Suchergebnisse

It is generally accepted that civil society participation in state governance is an inherent feature of the democratic system. Participation in the process of formation and implementation of public policy enables the society and its representatives to have impact on decisions which are important in their lives. The work seeks to formulate and test a tool which enables to identify obstacles and facilitations incurring to the civil society when seeking to exert influence upon decisions in a selected field of public policy, i.e., family policy, by analysing preconditions and the factual implementation of the submitted rights. The work consists of four parts. The first part formulates a research model of civil society participation in public policy formation. The second one describes methodology of the empirical research. The third part presents the results of the empirical research on the preconditions of civil society participation in family policy formation (external empowerment, participating state institutions and NGOs) and the practice of participation. The last part discusses the soundness of the formulated research model and the methodology and the results of the research in the context of scientific discussion. The work as well presents findings and proposals on further research and development of civil society participation in family policy formation.

The goal of Master thesis is to investigate expression and features of postmodern style of private dwelling-houses of Lithuania, from the middle of the 9th decade to the 10th decade of the twentieth century. In order to reveal the characteristics, features and cultural significance of the style in Lithuania, the private dwelling-houses of postmodern style of the Western world (the U.S., Western Europe, Japan) are analyzed, as well as conditions which prompted their development. The paper discusses that the social, political and economic factors of Lithuania at that time, led to the suspicion and critical evaluation of postmodern architecture in general.It is assumed that due to the political-economical factors, the Western magazines were one of the main tools for Lithuanian architects to get to know postmodern architecture. Therefore, a comparative analysis between private dwelling-houses published in foreign periodicals, and of Lithuania, is conducted. Consequently the most common features of private dwelling-houses of postmodern style in Lithuania and their links with Western architecture are determined. Houses of Lithuania of high quality postmodern architecture are named, their valuable properties are defined. Thesis consists of: 92 p. text without extras, 57 pictures., 9 schemes, 99 bibliographical entries, 3 appendixes included.

The goal of Master thesis is to investigate expression and features of postmodern style of private dwelling-houses of Lithuania, from the middle of the 9th decade to the 10th decade of the twentieth century. In order to reveal the characteristics, features and cultural significance of the style in Lithuania, the private dwelling-houses of postmodern style of the Western world (the U.S., Western Europe, Japan) are analyzed, as well as conditions which prompted their development. The paper discusses that the social, political and economic factors of Lithuania at that time, led to the suspicion and critical evaluation of postmodern architecture in general.It is assumed that due to the political-economical factors, the Western magazines were one of the main tools for Lithuanian architects to get to know postmodern architecture. Therefore, a comparative analysis between private dwelling-houses published in foreign periodicals, and of Lithuania, is conducted. Consequently the most common features of private dwelling-houses of postmodern style in Lithuania and their links with Western architecture are determined. Houses of Lithuania of high quality postmodern architecture are named, their valuable properties are defined. Thesis consists of: 92 p. text without extras, 57 pictures., 9 schemes, 99 bibliographical entries, 3 appendixes included.

The Master thesis analyses the implementation of family policy in Lithuania and in Raseiniai district municipality. The family is the principle of every country and society. Demographic changes (youth emigration, increasing number of retired people, increasing birth rate, etc.) do not help the survival of the nation. The well-being and omnipotence of man and woman, children and all future generations functioning depends on ensuring a family-friendly environment of state and non-governmental institutions, developing and improving the legal and social framework. Therefore, special attention is paid to the implementation principles of family consolidation. Reforms of Lithuanian social field (transition from institutional care to family and community services) and implementation of the basic family services package were also discussed.

The Master thesis analyses the implementation of family policy in Lithuania and in Raseiniai district municipality. The family is the principle of every country and society. Demographic changes (youth emigration, increasing number of retired people, increasing birth rate, etc.) do not help the survival of the nation. The well-being and omnipotence of man and woman, children and all future generations functioning depends on ensuring a family-friendly environment of state and non-governmental institutions, developing and improving the legal and social framework. Therefore, special attention is paid to the implementation principles of family consolidation. Reforms of Lithuanian social field (transition from institutional care to family and community services) and implementation of the basic family services package were also discussed.

