Suchergebnisse

Competent demographic policy implies an understanding by the state of the economic, social, and demographic processes taking place in society. In earlier Russian and foreign studies, the authors found a number of fertility factors, however, the direction of influence of such determinants could be opposite. Aware of the special influence of sociocultural attitudes and values of the population on the number of children in a family, the author made an attempt to identify the determinants of fertility based on an empirical study of the World Values Survey. Using statistical and econometric methods, models that reflect the determinants of fertility in modern Russia were constructed. This work revealed a positive effect on the birth rate of religiosity, traditional views and the importance of the family for the respondent. Inversely related to the number of children in a family such factors as the level of education of the population and the value of leisure.

Western researchers highlight financial arguments between spouses as the key predictor of family disruption and divorce. Moreover, such arguments between partners are defined as the most difficult and prolonged. Meanwhile, the topic of money in general is considered an utter taboo in society, due to the underlying matter of power. However, the question of what are the determinants of financial disagreements emerging remains a blank spot in a vast body of research devoted to marital conflicts and financial management. This study is an attempt to fill this gap and answer questions about what may lead to their occurrence. At the theoretical level, it was suggested that there are 5 aspects that influence financial disagreements: financial management in the family, the distribution of power and household responsibilities, each spouse's contribution to the family budget, their employment and financial difficulties in the family. The empirical study is based on the Survey of Consumer Finance data of the 2013 wave, as well as three methods of analysis (classification trees, logistic regression and log-linear analysis). The data shows that the main determinants of frequent disagreements about money in families are: the combination of a cohabitation form of relationship and independent financial management, a couple consisting of a non-thrifty husband and a wasteful wife. To decrease the frequency of financial arguments, it is vital for a man to have traditionalist attitudes and a higher degree of satisfaction with making financial decisions compared to a woman.

The main problem with large families is their social vulnerability caused by exclusion, the latter referring to the restriction of access to public benefits, the inability of people to participate in important aspects of social life. This study aims at identifying social stereotypes which intensify exclusion and (or) prevent the inclusion of large families. The study is based on data from surveys of the population of the North-Western Federal District conducted by VolRC RAS in 2016–2017, as well as materials of qualitative research (focus groups with multi-child parents). As a result, various mechanisms of exclusion (social, economic, personal) and social stereotypes corresponding to each mechanism are defined. The author classifies families with many children by their degree of social exclusion, taking into account the risk of limiting access to various resources. The study shows that mothers with many children face a heightened risk of exclusion. The study reveals stereotypes of parents with several children regarding their willingness to change the situation, while identifying factors that prevent inclusion in labor activity: "alienation", "external reasons", "personal characteristics". The analysis shows that widespread practices of social inclusion include hopes for state support, believing in a lack of effective mechanisms for solving employment problems, a lack of benefits from social support and a decrease in the attractiveness of altruistic ideas in society. The novelty of the results lies in identifying the groups within multi-child families that differ in the level of risk of exclusion, as well as in the contribution of social and personal mechanisms to their exclusion, and indentifying the resources for inclusion among large families.

Currently, we can note positive trends in the formation and development of social service institutions for families. The dynamics of the main statistical indicators characterizing the formation and development of institutions for social services to the family indicates that the number of institutions for social services for families and the system of social protection of the population has increased signifi cantly. At the same time, the burden on specialists dictates the need to develop various mechanisms for working with families. This paper deals with the development and application of cases in social work with families.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of interviews and questionnaire survey of Tajik migrants in Moscow and the Moscow region. The article considers the self-assessment of family relations of migrants from Tajikistan and the material well-being of their families. Correlation factors affecting the state of family relations among migrants from Tajikistan have been identified.
It is noted that the social institution of the family, in addition to the obvious functions of childbearing and upbringing, performs non-specific, but no less important economic functions related to the accumulation and transfer of property, status, organization of production and consumption, household, recreation and leisure. One of the options for implementing this function is the labor migration of family members. It has been established that migrants actively seek to maintain family relations in the case of labor migration. It is recommended that the migrant labor community needs state support to improve the economic situation of their families and reunite with them.
Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that for more than a quarter of migrants, the purpose of staying in the Moscow agglomeration is to provide for their family. The respondents positively assess their relationships in the family and the ability to provide for them. Migration in most cases leads to the transformation of family relationships, as a result of which the ties in the respondents' family are not broken, and they strive to actively maintain contact with the family in an online format. Based on the conducted research and analysis of primary empirical data, the key conclusions about the nature of interaction with relatives of migrants from Tajikistan in Russia are presented.

