tasks mentioned in the national standardization in the field of land valuation. The research includes analysis of current legislative, regulatory support of standardization in the field of property valuation and property rights, including land. Estimation of the land in any country is a profession that is regulated by a system of related standards. In Ukraine, the most influential are national and international valuation standards. Valuation of property and property rights is essential for the functioning and development of civilized market relations. World experience shows that development of the market system in the country gradually began to increase the need in professional evaluation that would ensure the existence of different market segments.The authors considered some major factors that affect the value of land, the main ones are legal, spatial, market, quantitative, qualitative, economic and technological. It has been established that the national standards in land valuation do not reflect all gained national and international experience and the estimates do not include changes in the latest edition of the International Valuation Standards, which summarizes the best estimated practice. Modern conditions of appraisal activity in Ukraine lead to compliance with International Valuation Standards applicable to national standards. Based on international experience, adjustment to the International Valuation Standards help national assessors to correctly identify their land value, reasonably defend its position during the evaluation. We consider the most important objective factors of pricing. ; В статье обоснований главные задачи, значение национальной стандартизации в сфере оценки земли. Исследование включает анализ современного законодательного, нормативного обеспечения стандартизации в сфере оценки имущества и майнових прав, в том числе земли, етапов развития оценочной деятельности в Украине. Рассмотрены основные принципы, факторы, которые влияют на стоимость земель, случаи применения разных методических подходов для определения рыночной стоимости объектов имущества и имушественных прав. Установлено, что Национальные стандарты в сфере оценки земли не отражают весь приобретенный национальной и международной оценками опыт и не учитывают изменения, внесенные в Международные стандарты оценки, которые обобщающают лучшие оценочные практики. Предложено внедрять в практику оценочной деятельности международные нормы и правила оценки имущества. ; У статті обгрунтувані головні завдання, значення національної стандартизації у сфері оцінки землі. Дослідження включає аналіз сучасного законодавчого, нормативного забезпечення стандартизації у сфері оцінки майна та майнових прав, в тому числі землі. етапів розвитку оціночної діяльності в Україні. Розглянуті основні принципи, фактори, які впливають на вартість земель, випадки застосування різних методичних підходів щодо визначення ринкової вартості об'єктів майна та майнових прав. Встановлено, що Національні стандарти у сфері оцінки землі не відображають весь набутий національною та міжнародною оцінками досвід і не враховують зміни в останніх редакціях Міжнародних стандартів оцінки, що узагальнюють кращі оціночні практики. Запропоново впроваджувати в практику оціночної діяльності міжнародні норми та правила оцінки майна.
Currently, lending allows not only to profit from attracting additional financial resources, but also to expand and develop business activity. Therefore, many businesses apply for additional funds to credit institutions. Under such conditions, creditworthiness becomes important, because the effective organization of the lending process will depend on its proper understanding and quality assessment. The need to study the essence of creditworthiness is explained both by the lack of consensus among scholars on the definition of this concept, and the further development of credit institutions, which, in turn, influence the content of this definition. The article is devoted to the study of legislative and scientific approaches to the essence of the borrower's creditworthiness, conducting a content analysis of this concept and determining on its basis the criteria for creditworthiness assessment.The specifics of scientific tasks being the subject of the research required the use of a complex of methods which enabled to carry out a content analysis of the term "creditworthiness" and identify the main criteria for the borrower's creditworthiness assessment. The article examines domestic legal documents, that determine the content of creditworthiness. The approaches to understanding the essence of this definition, which were distinguished by foreign and Ukrainian scientists, are considered. A content analysis of the concept of "creditworthiness" is performed. The characteristics of the main criteria, which are the basis for borrower's creditworthiness assessment, is carried out. The study proved, that creditworthiness is characterized by a set of conditions that allow the lender to provide credit and the borrower to fulfill debt obligations in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. It is substantiated, that the borrower's creditworthiness is assessed on the basis of criteria that take into account the internal and external environment of its operation. It is established that without the definition of these ...
