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Since the 50s, the central idea in the Fisheries Economics is that, in conditions of free access and competition, the market will lead to market equilibrium solutions that imply the overexploitation of the resources. This fundamental result is due to Scott Gordon in his seminal article of 1954, The Economic Theory of a Common Property Resource: The Fishery, in the Journal of Political Economy.But, in fact, another (more antique) article put the problem and suggested this approach to its understanding: In a short paper, in 1911 (exactly 100 years ago), the Danish economist Jens Warming, put this issue and made a very similar analysis for the fisheries sector.The purpose of this research is to make a reflection on that paper and highlight the explanation proposed for the common property problem and, also, to study the legacy of this interesting fisheries economist to the History of Political Economy.

Since the 50s, the central idea in the Fisheries Economics is that, in conditions of free access and competition, the market will lead to market equilibrium solutions that imply the overexploitation of the resources. This fundamental result is due to Scott Gordon in his seminal article of 1954, "The Economic Theory of a Common Property Resource: The Fishery", in the Journal of Political Economy. But, in fact, another (more antique) article put the problem and suggested this approach to its understanding: In a short paper, in 1911 (exactly 100 years ago), the Danish economist Jens Warming, put this issue and made a very similar analysis for the fisheries sector. The purpose of this research is to make a reflection on that paper and highlight the explanation proposed for the common property problem and, also, to study the legacy of this interesting fisheries economist to the History of Political Economy. ; peer-reviewed

8 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.004 ; Fisheries are one of the main economic sectors affected by marine litter, which can damage gear, reduce catch, and require time to repair or clean nets. This study aims to evaluate the type and density of marine litter in two shallow fishing grounds in the NW Mediterranean Sea, both belonging to the Natura 2000 network. Moreover, it quantifies the fraction of marine litter within the total catch to help understand the potential influence of marine litter on fisheries. Two study areas were selected, one in the vicinity of urban populated areas and high navigational traffic and one in a rural site off an agricultural area. The urban area had more benthic marine litter (393 to 198 kg km) including clinker (residue from coal-burning steamships), fabric, plastics, and processed wood and accounting for up to 38% of the total catch. The rural area had far less marine litter (34–56 kg km), accounting for only 5% of the total catch. Marine litter may have potential negative effects on fisheries; thus we propose that government credit trading programs could be promoted to help recover litter from fishing catches, to reduce fishing costs and hazards to marine ecosystems ; This paper is a result of the research project "Evaluación y seguimiento del Plan de Gestión de Dragas para Embarcación", ref. AG-2016-233, funded by the Department d'Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca (Generalitat de Catalunya) ; Peer Reviewed

In order to optimally utilize marine fishery resources, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia divides Indonesian waters into 11 Fisheries Management Areas (IFMA), one of which is IFMA 713 which includes the waters of Bone Gulf, Bali Sea, Flores Sea and Makassar Strait. This study aims to provide information on the utilization of pelagic fish resources with a focus on the characteristics of fishing areas using purse seine fishing gear in the Makassar Strait and Flores Sea. In this study, 62 fishing trips using purse seines were carried out, each has 31 trips fishing operation in the Makassar Strait and in the waters of Flores Sea, respectively. The main catch and number for each water area was skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) as many as 2,367 fish (Makassar Strait). While in the Flores Sea area, it is dominated by little tuna (Euthynnus sp) with a total of 11,039 fish. The results of this study indicate that the correlation of sea surface temperature with chlorophyll-a in the waters of the Makassar Strait and Flores Sea has a negative relationship with an optimum sea surface temperature of 30.5 °C for skipjack tuna and 28.0 °C for little tuna which corresponds to the chlorophyll-a concentration of 0.3 mg m-3 (skipjack tuna) and 0.2 mg m-3 for little tuna. The vertical distribution of skipjack tuna was found at the optimum depth of around 50 m, while most little tuna was caught in deeper waters around 250 m.