The Master thesis analyses the implementation of family policy in Lithuania and in Raseiniai district municipality. The family is the principle of every country and society. Demographic changes (youth emigration, increasing number of retired people, increasing birth rate, etc.) do not help the survival of the nation. The well-being and omnipotence of man and woman, children and all future generations functioning depends on ensuring a family-friendly environment of state and non-governmental institutions, developing and improving the legal and social framework. Therefore, special attention is paid to the implementation principles of family consolidation. Reforms of Lithuanian social field (transition from institutional care to family and community services) and implementation of the basic family services package were also discussed.

The Master thesis analyses the implementation of family policy in Lithuania and in Raseiniai district municipality. The family is the principle of every country and society. Demographic changes (youth emigration, increasing number of retired people, increasing birth rate, etc.) do not help the survival of the nation. The well-being and omnipotence of man and woman, children and all future generations functioning depends on ensuring a family-friendly environment of state and non-governmental institutions, developing and improving the legal and social framework. Therefore, special attention is paid to the implementation principles of family consolidation. Reforms of Lithuanian social field (transition from institutional care to family and community services) and implementation of the basic family services package were also discussed.

Relevance of the topic. In order to preserve a viable agriculture, the national natural capital is to be protected, treasured and upheld through the promotion of innovative farm technologies and sustainable management of agriculture. Natural resources in Lithuania are favourable for the development of agriculture, thus the farming should be continued on purpose to preserve a viable farm and countryside, to protect and improve the environment and landscape. The agriculture in the context of the development of economic viability is recognized as a priority because of its importance in various areas of public life such as employment, entrepreneurship, the use and conservation of natural resources, provision with food, etc. Therefore, the promotion of economic viability of farms is one of the underlying objectives of the present-day EU common agricultural policy (hereinafter - CAP). When allocating the support to the EU farms, according to E. Scotti, H. Bergmann et al. (2011), H. C. Vrolijk, C. De Bont et al., (2010), J. B. Whitaker (2009), the renewal of farmer generations, investment opportunities of small and medium-sized farms, more efficient farming through the modernization of farms, creation of new job places on the farms and prevention of the depopulation in countryside and improvement of the quality of life in rural areas, environmental requirements, ensuring biodiversity on the farms, thus promoting the preservation of economic viability of farms, should be taken into account.

Relevance of the topic. In order to preserve a viable agriculture, the national natural capital is to be protected, treasured and upheld through the promotion of innovative farm technologies and sustainable management of agriculture. Natural resources in Lithuania are favourable for the development of agriculture, thus the farming should be continued on purpose to preserve a viable farm and countryside, to protect and improve the environment and landscape. The agriculture in the context of the development of economic viability is recognized as a priority because of its importance in various areas of public life such as employment, entrepreneurship, the use and conservation of natural resources, provision with food, etc. Therefore, the promotion of economic viability of farms is one of the underlying objectives of the present-day EU common agricultural policy (hereinafter - CAP). When allocating the support to the EU farms, according to E. Scotti, H. Bergmann et al. (2011), H. C. Vrolijk, C. De Bont et al., (2010), J. B. Whitaker (2009), the renewal of farmer generations, investment opportunities of small and medium-sized farms, more efficient farming through the modernization of farms, creation of new job places on the farms and prevention of the depopulation in countryside and improvement of the quality of life in rural areas, environmental requirements, ensuring biodiversity on the farms, thus promoting the preservation of economic viability of farms, should be taken into account.

The aim of the research is to analyze the most important ideologies of Lithuanian family since the beginning of the XIXth century to the 80s of the XXth century. Ideology is understood here as a value system that has crucial impact on family and interpersonal relations, and is internalized by the family. Accordingly, three family value systems are under the research scrutiny. The first one was related to the XIXth century traditional Lithuanian family. The second one evolved as a consequence of Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century. Finally, the third family ideology was based on the Soviet family policy during the period 1944–1970. Family life in the XIXth century Lithuanian community was based on the Lithuanian common law, the teachings of Catholic Church and patriarchalism as a way of living. These norms influenced interpersonal realtionships in the traditional Lithuanian community and legitimized the only possible way of living, that of marriage with a partner from the same social group and a sedentary life of a farmer. On the other hand Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century led to new ideas of family life and interpersonal relationships. Hovewer, even though Lithuanian nationalists desired to promote a nationally "pure" family, they did not treat it as an exclusively reproductive institution. Lithuanian ideology emphesized interpersonal relationships within the family instead of reproduction. Lithuanian nationalists believed that the idea of a strong national family would succeed only if wife and husband treated each other as equal partners and comrades in arms. The Soviet family policy during 1944-1970 inculcated the idea of a family as a small open collective instead of a private sphere. Soviet family structure did not necessarily consist of two parents and their children. Single mother and her children were considered to be a full legitimate family. Likewise in terms of nationality Lithuanian family was not expected to concist of two Lithuanians. The main purpose of the Soviet family was reproduction and successful internalization of the Soviet values through the family.