The aim of the study presented in this article is to determine the characteristics of Russian mothers seeking care and education services for their children. This work examines the transformation of the traditional family function of raising, socializing and educating children. Currently we are witnessing an increase in the number of parents who resort to paid family services. Therefore it is important to understand the evolution of this market segment, what defines consumers' choice of services and which types of services are the most popular, while also assessing costumer satisfaction with the services they acquired. Analysis is conducted based on a series of semi-structured interviews with Russian women who have children of preschool or school age. Respondents included both working (be it on hire or self-employed) and unemployed women. Research was conducted within Nizhniy Novgorod city limits. While conducting the interviews, it was discovered that the basic selection of paid services which parents acquire includes services offered by children's development centers, paid additional lessons at kindergarten or school, sports clubs, dance, art and foreign language lessons; children's parties – renting dedicated facilities, hiring clowns, purchasing thematic programs and holiday treats; hiring babysitters (either on a regular basis or on demand), psychologists and parenting coaches. The authors reached the conclusion that modern urban families tend to split their responsibility (delegate authority) for raising, caring for and educating their children with those who have expertise in this field. Consumption of services by urban families starts earlier and continues for a longer period of time – in line with their children maturing – there's not too much diversity, but consumption does depend on such important motives as the desire to satisfy today's requirements for raising and developing children, parents freeing up spare time for their own needs, taking care of the child's future.

This article discusses a number of reasons that are reproduced in family communication practices that determine the reproduction of social inequality in Russian society. This is an incomplete set of role interactions in single-parent families and gender asymmetry. The problem of an incomplete set of role interactions is partially overcome in extended families, and this should be taken into account in family policy. However, special attention should be paid to the gender factor, since it is the gender asymmetry that is the most important source of reducing resource opportunities for families of a certain type. It can be overcome in two ways: either through the strengthening of traditional family values, or through the gradual disintegration of gender practices in the context of the creation of a Scandinavian-style welfare state.

The aim of this work is to analyze the financial situation and the level of social support received by families with children in Ulyanovsk oblast on the basis of the data from household survey conducted in Ulyanovsk oblast. The study showed that the poverty rate among the surveyed households with children under 18 is significantly higher than the total poverty rate among the households. Many families with children cannot afford buying goods and services they need. In order to maintain their consumption level, a significant proportion of families with children have to take out loans. Analysis of the survey data shows that the coverage of families with children by social benefits is quite high. At the same time, even among the poor households with children, one quarter of households does not receive any social benefits. The surveyed families with children noted difficulties faced by them in obtaining information about social benefits and in collecting necessary documents, long waiting in queues when applying for benefits. The calculations show that provision of regional benefits, including targeted regional benefits, reduces the poverty rate among households with children only slightly. In general, regional benefits are more likely to reduce the extreme poverty of household with children. The analysis presented in the article allows determining possible directions for improving the social support system in Ulyanovsk oblast.

В связи с возрастающей потребностью приемных родителей в получении помощи со стороны специалистов является актуальным определение факторов эффективности помощи замещающим семьям. На основе этих факторов создаются социально-педагогические условия, которые способны обеспечить широкие возможности для развития личности, что является основной целью педагогического сопровождения. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении особенностей социализации детей-сирот в условиях приемной семьи и определении обстоятельств, влияющих на ее эффективность. Для достижения цели автором были проанализированы работы, посвященные специфике социализации детей-сирот, способам облегчения этого процесса; среди приемных родителей было проведено анкетирование. Анализ анкет выявил актуальный социальный запрос на организационно-педагогическое сопровождение приемных семей. Причины такого запроса связаны с тем, что замещающие родители в приемной семье не всегда могут самостоятельно справиться с возникающими проблемами различного характера. Также на основе полученных данных были выявлены сущность и содержание организационно-педагогического сопровождения социализации приемных детей, рассмотрены условия его эффективного функционирования. Были изучены технологии работы педагога с детьми-сиротами и их приемными родителями, способы повышения социально-педагогической компетентности родителей. Статья предназначена для специалистов органов опеки и попечительства, сотрудников интернатных учреждений, социальных педагогов, студентов образовательных учреждений, планирующих работать в сфере социального обслуживания.
Due to the increasing need of foster parents to receive support from specialists, it is relevant to determine the factors of effectiveness of support to such families. On the basis of these factors, socio-pedagogical conditions are created to provide ample opportunities for personal development, which is the main goal of pedagogical support. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of socialization of orphans in foster families and to determine the circumstances affecting its effectiveness. To achieve this goal, the author analyzed the works devoted to the specifics of socialization of orphaned children, ways to facilitate this process. A questionnaire was conducted among foster parents. The analysis of the questionnaire revealed a relevant social demand for organizational and pedagogical support of foster families. The reasons for such a demand are due to the fact that foster parents in a foster family are not always able to cope with difficulties on their own. Moreover, on the basis of the data obtained, the essence and content of organizational and pedagogical support for socialization of foster children were identified, the conditions for its effective functioning were considered. The techniques of the teacher's work with orphaned children and their foster parents, ways to improve the socio-pedagogical competence of parents were considered. The article is intended for specialists of guardianship and custody bodies, employees of boarding institutions, social educators, students planning to work in the field of social services.

