Suchergebnisse

FEMALE LABOR FORCE IN LEBANON

The goal of the study entitled "Female Labor Force in Lebanon" is to provide the data base needed to formulate prioritized strategy related to the supply of and demand for women in the Lebanese labor market and to design adequate plans of action and policies to implement such a strategy.

The study aims at providing a profile of working women; estimating the size of the Lebanese female labor force in selected economic activities and sectors; highlighting the conditions in which women work; demonstrating the social andcultural problems that working women face; and detecting employer preferences to identify trends of demand.

The female labor force participation level in Turkey is currently very low at 27 percent compared with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD and European Union, or EU-19 averages of 61 and 64 percent respectively. This rate has been declining in the last 30 years from a level of 48 percent in 1980. This paper looks at the most recent trends and profiles of labor force participation of women in Turkey using three different household level data sources in available Turkey (HBS, LFS and TDHS) for the period 2003-2006. The paper also reports a multivatiate analysis on the probability of working for women, controlling for various characteristics.

After half a century of sustained growth, female labor force participation has
decelerated in Latin America, especially among married vulnerable women. Based on a
large database of microdata from household surveys, this paper documents this recent
deceleration and provides evidence on the determinants. We argue that the fast economic
growth experienced by the region in the 2000s was an important driving force: lower
unemployment and higher earnings of male partners plus increased social assistance may
have reduced the pressing need for vulnerable women to take low-quality jobs.
JEL Codes: J2, J1

Abstract
In the United States, approximately 20% of employed mothers with children under 5 use grandparents as their primary source of childcare. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), we investigate whether the availability of this source of childcare has a causal effect on mother's labor force participation. We compare Ordinary Least Squares 0(OLS), women's Fixed Effects (FE) and Instrumental Variables (IV) estimates. We find that OLS estimates overestimate the effect of grandparental childcare on young mothers' labor force participation and are not significantly different from IV estimates. In our preferred specification, FE, we find that the availability of grandparental childcare significantly increases mothers' labor force participation by 9 percentage points and that this effect is largely driven by minority, single or never married mothers. Our findings suggest that policies that raise retirement ages might increase older cohorts' labor participation rates at the expense of young women's through childcare availability.

JEL codes

J2; I3.