The aim of the research is to analyze the most important ideologies of Lithuanian family since the beginning of the XIXth century to the 80s of the XXth century. Ideology is understood here as a value system that has crucial impact on family and interpersonal relations, and is internalized by the family. Accordingly, three family value systems are under the research scrutiny. The first one was related to the XIXth century traditional Lithuanian family. The second one evolved as a consequence of Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century. Finally, the third family ideology was based on the Soviet family policy during the period 1944–1970. Family life in the XIXth century Lithuanian community was based on the Lithuanian common law, the teachings of Catholic Church and patriarchalism as a way of living. These norms influenced interpersonal realtionships in the traditional Lithuanian community and legitimized the only possible way of living, that of marriage with a partner from the same social group and a sedentary life of a farmer. On the other hand Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century led to new ideas of family life and interpersonal relationships. Hovewer, even though Lithuanian nationalists desired to promote a nationally "pure" family, they did not treat it as an exclusively reproductive institution. Lithuanian ideology emphesized interpersonal relationships within the family instead of reproduction. Lithuanian nationalists believed that the idea of a strong national family would succeed only if wife and husband treated each other as equal partners and comrades in arms. The Soviet family policy during 1944-1970 inculcated the idea of a family as a small open collective instead of a private sphere. Soviet family structure did not necessarily consist of two parents and their children. Single mother and her children were considered to be a full legitimate family. Likewise in terms of nationality Lithuanian family was not expected to concist of two Lithuanians. The main purpose of the Soviet family was reproduction and successful internalization of the Soviet values through the family.

The aim of the research is to analyze the most important ideologies of Lithuanian family since the beginning of the XIXth century to the 80s of the XXth century. Ideology is understood here as a value system that has crucial impact on family and interpersonal relations, and is internalized by the family. Accordingly, three family value systems are under the research scrutiny. The first one was related to the XIXth century traditional Lithuanian family. The second one evolved as a consequence of Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century. Finally, the third family ideology was based on the Soviet family policy during the period 1944–1970. Family life in the XIXth century Lithuanian community was based on the Lithuanian common law, the teachings of Catholic Church and patriarchalism as a way of living. These norms influenced interpersonal realtionships in the traditional Lithuanian community and legitimized the only possible way of living, that of marriage with a partner from the same social group and a sedentary life of a farmer. On the other hand Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century led to new ideas of family life and interpersonal relationships. Hovewer, even though Lithuanian nationalists desired to promote a nationally "pure" family, they did not treat it as an exclusively reproductive institution. Lithuanian ideology emphesized interpersonal relationships within the family instead of reproduction. Lithuanian nationalists believed that the idea of a strong national family would succeed only if wife and husband treated each other as equal partners and comrades in arms. The Soviet family policy during 1944-1970 inculcated the idea of a family as a small open collective instead of a private sphere. Soviet family structure did not necessarily consist of two parents and their children. Single mother and her children were considered to be a full legitimate family. Likewise in terms of nationality Lithuanian family was not expected to concist of two Lithuanians. The main purpose of the Soviet family was reproduction and successful internalization of the Soviet values through the family.