With the formation and stabilization of the Ukrainian economy become crucial importance issues of quality and competitiveness of domestic products. In Ukraine produced and supplied to the realization of a significant number of sausage products which can cause in certain conditions the risk to the consumer (poor-quality materials, violations of sanitary regulations during production, realization, etc).This applies to of sausage products produced on entities of small businesses and individual enterprises, which lacks a system of self-monitoring safety according to requirements of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points.The domestic legislatures have repeatedly tried to introduce criminal liability for substandard products production and only in 2013 in The Supreme Council of Ukrainewas consider the draft law "On responsibility for producing low-quality products". It provides greater responsibility to producers for quality products appropriate amendments in 13 laws of Ukraine, the Law "On withdrawal from circulation, processing, recycling, destruction, or further use of low-quality and dangerous products", "On veterinary medicine ", etc [4].September 20, 2016 came into force the Law of Ukraine "On basic principles and requirements for safety and food quality", according to which responsibility fully entrusted to producer. Therefore, it should be noted that one reason for the production and realization of low-quality of sausage products there is imperfect veterinary and sanitary control in production and realization.In addition, the low providing meat products to population of Ukraine has led to a deficiency of animal protein (33%), which is a serious basis for the development of scientifically based ways and control of safety and quality not only raw materials, but also technology production of meat products [5].According to the Committee for Protection of Consumer Rights: In Ukraine 80% food products are falsified. The most common is to replace the food due to substitutes with another species and lower quality. Such fake often occurs in the production of sausages.Objective: to study the quality and safety of sausage products that came to realization on agricultural markets of Odessa, Ukraine.Material and methods. Research conducted at the Department of veterinary and sanitary expertise Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Odessa State Agrarian University, and in government laboratories veterinary and sanitary expertise in agricultural markets Odessa.Samples of sausages were taken with doctors state laboratories of veterinary-sanitary expertise that control the quality of animal products for trade facilities. Studies conducted in the laboratory of veterinary-sanitary examination of the Odessa State Agrarian University according to State Standard 4436: 2005; State Standard 4435: 2005; State Standard 4427: 2005.Results and discussion. For research were taken three types of sausages: boiled, half smoked and summer sausage, which passed veterinary and sanitary control official doctors, in compliance with existing "Rules of veterinary inspection before slaughter animals and veterinary and sanitary expertise of meat and meat products" (paragraph 17) and were recognized high-quality by the applicable regulations.The samples examined in the laboratory of veterinary and sanitary expertise OSAU and Odesa regional state veterinary laboratory in accordance with the applicable "Mandatory minimum list of research row materials, products of plant and animal origin, etc".Research of sausages conducted by external examination of all parties of sausages, 10% sausage baguettes without cuts and 1% - with cuts. Visual inspection identified: general appearance, odor, presence of fat flows ("lanterns") and other defects.In the context of baguette identified color minced meat and bacon, minced meat texture, presence of gray spots and foreign matter. The smell quickly identified by breakage baguette. Frankfurters and wieners examined by warming up in the water.High-quality sausage products conform the following requirements: shell clean, dry, no spots, no damage, tight to the forcemeat. Color baguettes on cuts are homogeneous, complies the assortment. Mincemeat without gray spots, evenly mixed with bacon, white with transparent hue (the first class of sausages may be 10% with yellow shade, second - 15%). Sausages have flavor with spices and smoking, pleasant taste, without other smells, well cooked.The overall qualitative assessment of sausage products installed after tasting by a commission of a 9-point scale with the main indicators: appearance, color, texture, smell and taste.Conducted research it was found that all samples of sausages were good quality by organoleptic characteristics. Organoleptic evaluation of boiled