Suchergebnisse

We may translate anthropogenic climate change as a reaction of our planet to our unsustainable economic activities. This research explores whether environmental policies have been impacted by extreme climatic events like droughts, floods, storms, tornados, and wildfires. We use yearly panel data from 1990 to 2017 for the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries to examine such a relationship. To have an impartial analysis, we control major variables influencing environmental policies such as energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), population, technology, head of the state's political affiliation, carbon emission, and waste generation. The analysis results suggest that policymakers make more stringent environmental decisions as the death rate increases and environmental threats become more imminent putting human life is at risk; this correlation is stronger in the case of European Countries.

1. Introduction to Climate Change and Extreme Weather 2. Temperature Extremes in a Changing Climate 3. Link between Climate Change and Duration and Frequency of Stream Extreme Temperatures 4. Severe Convective Storms in a Changing Climate (Tornadoes) 5. Precipitation Extremes in a Changing Climate 6. Ecosystem Responses to Precipitation Extremes: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Implications 7. Flood Warning for a Resilient Future under a Changing Climate. (Tentative) 8. Lifeline Infrastructures and Hydro-climate Extremes Climate: A Future Outlook 9. Form, Function and Nomenclature: Deconstructing Green Infrastructure and its Role in a Changing Climate 10. Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Sea Level Rise in Coastal Cities of Developing Countries 11. Multilevel governance of climate change adaptation: Future outlook 12. Change Governance at the Federal, State and Local Levels; Politics and Jurisdictional Capacity

AbstractUrbanization and urban development, along with the acceleration of population growth, the development of industrial activities or the consumption of fossil fuels has greatly increased the air pollution, with the consequences of it being, in the first place, a variety of diseases and respiratory illnesses, exacerbations of cardiovascular, pulmonary, skin diseases, etc. The inhabitants of cities are noticed. On the other hand, climatic parameters such as humidity, sunshine hours, temperature, and pressure and the amount of solar radiation increases the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere and increases the coefficient of their effect on humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, by altering the composition of effective gases in the life of the earth's organisms and disturbing their balance, humans injure themselves and the environment, causing wide variations in the climate patterns of the earth, and on the other hand their health and well-being put at risk. In this paper, the relationship between climatic elements with the various diseases in Khoozestan province has been investigated (suspended PM). For this purpose, after the data collection, statistical calculations were carried out and the results were presented as tables and charts and the relationship between one variables with patients were examined. The results show that there is a significant and strong correlation between climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation with several disease.

This Research Topic "Extreme Events in the Developing World" showcases a selection of articles that develop our knowledge of extreme events in the developing world. Papers range from those presenting recent evidence for and future likelihood of changes in the occurrence and exposure to extreme events, together with examples of the impacts of extreme events in a variety of sectors. Papers also consider the range of climate services responses to this challenge, highlighting the need for new types of weather and climate information, new methods of producing and communicating that information in order to reduce risk, as well as providing some key examples of success stories, with a particular focus on Africa. Our intention here is to balance some of the bad news with what might work, and how we might learn from such examples. ; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); UK Government's Department for International Development (DFID); UKRI Global Challenges Research Fund Africa-SWIFT project; NASA GPM project. ; https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/climate ; dm2022 ; Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Editors -- The Series Editor -- Series Preface -- Part I Introduction -- Chapter 1 Governance Challenges Facing Hydrometeorological Extreme Events -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Facing hydrometeorological extreme events -- 1.3 Floods -- 1.3.1 Definition and characteristics -- 1.3.2 Impacts and adaptation -- 1.4 Drought -- 1.4.1 Definition and characteristics -- 1.4.2 Impacts and adaptation -- 1.5 Coastal storms -- 1.5.1 Coastal zone delimitation -- 1.5.2 Definition and characteristics -- 1.5.3 Impacts and adaptation -- 1.6 Governance issues related to hydrometeorological extreme events -- 1.6.1 Addressing governance issues -- 1.6.2 Analytical framework based on adaptive governance -- 1.6.3 Analytical framework based on risk governance -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Overview of the Content of the Book -- 2.1 Floods -- 2.2 Droughts -- 2.3 Coastal storms -- Part II Floods -- Part II.1 Actors Involved in Flood Risk Management -- Chapter 3 European Actors Facing Floods Risks -- 3.1 European actors in the field of civil security: A competence which develops within a strict framework of cooperation between the Member States -- 3.2 European actors in the field of the environment: Powers that are paradoxically limited -- 3.2.1 The competence of EU actors -- 3.2.2 The missions of EU actors -- 3.3 European actors in the field of agriculture: Could there be specific powers to deal with floods? -- 3.4 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Multi-actor, Multilevel Assessment of Social Capacity for Community Engagement in Flood Risk Preparedness: Results of Implementation in Five European Cases -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Towards a multi‐stakeholder flood risk management approach -- 4.1.2 Social capacity building towards resilience.