The aim of the research is to analyze the most important ideologies of Lithuanian family since the beginning of the XIXth century to the 80s of the XXth century. Ideology is understood here as a value system that has crucial impact on family and interpersonal relations, and is internalized by the family. Accordingly, three family value systems are under the research scrutiny. The first one was related to the XIXth century traditional Lithuanian family. The second one evolved as a consequence of Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century. Finally, the third family ideology was based on the Soviet family policy during the period 1944–1970. Family life in the XIXth century Lithuanian community was based on the Lithuanian common law, the teachings of Catholic Church and patriarchalism as a way of living. These norms influenced interpersonal realtionships in the traditional Lithuanian community and legitimized the only possible way of living, that of marriage with a partner from the same social group and a sedentary life of a farmer. On the other hand Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century led to new ideas of family life and interpersonal relationships. Hovewer, even though Lithuanian nationalists desired to promote a nationally "pure" family, they did not treat it as an exclusively reproductive institution. Lithuanian ideology emphesized interpersonal relationships within the family instead of reproduction. Lithuanian nationalists believed that the idea of a strong national family would succeed only if wife and husband treated each other as equal partners and comrades in arms. The Soviet family policy during 1944-1970 inculcated the idea of a family as a small open collective instead of a private sphere. Soviet family structure did not necessarily consist of two parents and their children. Single mother and her children were considered to be a full legitimate family. Likewise in terms of nationality Lithuanian family was not expected to concist of two Lithuanians. The main purpose of the Soviet family was reproduction and successful internalization of the Soviet values through the family.

European union – the most rapidly developing and independent union of countries in the world. Without any doubt all integrational processes influences different component of market ant laws. Free movement of persons is the most sensitive mater talking about EU integration. Free movement of persons – the basic liberty, which is ensured according EU law and grants right to live and work in another member state This liberty helps EU citizens realize their subjective right – live, work or set up business in another country. Family is fundamental cell of public-social life. Personal, social, culture, moral, legal and economical maters relates family members, that's why analysis of family members status is very important. Traditionally, family is marriage substantiated men's and women's union. According integrational and global processes, as well changes of legal mind, appears new comprehension of family and family members. Untraditional family model embrace not only heterosexual couples, thus sexual minority. High importance of Maastrich treaty shows that, after 1992 each EU citizen has fundamental and personal right move along EU not only working purpose, but even personal. After EU citizenship was legalized, every EU members state citizen, have become EU citizen. Until that, citizens of members states had at least economical rights, so in today the same citizens, without economical, have political and civil rights and duties. Thus, EU citizenship ensures movement by economical-working and personal aims. Institute of citizenship is very important, because minimized differences between workers, their family members and host member's state citizens. EU citizenship is essential condition of free movement of persons. Though, differences between citizen and worker are minimized, there are no unique concept of it. The right or free movement of person is also pointed at family members. This right exceptionally depends on connection with EU citizen. Regulation of rights of the child, according international acts are fulfilled EU legal acts, and one of them is European Council accepted communiqué "Towards an EU strategy on the Rights of the Child". Because of respect to family life, EU legal acts ensures the right to family reunification.

European union – the most rapidly developing and independent union of countries in the world. Without any doubt all integrational processes influences different component of market ant laws. Free movement of persons is the most sensitive mater talking about EU integration. Free movement of persons – the basic liberty, which is ensured according EU law and grants right to live and work in another member state This liberty helps EU citizens realize their subjective right – live, work or set up business in another country. Family is fundamental cell of public-social life. Personal, social, culture, moral, legal and economical maters relates family members, that's why analysis of family members status is very important. Traditionally, family is marriage substantiated men's and women's union. According integrational and global processes, as well changes of legal mind, appears new comprehension of family and family members. Untraditional family model embrace not only heterosexual couples, thus sexual minority. High importance of Maastrich treaty shows that, after 1992 each EU citizen has fundamental and personal right move along EU not only working purpose, but even personal. After EU citizenship was legalized, every EU members state citizen, have become EU citizen. Until that, citizens of members states had at least economical rights, so in today the same citizens, without economical, have political and civil rights and duties. Thus, EU citizenship ensures movement by economical-working and personal aims. Institute of citizenship is very important, because minimized differences between workers, their family members and host member's state citizens. EU citizenship is essential condition of free movement of persons. Though, differences between citizen and worker are minimized, there are no unique concept of it. The right or free movement of person is also pointed at family members. This right exceptionally depends on connection with EU citizen. Regulation of rights of the child, according international acts are fulfilled EU legal acts, and one of them is European Council accepted communiqué "Towards an EU strategy on the Rights of the Child". Because of respect to family life, EU legal acts ensures the right to family reunification.