Suchergebnisse

This article describes the implementation and use of a decision support system designed to conduct cross‐sectional analyses of local government finances. A hypothetical situation using actual data from Illinois counties is constructed to illustrate the uses of the system. It is argued that the incorporation of this type of information, in conjunction with other local data, may lend additional capacity in resource allocation and policy formation at both the state and local levels of government.

Selected Paper of 8th World Conference on Business, Economics and Management (BEM-2019) 26–28 April 2019, Grand Park Lara Hotel Convention Center, Antalya, Turkey ; The existence of cryptocurrency a decade ago is an inescapable reality that at the moment generates a high financial influence at global level, the fact that obliges us to know and to study them. Our questions are essentially at three levels: their acceptance, or not, by the States in the face of the paper-money issued by their Central Banks and how the Private Banks react to this virtual currency created in particular; what actions have Tax Administrations at the global level faced with the wealth they generate and the financial values that move in the real economy. Our study is based on the doctrine that already exists, but mainly financial reports produced by central banks and private banking as well as by tax administrations. Finally, we present our conclusions on the current state of analysis and financial studies of the banking system and tax administrations and, of course, our opinion.

with the invention of the first non-official virtual currency, the Bitcoin – BTC and the production of the first 50 BTCs. This reality had caused a real revolution in the financial world what was demonstrated by the indicators that shows the existence of 2116 cryptocurrency. This contrasts with the fact that, in January, the Bank of Portugal just considered the exchange world rates level as the existence of 115 states official currencies. It´s important to be aware that in the cryptocurrency the traded top of the ranking are: (i) bitcoin – with the penetration quote in that market 52,4%; (ii) XRP; (iii) ethereum; (iv) bitcoin cash and (v) EOS.Considering the cryptocurrency world daily transactions, it´s possible to state that in 24 hours only, for instance between 02h50 - 24/01 and 02h50 25/01/2019, in cryptocurrency were negotiated the equivalent to the € 13.025.863.931. The cryptocurrency problems are faced in different levels, namely, the juridical nature, the interference to the nuclear context of the law within the States to generate, coin and control the emission of their own currency; the implications in the States Budgets, especially concerning the fiscal revenues to face the expenses; in the States relationships complications due the international commercial exchanges and consequent payment in currency types, as their conversion to the currency of the export State. If we revue the positions already assumed by different bank outbound currency institutions, those who are the currency controllers in multiple States, we face, for instance, positions in a total interdiction in the cryptocurrency utilization as a payment method; there are others that alert to the structural risks of the coins especially emitted; others assume these types of virtual currency as commodities, this means, there is a limbo due a reality and the integration in the national, regional and world market, obviously, ruled. So, it´s urgent that States, through their internal legislations and their Taxation Authorities, decide and adopt their position concerning the taxation of these facts, with capacity to generate the receipt to their budgets, preserving the principles of the contributive capacity and the equality, without impose and demand to the owners of the incomes, wealth and patrimony in cryptocurrency the same participation in the expenses with the public purse, as they use to do with people who are in same circumstances, but that was made with the official currency. It´s very well known that in the beginning of 2009 Satoshi Nakamoto started the creation of the cryptocurrencies with the invention of the first non-official virtual currency, the Bitcoin – BTC and the production of the first 50 BTCs. This reality had caused a real revolution in the financial world what was demonstrated by the indicators that shows the existence of 2116 cryptocurrency. This contrasts with the fact that, in January, the Bank of Portugal just considered the exchange world rates level as the existence of 115 states official currencies. It´s important to be aware that in the cryptocurrency the traded top of the ranking are: (i) bitcoin – with the penetration quote in that market 52,4%; (ii) XRP; (iii) ethereum; (iv) bitcoin cash and (v) EOS. This study aims to achieve and present the analysis of the Fiscal State characteristic and its inherent privative function of issue currency, aiming ensure the pursuit of ensure their constitutional duties. So, the study includes the constitutionally and the validity of a competitive currency to achieve the analysis of their implication in the States Budgets by the issue currency without a national or international authority with competence recognized by the States.

"Public Budgeting in African Nations aims to provide usable budgeting and fiscal policy management information to development practitioners interested in improving the performance of governments in the context of good governance. It shares regional and cross-cultural experiences with international audiences and gives reflective attention to comparative budgeting and fiscal policy management. With a promising economic and fiscal forecast, such information is timely for international development practitioners and for scholars and researchers interested in advancing development management. This book adopts an interdisciplinary/pragmatic approach to analyze and present research findings on public budgeting as a sustainable development tool. The central argument is that development practice will benefit from a bottom-up, decentralized approach to budgeting and fiscal policy management, involving national, sub-national, and civil society institutions. From this perspective, a balanced budget should draw from and reflect values and priorities across the full spectrum of social and political life."--Publisher's description