sausages conducted according to State Standard 4436: 2005. Thus the sausage "Lyubytelska" is fully conform to high grade, small straight baguettes length 45 cm, with one transverse ligation in the middle. The look forcemeat on the cut in all samples had a light pink color, was equally milled, without cavities and gray spots, containing pieces of bacon a white color, sides size till 6 mm.Summer sausages organoleptic evaluation was conducted in accordance with State Standard 4427: 2005. So, after evaluation the sausage "Moskovskaya" conform to the high grade of sausages, with a pleasant, moderately salty and slightly spicy flavor, aroma with spices and smoked, without foreign taste and odor. Baguettes were straight, length 27 cm, with transverse ligations in the middle. The view forcemeat on the cut without gray spots and cavities, equally mixed, with pieces of bacon no larger than 6 mm.Sausage "Lyubytelska" after organoleptic research referred to the first class and had a nice flavor with aroma of spices and smoked. Baguettes straight, length 40 cm, with four transverse ligations at an equal distance. Mincemeat without gray spots, contains no cavities, evenly mixed with pieces of bacon no larger than 8 mm.Sausage "Cervelat" referred to higher grade, pleasant taste (slightly spicy and salty taste, without foreign smell), with a pronounced flavor of spices and smoked. Baguettes are straight, length of 20 to 40 cm, with three transverse ligations at the upper end of long loaf. Mincemeat on the cut looks equally mixed, with no gray spots and cavities, contains pieces of pork no larger than 3 mm.Sausages which by appearance and organoleptic evaluation had admitted high-quality - in the laboratory investigated also by tasting.During the tasting evaluation found that the quality of sausages, which are realized in agricultural markets, had a tasting score range from 7.8±0.1 to 8.6±0.2, which is relatively high valuation.Regarding specific quality, the lowest evaluation was tasting the sausage the second grade "Chayna" for all indicators from 7.8±0.2 to 7.9±0.2. Low tasting evaluation of these indicators is due, most likely, failure with veterinary and sanitary requirements for the realization of sausages on agricultural markets. The highest quality sausages were rated "Lyubytelska " with a total score of 8.6±0.2 points, "Cracivska" - 8.5±0.2 and "Moskovskaya " - 8.5±0.2.Conclusions and prospects. Summarizing the results of research by organoleptic estimate of sausages that were made at agricultural markets to the realization, revealed that all examined sausages were good-quality. For 9-point scale, the quality varied in the range of 7.8 to 8.6 points, corresponding to the current requirements.In the future, will present materials on microbiological and chemical-toxicological studies. ; Наведено результати органолептичних досліджень і дегустаційної оцінки ковбасних виробів, які реалізуються в умовах агропродовольчих ринків м. Одеси. За органолептичними показниками ковбаси відповідали чинним вимогам, а дегустаційна оцінка коливалася від 7,8 до 8,9 балів за дев'ятибальною шкалою.
In modern conditions, the problem of cohesion of military collectives became particularly relevant. Traditional approaches to the unification of servicemen on the basis of "friendship and fraternity" proved to be ineffective. The events of recent years have shown the existence of fundamental contradictions in the thoughts, views and actions that led to the facts of betrayal and separatist actions. The formulation of a military oath for a certain part of the military and law-enforcement agencies has become a formality.The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem aspects of assessing the unity of military personnel in National Guard of Ukraine military units in accordance with the main areas in which there is interaction between them and the conditions of unification as one of the factors of the morally-psychological state of military personnel and units.The proposed option for assessing the cohesion of military units can be considered as one of the possible tools for periodic use by commanders (without special training) in the short term to obtain sufficiently objective information on changes in one of the essential processes of group dynamics and the existing problems in this area with purpose of timely and adequate response to them.Practical aspects of military men's cohesion evaluation that characterize the fullness, authenticity and the procedure of obtaining information about the concerted action of military men during the duty tour are considered. ; Розглянуто проблемні аспекти оцінювання згуртованості військовослужбовців підрозділу, які характеризують повноту, достовірність та процедуру отримання інформації про міжособистісну взаємодію у процесі служби.