Applications of Extreme Value Theory to Environmental Data Analysis /Gwladys Toulemonde, Pierre Ribereau, and Philippe Naveau --Dynamical Systems Approach to Extreme Events /Catherine Nicolis and Gregoire Nicolis --Skill of Data-based Predictions versus Dynamical Models: A Case Study on Extreme Temperature Anomalies /Stefan Siegert, Jochen Bröcker, and Holger Kantz --Detecting and Anticipating Climate Tipping Points /Timothy M. Lenton and Valerie N. Livina --Understanding ENSO Variability and Its Extrema: A Delay Differential Equation Approach /Michael Ghil and Ilya Zaliapin --Drivers of Extreme Space Weather Events: Fast Coronal Mass Ejections /Alexander Ruzmaikin, Joan Feynman, and Stilian Stoev --Chicxulub Asteroid Impact: An Extreme Event at the Cretaceous/Paleogene Boundary /Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi and Ligia Pérez-Cruz --Weather and Climatic Drivers of Extreme Flooding Events over the Midwest of the United States /Andrew W. Robertson, Yochanan Kushnir, Upmanu Lall, and Jennifer Nakamura --Analysis of the Hazards and Vulnerability of the Cancun Beach System: The Case of Hurricane Wilma /Edgar Mendoza, Rodolfo Silva, Cecilia Enriquez-Ortiz, Ismael Mariño-Tapia, and Angélica Felix --Observations and Modeling of Environmental and Human Damage Caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami /Kazuhisa Goto, Fumihiko Imamura, Shunichi Koshimura, and Hideaki Yanagisawa --Extreme Capillary Wave Events Under Parametric Excitation /Michael G. Shats, Hua Xia, and Horst Punzmann --A Review of Great Magnitude Earthquakes and Associated Tsunamis along the Guerrero, Mexico Pacific Coast: A Multiproxy Approach /María-Teresa Ramírez-Herrera, Néstor Corona, and Gerardo Suárez --Landslide Risk to the Population of Italy and Its Geographical and Temporal Variations /Paola Salvati, Mauro Rossi, Cinzia Bianchi, and Fausto Guzzetti --An Extreme Event Approach to Volcanic Hazard Assessment /Servando De la Cruz-Reyna and Ana Teresa Mendoza-Rosas --Economic Impact of Extreme Events: An Approach Based on Extreme Value Theory /Richard W. Katz --Extreme Magnitude Earthquakes and Their Direct Economic Impacts: A Hybrid Approach /Mario Chavez, Eduardo Cabrera, Silvia Garcia, Erik Chavez, Mike Ashworth, Narciso Perea, and Alejandro Salazar --Tropical Cyclones: From the Influence of Climate to Their Socioeconomic Impacts /Suzana J. Camargo and Solomon M. Hsiang --Impacts of Natural Disasters on a Dynamic Economy /Andreas Groth, Patrice Dumas, Michael Ghil, and Stéphane Hallegatte --Extreme Tsunami Events in the Mediterranean and Its Impact on the Algerian Coasts /Lubna A. Amir, Walter Dudley, and Brian G. McAdoo --High-Tech Risks: The 2011 Tôhoku Extreme Events /Heriberta Castaños and Cinna Lomnitz --On Predictive Understanding of Extreme Events: Pattern Recognition Approach, Prediction Algorithms, Applications to Disaster Preparedness /Vladimir Keilis-Borok, Alexandre Soloviev, and Andrei Gabrielov.

The monograph covers the fundamentals and the consequences of extreme geophysical phenomena like asteroid impacts, climatic change, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, flooding, and space weather. This monograph also addresses their associated, local and worldwide socio-economic impacts. The understanding and modeling of these phenomena is critical to the development of timely worldwide strategies for the prediction of natural and anthropogenic extreme events, in order to mitigate their adverse consequences. This monograph is unique in as much as it is dedicated to recent theoretical, numerical and empirical developments that aim to improve: (i) the understanding, modeling and prediction of extreme events in the geosciences, and, (ii) the quantitative evaluation of their economic consequences. The emphasis is on coupled, integrative assessment of the physical phenomena and their socio-economic impacts. With its overarching theme, Extreme Events: Observations, Modeling and Economics will be relevant to and become an important tool for researchers and practitioners in the fields of hazard and risk analysis in general, as well as to those with a special interest in climate change, atmospheric and oceanic sciences, seismo-tectonics, hydrology, and space weather.

"We use aggregate country data as well as individual level survey to uncover, for the first time, the effect of extreme events such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks on entrepreneurial activity. We find that natural disasters and terrorist attacks influence individual perceptions of the rewards to entrepreneurship and, more surprisingly, extreme events affect entrepreneurship rates positively in a robust and significant way." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

We use aggregate country data as well as individual level survey to uncover, for the first time, the effect of extreme events such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks on entrepreneurial activity. We find that natural disasters and terrorist attacks influence individual perceptions of the rewards to entrepreneurship and, more surprisingly, extreme events affect entrepreneurship rates positively in a robust and significant way. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.]

Designing Resilience presents case studies of extreme events and analyzes the ability of affected individuals, institutions, governments, and technological systems to cope with disaster. Individual case studies, including Hurricane Katrina in the United States, the London bombings, and French preparedness for the Avian flu, are analyzed to determine effective and ineffective strategies.-- Publisher description.

In the wake of severe climatic events and terrorist acts, and the emergence of dangerous technologies, communities, nations, and global organizations have diligently sought to create strategies to prepare for such events. Designing Resilience presents case studies of extreme events and analyzes the ability of affected individuals, institutions, governments, and technological systems to cope with disaster.This volume defines resilience as it relates to disaster management at specific stages: mitigation, prevention, preparation, and response and recovery. The book illustrates models by which to

Providing public security is a fundamental function of government. As the class and degree of threat vary, government agencies must adapt to changing conditions or risk failing their basic mission. The events of September 11, 2001, illustrated the limits of governmental performance in identifying and interrupting actions intended to harm innocent citizens. These events are examined against the resources, range, and limits of governmental capacity to adapt to the emerging threat of terrorism, and an alternative perspective on administrative performance as a complex adaptive system is proposed. This perspective redefines the search for public security as a dynamic process that balances mechanisms of control with processes of information search, exchange, and feedback among public, private, and nonprofit organizations and is supported by a well–designed information infrastructure. The article concludes that the search for public security is an interactive learning process that, while guided by public organizations, must involve responsible participation by private and nonprofit organizations as well as an informed citizenry.