Suchergebnisse

Financial losses caused by lack of appropriate means of control has led international organizations to implement some mechanism that help them to protect their financial resources from diversion. Indeed, in order to reach their goals, international organizations need a good financial management. Legal mechanisms put in place to protect financial assets of international organizations allow them to oversee their financial management and help them prosecute those who commit financial crimes against international organizations. In doing so, international organization need cooperation from Member States. But this cooperation depends on each international organizations. This dissertation aims to show how, within the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN) and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), what are the legal mechanisms that enable international organizations to prevent and to prosecute those who commit financial crimes against them. ; Les pertes financières dues à la faiblesse ou à l'insuffisance des moyens de contrôle en leur sein ont contraint les organisations internationales à se doter de mécanismes de contrôle capables de contrôler suffisamment leurs ressources financières et d'assurer efficacement la protection de leurs intérêts financiers contre les atteintes qui leurs faites. Car, la réussite de leurs missions dépend dans une large mesure de la bonne utilisation de leurs ressources financières. Les mécanismes juridiques ainsi mis en place, dans le cadre de cette protection, permettent d'effectuer des contrôles financiers aux moyens d'audits et d'appliquer des sanctions contre les infractions qui portent atteinte à leurs intérêts financiers. C'est dans cette perspective que les Etats membres sont mis à contribution. Mais, la participation des Etats à cette protection varie en fonction des organisations internationales (OI). En s'appuyant sur l'exemple de l'Union européenne (UE), qui a su très tôt concevoir un ensemble d'instruments juridiques efficaces, la présente thèse aborde le ...

Financial losses caused by lack of appropriate means of control has led international organizations to implement some mechanism that help them to protect their financial resources from diversion. Indeed, in order to reach their goals, international organizations need a good financial management. Legal mechanisms put in place to protect financial assets of international organizations allow them to oversee their financial management and help them prosecute those who commit financial crimes against international organizations. In doing so, international organization need cooperation from Member States. But this cooperation depends on each international organizations. This dissertation aims to show how, within the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN) and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), what are the legal mechanisms that enable international organizations to prevent and to prosecute those who commit financial crimes against them. ; Les pertes financières dues à la faiblesse ou à l'insuffisance des moyens de contrôle en leur sein ont contraint les organisations internationales à se doter de mécanismes de contrôle capables de contrôler suffisamment leurs ressources financières et d'assurer efficacement la protection de leurs intérêts financiers contre les atteintes qui leurs faites. Car, la réussite de leurs missions dépend dans une large mesure de la bonne utilisation de leurs ressources financières. Les mécanismes juridiques ainsi mis en place, dans le cadre de cette protection, permettent d'effectuer des contrôles financiers aux moyens d'audits et d'appliquer des sanctions contre les infractions qui portent atteinte à leurs intérêts financiers. C'est dans cette perspective que les Etats membres sont mis à contribution. Mais, la participation des Etats à cette protection varie en fonction des organisations internationales (OI). En s'appuyant sur l'exemple de l'Union européenne (UE), qui a su très tôt concevoir un ensemble d'instruments juridiques efficaces, la présente thèse aborde le ...

In this paper the author points out to the importance of main organizations for establishing of international peace and security. They are the following: League of Nations, United Nations, Organizations of European Security and Co-operation, Conference of European Security and Co-operation, European Council, West European Union and NATO. Until the end of the Cold war, the universal organizations have played primordial role, but after the mentioned period the regional ones took the lead. The reason lies in the shift in balance of power - from bipolar to unipolar. The League of Nations and CESC can be observed from the historic perspective. NATO and UN played a crucial role during the internationalization of Kosovo issue and the act of intervention itself. NATO demonstrated its power and proved in the absence of real balance of power, la force l'emporte sur le droit. On the other hand, UN had passed several resolutions that condemned violence in Kosovo and Metohia (1160, 1199 and 1203 - all passed in 1998). During 1999 Security Council had passed a famous Resolution 1244, by which it was decided a civic and military mission should be established in Kosovo and Metohia - UNMIK and KFOR KFOR dealt with security issues in order to ensure the respect of it to all nationalities in Kosovo and Metohia. UNMIK set a very ambitious task lying ahead trying to establish standards before the future status. Realizing that it would be impossible to reach the standards, UNMIK started with the policy of status determination without standards establishing. The outcome of such policy is Ahtissari's Plan for supervised Independence of Kosovo, and finally the Declaration of Self-proclaimed Independence of Kosovo. We are also witnessing the transfer of horizontal and vertical effective state authorizations to the mentioned international organizations, bearing in mind problems it encounters. NATO deals with security issues, but European Union being unable to deal with such tasks (ESDP policy is to be as attempt), is more concentrated on economic issues.