In modern conditions, the problem of cohesion of military collectives became particularly relevant. Traditional approaches to the unification of servicemen on the basis of "friendship and fraternity" proved to be ineffective. The events of recent years have shown the existence of fundamental contradictions in the thoughts, views and actions that led to the facts of betrayal and separatist actions. The formulation of a military oath for a certain part of the military and law-enforcement agencies has become a formality.The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem aspects of assessing the unity of military personnel in National Guard of Ukraine military units in accordance with the main areas in which there is interaction between them and the conditions of unification as one of the factors of the morally-psychological state of military personnel and units.The proposed option for assessing the cohesion of military units can be considered as one of the possible tools for periodic use by commanders (without special training) in the short term to obtain sufficiently objective information on changes in one of the essential processes of group dynamics and the existing problems in this area with purpose of timely and adequate response to them.Practical aspects of military men's cohesion evaluation that characterize the fullness, authenticity and the procedure of obtaining information about the concerted action of military men during the duty tour are considered. ; Розглянуто проблемні аспекти оцінювання згуртованості військовослужбовців підрозділу, які характеризують повноту, достовірність та процедуру отримання інформації про міжособистісну взаємодію у процесі служби.
The paper studies the main tasks mentioned in the national standardization in the field of land valuation. The research includes analysis of current legislative, regulatory support of standardization in the field of property valuation and property rights, including land. Estimation of the land in any country is a profession that is regulated by a system of related standards. In Ukraine, the most influential are national and international valuation standards. Valuation of property and property rights is essential for the functioning and development of civilized market relations. World experience shows that development of the market system in the country gradually began to increase the need in professional evaluation that would ensure the existence of different market segments.The authors considered some major factors that affect the value of land, the main ones are legal, spatial, market, quantitative, qualitative, economic and technological. It has been established that the national standards in land valuation do not reflect all gained national and international experience and the estimates do not include changes in the latest edition of the International Valuation Standards, which summarizes the best estimated practice. Modern conditions of appraisal activity in Ukraine lead to compliance with International Valuation Standards applicable to national standards. Based on international experience, adjustment to the International Valuation Standards help national assessors to correctly identify their land value, reasonably defend its position during the evaluation. We consider the most important objective factors of pricing. ; В статье обоснований главные задачи, значение национальной стандартизации в сфере оценки земли. Исследование включает анализ современного законодательного, нормативного обеспечения стандартизации в сфере оценки имущества и майнових прав, в том числе земли, етапов развития оценочной деятельности в Украине. Рассмотрены основные принципы, факторы, которые влияют на стоимость земель, случаи применения разных методических подходов для определения рыночной стоимости объектов имущества и имушественных прав. Установлено, что Национальные стандарты в сфере оценки земли не отражают весь приобретенный национальной и международной оценками опыт и не учитывают изменения, внесенные в Международные стандарты оценки, которые обобщающают лучшие оценочные практики. Предложено внедрять в практику оценочной деятельности международные нормы и правила оценки имущества. ; У статті обгрунтувані головні завдання, значення національної стандартизації у сфері оцінки землі. Дослідження включає аналіз сучасного законодавчого, нормативного забезпечення стандартизації у сфері оцінки майна та майнових прав, в тому числі землі. етапів розвитку оціночної діяльності в Україні. Розглянуті основні принципи, фактори, які впливають на вартість земель, випадки застосування різних методичних підходів щодо визначення ринкової вартості об'єктів майна та майнових прав. Встановлено, що Національні стандарти у сфері оцінки землі не відображають весь набутий національною та міжнародною оцінками досвід і не враховують зміни в останніх редакціях Міжнародних стандартів оцінки, що узагальнюють кращі оціночні практики. Запропоново впроваджувати в практику оціночної діяльності міжнародні норми та правила оцінки майна.
