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"Few intellectual property books concentrate on external innovation and more particularly on dealing with external inventors and handling their inventions. Harvesting External Innovation is different. It begins by examining the broad subject of innovation, stressing the need to understand its forms and phases, ways and means to encourage innovation. It then addresses the growing phenomenon of external innovation, where companies are cooperating and collaborating with a variety of external parties, driven by a passion for innovation. Intellectual property, especially patents, plays a fundamental role promoting and protecting innovation, regardless of whether that innovation comes from internal employees or persons external to the company. Donal O'Connell specifically examines this responsibility. A number of different approaches to engaging with the external innovator community are then considered, together with real life case studies. Harvesting External Innovation discusses in depth how best to handle intellectual property matters, how to actually work with these external inventors and how to handle their inventions, including a suggested process and check list."--Provided by publisher.

Nature and extent of Nicaraguan external dependence, changing sources and levels of foreign economic assistance since 1979, and United States economic pressure on Nicaragua.

The article deals with one of the most important characteristics of Indian economy – its external debt. The author analyses in detail the composition of Indian external debt as well as the government's policy on its payment. The article also presents different indicators on external debt, which characterize the depth of the economic problem for India.

Each time this writer has prepared a three-yearly update on the external relations of the Union, the Treaty framework has changed and the sense that Europe's leaders are being distracted from vital problems grows. The Constitution for Europe now on offer, the result of a mandate from the European Council at Laeken to effect a simplification of the treaties with a view to making them better understood without changing their meaning, would introduce new legal uncertainties into the framework for the conduct of external relations. Its entry into force, however, now appears unlikely.

The European Union has extensive competences to engage with the world beyond its borders. Therefore, the UK's own relationships with non-EU countries are deeply embedded in the EU institutional framework, and the process of Brexit will require substantial legal reform in the UK. The term 'external relations' in fact covers an extremely wide set of policies which rely on a diverse set of legal competences. For this reason, we tend not to use the term 'foreign policy' unless this refers to the 'political' as opposed to 'economic' aspects, though even these are not always easily separated. 'External relations' is taken to cover the Common Commercial Policy, the powers of the EU to make agreements with 'third' – i.e. non-EU – countries, neighbourhood policy, development policy, relations with international institutions and what is known as the 'external dimension of internal policies'. The latter refers to a long-standing legal principle set out by the Court of Justice in Case 22-70 AETR, under which the EU has implied external competence where it enjoys internal competence. In addition to the wide variety of external competences which are scattered throughout the treaties, the legal instruments and institutional arrangements which apply across these areas are not the same throughout. This makes external relations a particularly complex area which the UK will need to extract itself from. We will address two of the main focal points of EU external relations: the CCP and the CFS.

That was the title of a ten page piece published last week by the ANZ economics team (chief economist Sharon Zollner and one of her offsiders, who appears to be a temporary secondee from the Reserve Bank). You can find a link to the paper here. The gist is captured in the paper’s summary I … Continue reading Finding external balance

Discusses key European Union foreign policy developments in 2004. Attention is given to the Common Foreign & Security Policy/European Security & Defense Policy, external trade & commercial policy, development cooperation policy & humanitarian aid, & the European Economic Area & the European Free Trade Assoc. EU relations with various regions in 2004 are then reviewed. J. Zendejas

The Treaty of Amsterdam, signed on 2 October 1997 and in force since 1 May 1999, will make important changes to the external powers and procedures of the European Union.