Suchergebnisse

This article examines foster family as one of the forms of institutions, which from the first days of its formation provides care for orphans who were left without parental custody. According to the authors, the process of introducing the institution of the foster family was determined by objective factors, such as the need to accommodate children who were returned from other countries. For the development of this institution in Kyrgyzstan, the process of reforming the entire childcare system that has existed since the Soviet times has begun.

English version of the article on pp. 241-244 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/foster-family-as-one-of-the-forms-of-life-order-for-orphan-children/65933.html

The article deals with the problems of family mediation in the judicial process. Currently, the settlement of family law disputes is an urgent problem of theory and practice. The development of legislation, social, legal and economic relations, as well as various crisis phenomena, contribute to an increase in the number of civil cases in the courts. Resolution of disputes, the participants of which cannot independently come to a compromise, rests with the courts, but also the fact that the decisions taken by the court are not always the most suitable for the parties to the dispute. The importance of family mediation is that the mediator – a specialist with expert knowledge in the field of family psychology and law, helps to minimize the negative consequences of such disputes or to resolve the conflict and achieve reconciliation of the parties to the dispute. Despite the growth of conciliation procedures in recent years, their demand is still quite low for a number of subjective and objective reasons.

In this article, on the basis of historical, comparative legal structural-functional and dialectical methods of research, the author examines the institution of marriage and family in the spiritual and moral dimension. The sources of Byzantine law have influenced the modern understanding of the family and its consolidation in the legislation of the Russian Federation. Particular attention in this article is given to the duties of spouses. After analyzing the family legislation of a number of Slavic states (Bulgaria, Serbia, etc.), the author found that little attention was paid to the duties of spouses in these documents. The duties of spouses are considered in the context of property relations, which emphasizes the modern influence of Western European liberal concepts of law. The author comes to the conclusion that the institution of the family cannot be measured by any material values in their utilitarian perception. That is why, when society perceives the moral essence of a family union based on obligation, having passed the path of «knowledge testing», such institutions for regulating property relations as a marriage contract will become unclaimed, which even today carries destructive properties for people who are not only married, but also on the way to it, a priori laying the motives of doubt and distrust between spouses (future spouses). Modern family legislation of the Russian Federation requires consistent and progressive ethization and implementation of a wider «catalog of duties» of spouses, based on the sources of Russian law (church law) and theological sources, which will gradually free the Family Code of the Russian Federation from neo-liberal tendencies that significantly impede the development of native Russian family tradition, family policy, which must be protected from vulgar positivism and ideological labels.

The authors of the article highlight the importance of organizing social prevention with the most vulnerable categories of families. The article identifies the features of dysfunctional families; the criteria for family dysfunction are presented. The forms of preventive work in pre-school organizations are considered. The authors of the article analyze the results of the experimental work that includes the diagnostics of criteria for family dysfunction and the implementation of the program for the prevention of family dysfunction.

This article's topic is the analysis of the family influence on the choice of such an educational route for children as studying at an online school. The relevance of the research is connected with the development of online education in Russia and around the world, the digitalization of the educational sphere. The main attention is paid to the position of the older generation of the family — the grandparents of students — to the admission of grandchildren to online schools. Other research goals are the advantages and disadvantages of online education, the participation of the older generation in the implementation of the educational route for children in online schools, the Internet forum as a method of digital empirical sociology.
There was an examination of statements of the participants of the Internet forum, where representatives of the older generation of the family, who chose online education for children, discussed a new educational format. The authors have developed a classification of thematic leitmotives of that conversation. Structuring of texts was carried out with the help of Russian specialized computer programs.
It was found out that grandparents of online school students evaluate their grandchildren's education in two ways: a mixed position prevails, in which informants look for the pros and cons of education. It was discovered that the older generation is actively involved in the implementation of the educational route of grandchildren studying in online schools. The most popular leitmotives on the Internet forum were the comfort of learning, free time, improved health of children and an opportunity to prepare qualitatively for final exams. The least significant topics are replenishment of cultural capital and communication.
The methodological analysis of the Internet forum as a method of collecting and analyzing sociological information is conducted. The empirical approach simplifies access to informants and the field stage of the study. The main problem was the complexity and ambiguity of the classification of the content of unstructured texts received on the Internet forum.
The results of the project can be applied in different areas of social policy. Recommendations have been prepared for the federal program "Digital Economy in the Russian Federation" (2019–2024). In addition, it is important to provide families who have chosen online education for their children (through NGOs, mass media, publications in scientific publications) with up-to-date information. Practical effect for the sociology of culture, sociology of education, sociology of the family is the methodological justification and approbation of digital empirical methods. An additional scope of application of the results is training courses for students of sociological specialties.

The article analyzes proverbs constituting the concept «family». The research was based on the semantic analysis, quantitative analysis, cognitive analysis and the descriptive method. Lak proverbs served as material for the study. Quantitative analysis revealed 16 lexemes representing the concept «family» the most representative of which is ninu. The proverbs were subdivided into the following lexico-semantic layers: (1) the choice of a spouse and creation of a family; (2) the relationship between the spouses; (3) the relationship between the siblings; (4) the relationship between the parents and their children. The proverbs revealed axiological aims of the Lak people in relation to the family. Laks are very responsible in the questions of forming a family. Family life is lauded, while solitude is condemned by the society. The man is the head of the family while the wife is the guardian of the hearth. A woman who has a husband is highly regarded by society. The relationship between siblings are in accordance with the general patriarchal traditions of the Lak way of life. Brothers support each other in everything and are the defenders of their sister. Parents rule the family and they instill the basic values in their children. Daughters tend to imitate their mother while the sons take after their father. As a rule, the daughter is judged based on her mother's image and the sun is judged based on his father's image. There are corresponding proverbs in the Lak language. Many of those proverbs are allegorical in their nature and include zoomorphisms and phytonyms. The aim of such proverbs is didactic. The concept «family» has not been studied as an autonomous topic earlier in the Lak language which renders this research relevant

In this article were discussed the influence of family and cultural resources on the applicant admission to a higher educational institution. The relevance of the topic is based on the need to study and improve human capital quality. The main research questions are the family and cultural resources structure, and a person's family resource relationship with other assets, as well as the conditions for students' academic achievement.