The author criticizes the opinion of A.G. Vishnevsky that so-called demographic selfregulation, i.e. the population spontaneous reacting to living conditions, can stop the natural decline of the population (depopulation). Depopulation creates problems for the state, but not for families. Families with one or two children don't get in trouble for having "too few" children. On the contrary, after the birth of their third child, their living conditions deteriorate. Depopulation cannot be expected to lead to a spontaneous increase in the birth rate to the level of a simple replacement of generations. Only demographic policy, i.e. providing benefits and allowances for families with three or more children can solve this problem.

One of the directions of social policy is to improve the situation of children and families with children. The main objectives of family policy are related to improving the well-being of the family. In this regard, it becomes obvious that there is a need to develop a system of measures for early identification of families in crisis.

Erstveröffentlichung der Rezension in deutscher Sprache auf H-Soz-Kult am 09.04.2020: Jens Elberfeld: Rezension zu: Neumaier, Christopher: Familie im 20. Jahrhundert. Konflikte um Ideale, Politiken und Praktiken. Berlin 2019. ISBN 978-3-11-064677-1 , In: H-Soz-Kult, 09.04.2020, https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-28877 ; Публикация рецензии на немецком языке на H-Soz-Kult от 9 апреля 2020 г.: Jens Elberfeld: Rezension zu: Neumaier, Christopher: Familie im 20. Jahrhundert. Konflikte um Ideale, Politiken und Praktiken. Berlin 2019. ISBN 978-3-11-064677-1 , In: H-Soz-Kult, 09.04.2020, https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-28877

One of the trends in the modern labor market is the increase of its flexibility, which is manifested in the development of forms of employment that do not require a permanent presence at the employer's workplace. If properly regulated, such forms can be used to solve one of the most important problems of Russian society — reducing poverty among families with children. The question of the extent to which poverty affects birth rates is still an open one, as there is contradictory evidence. Nevertheless, it can be argued that the development of non-standard forms of employment is an important tool of socio-demographic policy, which is aimed not only at improving the living standards of families with children but also at regulating demographic processes. The article looks at the dynamics of poverty in families with children and attempts to determine to what extent the development of such forms of employment will affect the demographic situation. It is concluded that poverty reduction in families with children will be positively affected. However, the demographic results will be more controversial.

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of ethnic identity in interethnic and mono-ethnic families on the example of St. Petersburg, and is based on data from a sociological survey conducted in 2017. During the study, members of 106 interethnic families were interviewed and 45 mono-ethnic families were analyzed as a control group. The main conclusions of the study include the following. In interethnic families ethnic identity is established, in the case of a mono-ethnic identity it coincides with the identity of mothers, mostly Russians. In general, the influence of mothers on the ethnic self-identification of children is stronger than the impact of fathers. This is due to the dominance of maternal socialization, inherent in the national tradition, and also because most Russian mothers bring up their children in the Russian cultural environment. The attitude towards their ethnic identity in children is more indifferent compared to the sense of "national pride" inherent in most parents. For all categories of the sample, with the exception of fathers from interethnic families, cultural signs of self-identification are more important than others. Fathers of different cultures allot special importance to blood kinship. The main features of ethnic consolidation for all survey participants are cultural traditions and the native language. National identity for all survey participants, except for "non-Russian" fathers, prevails over ethnic self-determination. Ethnic prejudices dominate over religious prejudices. In comparison to Christians, Muslims are more rejecting. The presence of ethnic prejudice is not connected with membership in an interethnic or mono-ethnic family, and is most likely due to the personal attitudes of the respondents.