The government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has strongly protested Indonesian fishing in the South China Sea, stating that it considered these waters to be a traditional Chinese fishing area. In fact, however, the area in question is within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Indonesia. This study aims to determine whether the determination of the boundaries of that EEZ was in accordance with the rights and obligations of Indonesia. The research method used was a normative law research, applying statutory and conceptual approaches. This article determines that a State's right within its EEZ is a sovereign right and that the claims of the traditional fishing ground of the South China Sea is not justifiable, from the perspective of international maritime law. The term "traditional fishing ground" is not used in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The determination of fishing rights in a country's territorial waters or EEZ should be based on license by the State that has declared the EEZ. This analysis concludes that China's claims to the South China Sea as a traditional fishing ground has no legal basis. It also states that where a coastal country's EEZ includes a sea border with another country, the two should negotiate a bilateral agreement in accordance with applicable international law and make a commitment to mutual understanding and cooperation.

Fishermen are the livelihood of residents who have a place to live on the coast, fishermen usually do fishing at sea using fishing gear and fishing boats that are very diverse. In addition to using fishing gear and fishing boats that are very diverse, fishermen also conduct fishing in the open sea that does not have definite and written boundaries. This often causes conflicts between fishermen at sea. Because the amount of competition at sea by the fishermen is very much so that conflict can not be avoided. Conflicts between fishermen can occur between local local fishermen and local local fishermen, to fishermen conflicts between regions. Conflicts between fishermen that occur are overcome in various ways and with several related parties including government agencies. This study uses historical research methods consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography Based on the analysis of the source, there is a conflict between the fishermen in Lamongan Regency and the fishermen in Gresik Regency which is a class conflict. Conflicts between fishermen that occur are related to the location of fishing ground between adjacent fishermen and the condition of fishing ground between the regencies of Lamongan and Gresik districts which have their respective advantages. The second is the settlement of conflicts carried out in a friendly manner by the fishermen involved and involving the government if the conflict has occurred in the form of a major conflict and physical contact and a mass riot that requires government officials to intervene and resolve the problem. When inter-fishery problems that occur are still considered to be overcome by fishing groups, the government will not be involved. Keywords: Conflict, Fishing Ground, Fisherme

Not Available ; While the biological aspects of the different commercial species of prawns in Indian waters have been dealt with (Menon, 1951, 1953, 1955; Panikkar and Menon, 1955; George, 1959 & 1961; Shaikhmahmud and Tembe, 1960 and George and George, 1964, Shariff, 1959), no information is available regarding the magnitude of the fishery and the distribution of the species in relation to the various offshore fishing grounds. In the Mangalore zone prawns constituted about 29% of the trawler catches and the present account deals with the prawn production and the catch composition in general. The catches of M.V. Tarpon, Government of India fishing vessel, are dealt with in particular, with reference to the different fishing grounds, depth range and nature of bottom. An attempt is also made to find out the distribution of the species in the different grounds. The information provided here, although of a preliminary nature, 1s nevertheless considered valuable from the point of view of the commercial exploitation of prawns. ; Not Available

Not Available ; While the biological aspects of the different commercial species of prawns in Indian waters have been dealt with (Menon, 1951, 1953, 1955; Panikkar and Menon, 1955; George, 1959 & 1961; Shaikhmahmud and Tembe, 1960 and George and George, 1964, Shariff, 1959), no information is available regarding the magnitude of the fishery and the distribution of the species in relation to the various offshore fishing grounds. In the Mangalore zone prawns constituted about 29% of the trawler catches and the present account deals with the prawn production and the catch composition in general. The catches of M.V. Tarpon, Government of India fishing vessel, are dealt with in particular, with reference to the different fishing grounds, depth range and nature of bottom. An attempt is also made to find out the distribution of the species in the different grounds. The information provided here, although of a preliminary nature, 1s nevertheless considered valuable from the point of view of the commercial exploitation of prawns. ; Not Available

