Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of illustrations -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- 1. Introduction: The irrelevancy of Schengenland and Frontex's rise -- Border evolution -- New 'kids' on the border control block -- Setting Frontex's scene -- Border control actors -- Speaking of culture -- Cultures of border control -- To Schengen or not to Schengen? -- A new border control culture? -- Book overview -- Notes -- References -- 2. Frontex: An insurgent border control actor -- Introduction -- Frontex's birth -- Frontex's governance -- Frontex's expansion -- Frontex's institutional brigade -- Frontex's deeds -- Frontex's role in EU border control: reviewing the literature -- Towards Frontex's reinvigoration: bringing culture in -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 3. Constructing Frontex's culture -- Introduction -- Frontex: the essential EU border control actor -- Delving into Frontex's cultural traits -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4. Constructing the border of Lampedusa -- Introduction -- The island setting -- The making of a border -- Border control conduct and actors -- Frontex on the field -- Border control assumptions and practices in Lampedusa -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 5. Constructing the border of Evros -- Introduction -- The river setting -- The making of a border -- Border control conduct and actors -- Frontex on the field -- Border control assumptions and practices in Evros -- Evros and Lampedusa: drawing differences and similarities -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 6. Border control in process: The rise of Warsaw culture -- Introduction -- Culture loading -- And its name shall be Warsaw culture -- Schengen, Westphalia, Brussels, and Warsaw: Variant in name only? -- From Schengen to Warsaw -- Frontex in Warsaw.

Introduction: the irrelevancy of Schengenland and Frontex's rise -- Frontex: An insurgent border control actor -- Constructing Frontex's culture -- Constructing the border of Lampedusa -- Constructing the border of Evros -- Border control in process: The rise of Warsaw culture -- Challenges to Warsaw culture -- Conclusion: Frontex's leadership and the re-drawing of EU border control.

This paper explores humanitarianism in the practice of Frontex-assisted Greek border police in Evros and of Frontex at their headquarters in Warsaw. Building on the increase in humanitarian justifications for border policing practices as well as the charges of a lack of humanity, the paper analyzes the relations between humanitarian responses and border policing where humanitarianism is used for framing and giving meaning to institutional and operational practices. In offering an interpretive view of border policing undertaken by people in their working lives across sites and scales, it builds on the critical literature addressing the multifaceted nature of border control in Europe today. At the same time, it speaks to wider debates about the double-sided nature of humanitarian governance concerned with care and control. It argues that while humanitarian motivations have implications for operations in the field and help to frame 'good practice' at the policy level, humanitarianism should not be seen as additional or paradoxical to wider border policing operations within forms of governance developed to address the problems of population. Conflict arises in the paradox of protection between the subject of humanitarianism and policing, the population, and the object of border control, the territorially bounded state or regional unit. Adapted from the source document.

Astheimer, S.: Deutschland : Einwanderungsland im Herzen Europas. - S. 3-7

In October 2013, the Italian Coast Guard began an innovative Search and Rescue mission, known as the Mare Nostrum operation, intending to rescue migrants in distress at sea and bring to justice human traffickers and migrant smugglers. In November 2014, after only a year of activity in which all the costs were financed by Italy, Mare Nostrum was officially ended and replaced by the Frontex-led Operation Triton. This paper examines the EU's decision to implement the European Triton operation, the main objectives of this new European mission, and for a better understanding, points out the differences between these two naval operations led by Italy in the Mediterranean Sea. Launched in the Central Mediterranean, the main focus of the Triton operation was the border management control and to a lesser extent the humanitarian scope. Being a response to continuous Italy's calls for aid and the expanded Mediterranean migration crisis, Triton functioned in the same line as two other similar European operations: in Spain, the Hera operation, or in Greece, the Poseidon operation (since 2006). Each operation had a member state, as the sole host state which commanded the entire operation. In February 2018, the Warsaw-based Frontex launched a new operation in the Central Mediterranean, the Themis Operation, to assist Italy in the Schengen border control activity, replacing the Triton operation and removing the much-criticized obligation to bring rescued migrants only to Italy.

The article presents the evolution of Frontex in the context of migration challenges of the EU and the Schengen area, and describes the specificity of agency activities at external borders. Special attention is given to Poland's relations with Frontex, including issues such as operational cooperation between the Polish Border Guard and Frontex, obligations resulting from the location of the agency headquarters in Warsaw, and the government's position regarding the development of the agency in the context of a broader discussion on the EU migration policy. In the study, the author argues that the strong attachment of member states, including Poland, to sovereignty in borders protection limits the possibilities for a creation of a truly European border guard. The article concludes that without an effective system for the protection of external borders, with the crisis of trust between Member States on migration issues, the Schengen area will remain under threat.