Suchergebnisse

In 2016–2017, Indian government set a policy target of doubling farmers' incomes by 2022. This article investigates farmers' perspectives on this contentious policy. Results suggest that only 18% of farmers were aware of this policy. Most farmers blamed the government's support, high cost of cultivation and low MSP for their inability to increase their farm profitability. While synthesizing farmers' perspectives, past trends, and the debate among agricultural scientists and policy analysts, this policy could not help farmers in doubling their incomes by 2022. However, it could have been possible if the governments had initiated some targeted programmes to provide them with farm inputs at lower prices and bought their crops at a higher MSP.

The paper examines farmers' income, indebtedness and suicides. It concludes that income of farmer is low mainly due to low harvest prices, high cost of inputs and small operational holding size. Low incomes coupled with higher consumption needs force small farmers into high-interest debt trap. There is a need to increase public investment in farm infrastructure, strengthen direct benefit transfer schemes for purchase of inputs, improve institutional credit delivery mechanisms and widen safety nets in rural areas. The recent farm policy related to encouraging Farmer Producer Organizations and contract farming could potentially increase small farmers bargaining power and scale economies to utilise market opportunities.

The role of the Agriculture Sector is very important in the economy of most developing countries. Increasing agricultural productivity is a priority for achieving sustainable yield improvements and improving agricultural technology and management, improving groundwater and post-harvest management. Bali Province is a province that has potential in the agricultural sector. Various policies have been made by the government in increasing agricultural production such as irrigation development, production input subsidies, farm credit, and institutional development. The large role of agriculture in the GRDP should indicate the level of welfare of farmers. The research objectives are 1) analyzing the effect of labor, land area, production costs, and cultivation techniques on production, 2) analyzing the effect of labor, land area, production costs, cultivation techniques, and the amount of production on income, 3) analyzing technology as a variable moderating between labor towards production, 4) analyzing technology moderating between labor variables on income. The study was conducted in Jatiluwih Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency with a sample of 135 people from 400 rice farmers in Jatiluwih Village.

The objetive of this research were conducted in Kulon Progo Regency were to know how far utilization of farm technology (hand tracctor, tresher, benguk arver, and cassava rapier) will inreasing income farmer and works diversification on different topography and accesibility. The data included primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from respondents by filling questionnaires, while the seondary data were collected from the governmental officer. Region samples are Lendah sub regency which low land plain area, Sentolo sub regency which hilly area, and Kalibawang sub regency which mountain range area. Respondents sample was taken by snow ball sampling, who utilized of farm technology and they are 58 respondents from low land plain area, 38 respondents from hilly area, and 38 respondents from mountai range area. The data were processed by using computer, while hypothesis was tested by crosstab and hi quadrate to compare result of research in the three different topography areas. The result of the research shows that there are difference significant utilization of farm technology aording to the topography bakground. Hand tractors and tresher are much utilized in the hilly areas, benguk carvers are much utilized in the low land plain areas, and cassava raspiers are much utilized in the mountain range areas. They aren't difference signifiant the utilization of farm technology aording to accesibility. The low land plain areas and the hilly areas produce same activities, while the mountain range areas produce only four kind of same ativities. Diversification of works in the hilly areas absorbed a lot of manpower than those and the rest areas. Income generating from the utilization of farm technology in the hilly areas is more than that in the rest areas.

The farming systems in the mountain areas of Kyrgyzstan are primarily characterised by small-scale crop and livestock activities. Farmers are faced with several environmental, socio-economic and political challenges and constraints that result in significant uncertainties affecting their operations. This paper attempts to model how various sources of uncertainty collectively affected the smallholders' farm incomes during a mid-term horizon using Monte Carlo simulation. The analyses were based on data collected through a survey of 235 smallholder farms in the medium and high-elevation mountains ranges and expert interviews. We defined a static and a dynamic scenario, the latter of which incorporating likely adjustments in land use and production methods by farmers in response to changing prices and factor costs. Our results suggest that to benefit from improving market opportunities, farmers should adjust and modify their farm management by expanding cash crops in the medium-elevation ranges or increasing herd sizes and fodder cultivation in high-altitude ranges. Results also indicate that farmers in the medium elevations benefit more from these opportunities than farmers in higher altitudes. The paper concludes with some practical recommendations for agricultural policy making in Kyrgyzstan.