Artisanal fisheries are increasingly been accepted as the panacea for exploiting marine resources in costal Ghana. However evidence mustered over the years indicate that the local fisher-folk who are engaged in small scale fisheries hardly get full participation in making decision governing these resources. The current study examine the factors that constrain fishers participation in decision making and how this impact on their livelihood adaptation strategies. With the combination of the Livelihood Approach and the Intuitional analysis framework, data was collected by interviewing key informants from Chorkor and Nungua fishing communities of Greater Accra, Ghana. Document analysis and observation were also employed in the data collection process. Data was analysed using Miles and Huberman (1994) approaches to data analysis. Findings indicate that, the effective participation of rural fisher-folk in making decisions on access to fishing grounds and other livelihood adaptation strategies is a complex task due to the institutional gap between the formal government and the traditional chiefs of the fishing communities. Further analysis affirmed that the type of decision making chain (top-down approach) pertaining to access, does not promote the effective participation of local fishers since policies are passed down from the top government officials. It was also clear that the fisher-folk are not represented in the Fisheries commission due to that, they are not abreast with the kind of policies that the commission institute regarding access. Pertaining to the vulnerability context, results indicate that although the fisher-folk are vulnerable, a significant number of them had devised several coping strategies out of their current situation of declining catches. Institutions play a major role in fisheries governance however, findings show that the main legislative instrument, Fisheries Act 2002 (Act 625), governing the fisheries sector and the sector ministry have no provision on access to fisheries resources. Out of the discussions of the findings, the study recommends for the development of institutional structures that make it possible to effectively integrate the local fisher-folk in the fisheries commission where major decision and policies are made. Furthermore, using existing viable community customs and traditions to manage local resources have a higher propensity of success because they already have the legitimacy, support and commitment of those they represent. Finally, government should to commit itself to effectively decentralizing the act of decision-making process so as to adequately empower local fisher-folk in implementing their own management objectives. This could immensely improve their livelihood adaptation strategies.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganlisis tentang instrument hukum yang digunakan sebagai dasar dalam upaya penegakan hukum terhadap penangkapan ikan sacara ilegal di wilayah Indonesia, dan sekaligus untuk mengetahui dan menganlisis tentang upaya penyelesaian yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia mengenai Illegal Fishing Ground yang dilakukan oleh Tiongkok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Instrument hukum yang digunakan sebagai dasar dalam upaya penegakan hukum terhadap penangkapan ikan sacara ilegal di wilayah Indonesia, antara lain meliputi: UNCLOS 1982, UU Nomor 6 Tahun, dan juga UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1983. Selanjutnya, mengenai upaya penyelesaian yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia mengenai Illegal Fishing Ground yang dilakukan oleh Tiongkok adalah melalui diplomasi multilateral yang telah diselenggarakan Indonesia dan juga dengan mendatangkan Luhut Binsar Panjaitan selaku Menteri Koordinator Politik Hukum dan Keamanan. Kata Kunci: Yuridiksi Negara, Traditional Fishing Ground, Perairan Natuna. ABSTRACT This study aims to determine and analyze the legal instruments used as the basis for law enforcement efforts against illegal fishing in the territory of Indonesia, and at the same time to find out and analyze the resolution efforts made by the Indonesian Government regarding Illegal Fishing Ground carried out by China. The research method used in this research is the normative method. The results showed that the legal instruments used as the basis for law enforcement efforts against illegal fishing in the territory of Indonesia included: UNCLOS 1982, Law Number 6 Year, and also Law Number 5 Year 1983. Furthermore, regarding the settlement efforts made by the Government of Indonesia regarding Illegal Fishing Ground conducted by China is through multilateral diplomacy that has been held by Indonesia and also by bringing in Luhut Binsar Panjaitan as Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs. Keywords: State Jurisdiction, Traditional Fishing Ground, Natuna Waters.