The project is based on a modern resource approach and a theoretical human resources model, proposed by the Russian sociologist Natalia Aleksandrovna Yakovleva to study starting inequality in the student environment. At the empirical part of the study, a survey of St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television first-year students was performed. Additional project modules were secondary analysis of available sociological results and use of statistical data.

The author presents an applicant's family resources analysis based on such empirical referents as education and professional parents activities, family income, parental attitudes towards higher education for children, family value orientations. Students' cultural resource was studied according to the activity of visited cultural events, participation in workshops, as well as a set of the most important life attitudes.

It was found that the family economic resource, the parents' education level, family motivation for providing children with higher education, and the creative profession of the father had the greatest impact on admission to the university. Applicants' cultural capital increased the success of passing the creative test and interview. The main factors in the students' academic performance are their educational capital, participation in cultural events, and the family cultural capital.

The study prospect is to expand the empirical project base for a comparative analysis of the applicants' and their families' universities choice with different ratings.

The transformation of the institutions of marriage, family and parenthood in recent decades in the context of rapid social, economic, cultural and technological innovations worldwide encourages theorists to look for explanations of the nature and direction of the processes that are taking place. American sociologists of the family Stan Knapp and Greg Wurm present a rather promising systematization of the theoretical approaches to changes in the institution of the family. The criteria of approaches according to the authors' typology: relationality – vertical / horizontal, and dimensionality – single / multidimensional. This article's purpose is to reflect on this typology so that Russian researchers go beyond theorizing in the framework of "opposing paradigms of crisis – modernization of the institution of family" disputes, which are more ideological than scientific. The institutional approach is widely represented in the works of classics of foreign and Russian sociology of the family. The classic institutional approach is expanded upon by the works of representatives of the new institutional approach. In the approach of deinstitutionalization, the main emphasis is placed on increasing individual needs, with "family" being a "pure relationship". The diversification approach, which was mentioned among others by the author of this very article in the mid-1990's, seems to be the most constructive from an empirical point of view. The article shows the diversification of the family institution, the spread of new family structures in many countries with references to empirical studies and statistical sources. Knapp and Wurm, the authors of the presented typology, consider the approach of institutional logic in relation to the family to be promising. The main problems of its application are discussed in article. The application of the classical theory of family development, as it was formulated in the 20th century when normative family paths were dominant, is also problematized, together with the lack of Russian longitudinal studies and works that describe modern family life paths. What western sociologists agree on, and what the analysis of Russian studies confirms, are the differences in the models of organizing private life in different social groups, at least among educated and uneducated citizens. Analysis of trends in the prevalence of alternative forms of family life in different social groups allows us to assess the nature of changes in the institutions of marriage and family, either as evolutionary or transformational.

The article deals with the Buryat family, in which, under the influence of globalization processes, religious Buddhist traditions acquire new characteristics depending on the systems of Buddhism, Christianity and shamanism. The methodological basis of the study is the works of Buryat scientists K.D. Basaeva, E.V. Gylykova, R.Yu. Tsoktoev and other scientists who contributed to the study of the Buryat family and the religious traditions of the Buryats. The Buryat family, developing for a long time, preserves the traditions of Buddhism necessary for the Buryat ethnic group to consolidate and preserve national integrity, and it is the family that becomes one of the social institutions that create conditions for the continuity of religious Buddhist traditions.

This article is a review of the academic works of American sociologist James Bossard. During his life he wrote a vast number of articles and books on family, marriage, childhood and parenting, using a variety of methods for collecting and analyzing information. Despite his active academic and social life, James Bossard is very little known in the Russian-speaking environment. James Bossard creates his own set of approaches towards studying family, which should cover all significant aspects of the latter. Said set is based on approaches that can be divided into three main categories, which will be discussed in the review: family rituals, family heterogeneity and family as a field for change. Meanwhile he also described other issues: happiness and unhappiness in the family, the differences between large and small families, the role of children in the family, rites of passage, the impact of war on families. James Bossard is also worthy of interest as a productive researcher with unconventional approaches to working with material, as well as a peculiar sign of the time. The main goal of the author of this review is to draw attention to this sociologist's legacy, since many of his works are also relevant in modern Russia.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the value orientations of modern youth, which are formed against the background of socio-cultural transformation of society. It is noted that in modern society, there is also a change in family values, which are rendered by the parent family and institutions of secondary socialization. Social institutions should play an important role in the development and maintenance of family attitudes among young people.

The institutionalization of the substitute family is a long and controversial process; it has been successfully completed in modern Russia, but there are still a number of dysfunctions that still have a destructive eff ect both on the members of the substitute family and specialists working with them, and on society as a whole. Particularly problematic are the issues of orphanhood prevention, work with the birth family of a social orphan, prevention of returns from foster families, and organization of social support for foster families.