Suchergebnisse

The bioaccumulation of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb was determined in the livers, kidneys and muscles of Oncorhynchus mykiss trout at seven production centers in the province of Yauli, Junín-Peru. The determination and quantification of total heavy metals in water samples collected monthly from the production sites and in 28 trout that averaged 250 g and 27 cm was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, according to the methodology recommended by FAO. Levels of Zn, Fe and Pb were found to exceed the environmental quality standards established by the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment for the rivers of the coast and highlands, as well as the quality standards of the European Union for the cultivation of trout, while levels of Cu conformed with those standards. Concentration of Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb in the livers, kidneys and muscles exceeded the maximum permissible limits established by the European Union for fish meat and by the Mexican official standard, NOM-027-SSA1-1993, for fresh, refrigerated and frozen fishery products, in the case of Pb. The correlation between the concentrations of copper, zinc, iron and lead in the water and the concentrations of these metals in the livers, kidneys and muscles is low and not significant, except for copper, which had a significant correlation. ; The bioaccumulation of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb was determined in the livers, kidneys and muscles of Oncorhynchus mykiss trout at seven production centers in the province of Yauli, Junín-Peru. The determination and quantification of total heavy metals in water samples collected monthly from the production sites and in 28 trout that averaged 250 g and 27 cm was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, according to the methodology recommended by FAO. Levels of Zn, Fe and Pb were found to exceed the environmental quality standards established by the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment for the rivers of the coast and highlands, as well as the quality standards of the European Union for the cultivation of trout, while levels of Cu conformed with those standards. Concentration of Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb in the livers, kidneys and muscles exceeded the maximum permissible limits established by the European Union for fish meat and by the Mexican official standard, NOM-027-SSA1-1993, for fresh, refrigerated and frozen fishery products, in the case of Pb. The correlation between the concentrations of copper, zinc, iron and lead in the water and the concentrations of these metals in the livers, kidneys and muscles is low and not significant, except for copper, which had a significant correlation. ; A bioacumulação de metais pesados de Cu, Zn, Fe e Pb no fígado, rim e músculo da truta Oncorhynchus mykiss foi determinada em sete centros de produção na província de Yauli, Junín-Peru. A determinação e quantificação do total de metais pesados em amostras de água coletadas mensalmente nos locais de produção e em 28 trutas de 250 g e 27 cm em média foram realizadas por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, de acordo com a metodologia recomendada pela FAO. Com exceção do Cu, alguns níveis de Zn, Fe e Pb foram encontrados na água em padrões de qualidade ambiental superiores aos estabelecidos pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente do Peru para os rios do litoral e planalto, e aos padrões de qualidade da União Europeia para o cultivo da truta. A concentração de Cu, Zn, Fe e Pb no fígado, nos rins e nos músculos excedeu os limites máximos permitidos pela União Europeia para a carne de peixe; e pela NOM-027-SSA1-1993 mexicana para os produtos frescos da pesca, refrigerados e congelados, no caso de Pb. A correlação entre a concentração de cobre, zinco, ferro e chumbo em água e a concentração destes metais no fígado, rim e no músculo, é baixa e não significativa, exceto para cobre que teve correlação significativa.

O texto esclarece o que sao as Zonas de Processamento de Exportacoes, que funcao teriam, e suas vantagens para as regioes Norte e Nordeste do pais, na visao do governo. Apesar da ideia de cria-las tenha sido rejeitada ate pela Assembleia Constitucional, o governo insiste em realiza-la. O autor critica a proposta governamental, apresentando pontos negativos e sua inviabilidade

The article discusses the impacts the unification of EC markets in 1993 may have upon Brazilian manufactured exports. The analysis also encompasses the effects of the European Economic Zone, between the EC and EFTA, as well as EC's inevitable integration with Eastern Europe. The main finding is that the reduction of NBTs will have a net positive effect on Brazilian manufactured exports. However, it is also argued that Brazil is threatened both by indirect effects derived from some aspects of policy harmonization, as well as by the possibility of being discriminated against more favored EC partners of the ACP and the periphery of Europe

In order to test the hypothesis that economic regions with highly diversified export structures will observe more efficient export portfolios than those with only moderate or no portfolio diversification, this paper applies the Markowitz model to three Brazilian economic regions: the South, the Southeast and the Northeast. The results show that the portfolio theory can provide policymakers with an alternative device for assessing export earnings instability and export promotion strategies

Este artigo trata da estimacao de equacoes de exportacao em um arcabouco de mecanismo de correcao de erros. Se da atencao especial a um possivel problema de instabilidade dos parametros, resultante da mudanca no regime de politica comercial induzida pelas medidas de promocao de exportacoes adotadas durante o periodo de meados ao final dos anos 60. Sao estimados modelos de coeficientes fixos e, para investigar a questao da mudanca nos parametros, utilizados o filtro de Kalman, em suas formas classica e bayesiana, e a tecnica de "switching regressions". (Pesqui Planej Econ/DÜI)

Este trabalho procura determinar a posicao relativa do Brasil ante o mercado mundial de cafe. Neste contexto pretende-se verificar se o pais ainda e formador de precos nesse mercado. Fazendo uso do teste de causalidade de Sims, chega-se a conclusao de que o Brasil ja e tomador de precos, ao contrario do que indica a literatura especializada. A politica de defesa de precos, praticada pelo pais desde 1906, e apontada como a principal causa dessa mudanca. (Pesqui Planej Econ/DÜI)

Algumas analises do desempenho recente das exportacoes brasileiras tendem a enfatizar o papel de fatores estruturais, que teriam aparentemente influenciado o crescimento das exportacoes de maneira mais decisiva que os precos relativos. E possivel argumentar que entre esses fatores deve ser incluida a importancia crescente dos intercambios de tipo intrasetorial e intrafirma, que certamente afetam uma pauta de exportacoes, composta preponderantemente por produtos industrializados, e permanecem pouco explorados na literatura sobre exportacoes brasileiras. Neste artigo, procura-se contribuir para esse debate, apresentando estimativas das exportacoes intrafirma para os anos de 1980 e 1990. (Pesqui Planej Econ/DÜI)

Apresenta-se uma breve analise do comportamento dos principais fatores que contribuiram para a determinacao das exportacoes de manufaturados em anos recentes. Em seguida, sao feitos alguns comentarios a respeito da especificacao de modelos de equilibrio e desequilibrio para as exportacoes brasileiras de manufaturados. Por fim, comparam-se os resultados obtidos atraves da estimacao dos dois modelos com aqueles disponiveis na literatura brasileira

State exports in Brazil: estimations of price and income elasticities. This paper analyses the recent performance of Brazilian exports, based on estimations of price and income elasticities of states external sellings. After presenting an overview of the national position, the aim is to check if, by exporting dynamic goods of high value, some of them were able to achieve an external position different from Brazilian's. Nevertheless, the results, as the ones obtained by other empirical works, indicate that all but one states have inelastic exports with respect to both prices and income. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)