Suchergebnisse

A bibliography covering the following categories in family studies: family structure & marriage; family legislation; social policy toward the family; family & social change; family life & SE factors; intrafamiliar relationships; stability & instability; & the woman & the family. S. Karganovic.

On the microsocial level, the family is characterized by its internal inequality (in terms of economics, authority, expectations, etc). Crisis erupts when one of the members tries to disrupt the prevailing unequal relationships. On the macrosocial level, the dynamic of the capitalist mode of production necessarily weakens family cohesiveness; nevertheless, the political system needs a cohesive, integrated, & authoritarian family. There is, therefore, a contradiction between the economic & political requirements of the capitalist system in this area. S. Karganovic.

The study of the values & mores of the Mc family is of particular interest because it most closely reflects the social ideal from which the Uc & Lc have deviated, or to which they have been unable to conform. The following dimensions are discussed: marriage; emotional ties; loyalty; intimidation & shame; birth & death; interfamilial communication; sex; the role of the woman; youth; domestic help; large family; out-of-wedlock children; widowhood; divorce; ideology; interaction between the family & other institutions; the professional family; family as a therapeutic group; the evolution of the family; family facing social change; & the survival of the family. S. Karganovic.

Messianic movements, generally considered apolitical because of their religious emphasis, are a reflection of popular discontent in the face of conflict & change. The principal cause of unrest in the Chinantla region of Mexico has been an intense effort by the central government, beginning in the late 1940s, to tap its natural resources. This has entailed intrusion by the bureaucracy into the daily life cycle of the mainly indigenous inhabitants, & often physical displacement from ancestral homelands to allow the construction of new dams, hydroelectric plants, etc. Despite the conflictual situation thus created, no avenues of communication were provided to enable the natives to voice their complaints & suggestions. The natives responded to these problems through the visionary messages of a local notable, in which the local population's dissatisfaction was given a transcendent sanction. Dissemination of these messages initiated a loose protest movement, whose sacred symbols consisted of a syncretic mixture of Christian & pagan concepts. By 1973, however, the messianic movement had run its course; the people became resigned to acceptance of expropriation of their land, separation of their families, & destruction of their way of life. S. Karganovic.

The regular army of Granada was created at the same time as the nasri state. The first monarch Ibn Yusuf ibn al- Ahmar created it. The African Marinies, of the corp called "The volunteers of the faith" formed it. At the beginning, familiars and clients of the banū Nasr and other noble families belonged to it, and the principal posts were crated after 1.246. The infantry and the cavalry were organized at this time, which took many emigrants driven out of the regions of Andalucia by the Christian Reconquest. One part of the army was permanent and received its pay, and the other was composed of recruit Mercedarian for certain expeditions. Castilian influences appear in the nasri army up to the end of the XIIIth century, in order to know the African influence. The African chiefs will take part in the politics of the State in the reign of Muhamma IV (1.325-1.333). We don't know exactly how many men the nasri army had, but one can say that Granada was the greatest military power of the Iberian Peninsula in the XIVth century. ; L'Etat nasride grenadin parallèlement à sa formation et consolidation, crée ses milices régulières. Oeuvre du premier monarque grenadin Muhammad I Ibn Yūsuf ibn al--Ahmar. Les marinies africains qui formèrent le magnifique corps "des volontaires de la foi" composent cette armée. Aux débuts, appartinrent à cette armée les parents et clients des bānu Nasr et d'autres familles nobles, et ses différentes charges se créèrent à partir de 1246, s'organisant les bataillons d'infanterie et cavalerie, que grossissaient bien des émigrants chassés des régions andalouses par la "Reconquista" chrétienne. Une partie de la milice était permanente et touchait son salaire, et l'autre était composée de mercenaires recrutés pour des expéditions données. Jusqu'au dernier quart du treizième siècle on observe des influences castillanes dans l'équipe militaire nasride qui aboutissent à sa rapide "africanisation"; les chefs africains prirent part puissamment à la politique de l'Etat, spécialement sous le royaume de Muhammad IV (1325-1333). On ne connaît pas avec certitude le nombre d'hommes de l'armée nasride, les sources arabes ne sont pas d'accord sur ce point. Dans le XIVe siècle troublé, Grenade pouvait se considérer la grande puissance militaire de la Péninsule.