Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article discusses the role of credit insurance in Armenia as an important mechanism for promoting export diversification, growth and sustainable development. The authors show that a market gap in demand for export financing, as compared with existing supply, is mainly attributed to the use of two‐factor models by commercial banks, limited product knowledge, and increased risk of cross‐border trade transactions. The authors analyse the key drivers for export financing and export insurance, showing the immediate impact the Armenian export credit agency has achieved over the past two years, and argue its defining role for the development of value chains over the medium and long term.

This study has been prepared in order to research the forms of application of the Service Export Insurance product on the basis of countries in the world, to determine who prefers this product and in which situations it is applied. Another aim of the study is to research how it can be applied to economic activities in the most efficient way in our country's own dynamics. Service exports in Turkey were included in the coverage of receivables insurance by Turk Eximbank in 2021. The purpose of this insurance is to protect the forward receivables formed by exporting services against commercial and political risks in order to encourage and develop service exports. In the study, the applications of export credit institutions operating in the global market were researched with the literature review method, and based on these examples, suggestions were made by Turk Eximbank about improvements in existing applications and new applications that are not currently available. In consequence of review of the studies in the field of export, it has been seen that there are studies in different fields, but academic studies on service insurance in exports are very limited, and therefore, it is aimed to bring a study to the literature with this study. (This study was produced from a doctoral thesis.)

This report discusses the ongoing debate regarding the Export-Import Bank of the United States, a federal government corporation which is the the official export credit agency (ECA) of the U.S. Government.

This paper is the first one to analyze official government export promotion in all four post-communist Central European Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia). Similar development of those economies in transition period after the fall of communism is described and their extremely fast and successful reorientation towards Western markets is emphasized. Nowadays each government in the region implements its own export strategy, where interestingly each country defines different priority territories for their export. The core of this paper is analysis of export credit agencies in Visegrad countries. Firstly we compare advantages and disadvantages of different forms of export credit agencies. Then we apply empirical data from international trade in gravity model framework and we conclude that the most effective type of export credit agency in Visegrad Four region is currently Polish KUKE which is an institution operating in the form of an insurance company. Other forms such as a bank and an institution providing both insurance and financing facilities are currently less effective. We confirm that smaller distance and higher GDP increase the amount of export in line with basic intuition of a gravity model of international trade.

Describes the goals of the Export-Import Bank of the US to keep trade flowing & growing to spur long-term economic growth, focusing on US-Latin American trade. As an export credit agency, its job is to provide financing to emerging markets. Free trade is advocated, & the Ex-Im Bank looks to play a role in helping expand the positive forces of globalization. Specific Latin American loan authorizations are cited, as well as other ways it has fostered the meeting of shared US-Latin American economic goals. J. Zendejas

Germany was considered the world's export champion for a long time, until it was overtaken by China in 2009. Both nations provide officially supported export credits to national exporting organizations, but the two systems operate differently. German export credit guarantees serve as a substitute when the private market is unable to assume the risks of exporting companies. The German Export Credit Agency Euler Hermes is responsible for processing applications on behalf of the Federal Government. China belongs to the largest providers of export finance with the institutions China EXIM and Sinosure. While Germany is bound by the OECD consensus, which defines the level playing field, Chinese export credit agencies have greater flexibility not being bound by international rules or agreements.