Suchergebnisse

The article deals with health protection of young athletes at the stage of preparation for sports competitions. Measures to protect the health of young skiers-racers are regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation and registrated in all training programs of sport schools in preparation for competitions. When preparing children for sports competitions, medical and coaching staff should take into account information about their health status. In addition, medical worker must be able to recognize external signs of fatigue during the training session, as well as possess skills for the recovery of children. ; В статье говорится об охране здоровья юных спортсменов на этапе подготовки к спортивным соревнованиям. Мероприятия по охране здоровья юных лыжников-гонщиков регламентируются законодательством РФ, они прописаны во всех рабочих программах спортивных школ по подготовке к соревнованиям. При подготовке детей к спортивным соревнованиям медицинский и тренерский состав должны учитывать сведения о состоянии их здоровья. Кроме того, медицинский работник должен уметь распознавать внешние признаки утомления в процессе учебно-тренировочного занятия, а также владеть навыками по восстановлению здоровья детей.

A Directive of the European Union on the cogeneration development to reach a level of 10 % of the total electric power output defines the development of centralized heat supply to large cities by establishing priorities. A mathematical model of thermal and stress-strain behavior was developed for the steam turbines of a Т-100/120-130 type taking into consideration the available damages of designed structures and restoration and repair changes in elements during their operation. The model is based on 3D spatial analogous models used for high pressure rotor. The data of computation investigation include the calculations of thermal and stress-strain behavior of the high pressure rotor of steam turbine Т-100/120-130 of 100 MW; block No 1 operated by the PJSC "Kharkiv CHPP-5". The stress-strain behavior was created during the numerical experiment simulating the influence of high temperatures, working medium pressures, centrifugal forces and also a reaction of supports. The analysis of obtained data allowed us to determine maximally loaded rotor zones for each start mode of the operation, in particular the cold start, warm and hot starts. The values of maximum amplitudes of the stress intensities for the most loaded rotor sections were determined that allowed for the evaluation of low cycle fatigue and the residual resource of the main metal of turbine. ; Preferred direction of development of district heating in large cities, according to the European Union directive, is the development of cogeneration to 10% of the total production of electric energy. For steam turbines type T‑100/120-130 developed a mathematical model of thermal and stress-strain state on the basis of 3D-dimensional analogues for the high pressure rotor, taking into account existing damage to the project design and repair or any changes of elements in the operation. The results of research include calculation of the thermal and stress-strain state of the high pressure rotor of steam turbine type T-100/120-130 of first power unit OJSC "Kharkiv CHPP-5". In the process of analyzing the results it was determined maximum loaded area of the rotor at each start-up operating modes: starting from cold, still hot from previous and hot conditions. Values of the maximum amplitude of the stress intensity were established for the most loaded sections of the rotor, they are allow to estimate the low-cycle fatigue and residual service life-time of the main metal of the turbine.

A Directive of the European Union on the cogeneration development to reach a level of 10 % of the total electric power output defines the development of centralized heat supply to large cities by establishing priorities. A mathematical model of thermal and stress-strain behavior was developed for the steam turbines of a Т-100/120-130 type taking into consideration the available damages of designed structures and restoration and repair changes in elements during their operation. The model is based on 3D spatial analogous models used for high pressure rotor. The data of computation investigation include the calculations of thermal and stress-strain behavior of the high pressure rotor of steam turbine Т-100/120-130 of 100 MW; block No 1 operated by the PJSC "Kharkiv CHPP-5". The stress-strain behavior was created during the numerical experiment simulating the influence of high temperatures, working medium pressures, centrifugal forces and also a reaction of supports. The analysis of obtained data allowed us to determine maximally loaded rotor zones for each start mode of the operation, in particular the cold start, warm and hot starts. The values of maximum amplitudes of the stress intensities for the most loaded rotor sections were determined that allowed for the evaluation of low cycle fatigue and the residual resource of the main metal of turbine. ; Preferred direction of development of district heating in large cities, according to the European Union directive, is the development of cogeneration to 10% of the total production of electric energy. For steam turbines type T‑100/120-130 developed a mathematical model of thermal and stress-strain state on the basis of 3D-dimensional analogues for the high pressure rotor, taking into account existing damage to the project design and repair or any changes of elements in the operation. The results of research include calculation of the thermal and stress-strain state of the high pressure rotor of steam turbine type T-100/120-130 of first power unit OJSC "Kharkiv CHPP-5". In the process of analyzing the results it was determined maximum loaded area of the rotor at each start-up operating modes: starting from cold, still hot from previous and hot conditions. Values of the maximum amplitude of the stress intensity were established for the most loaded sections of the rotor, they are allow to estimate the low-cycle fatigue and residual service life-time of the main metal of the turbine.

A Directive of the European Union on the cogeneration development to reach a level of 10 % of the total electric power output defines the development of centralized heat supply to large cities by establishing priorities. A mathematical model of thermal and stress-strain behavior was developed for the steam turbines of a Т-100/120-130 type taking into consideration the available damages of designed structures and restoration and repair changes in elements during their operation. The model is based on 3D spatial analogous models used for high pressure rotor. The data of computation investigation include the calculations of thermal and stress-strain behavior of the high pressure rotor of steam turbine Т-100/120-130 of 100 MW; block No 1 operated by the PJSC "Kharkiv CHPP-5". The stress-strain behavior was created during the numerical experiment simulating the influence of high temperatures, working medium pressures, centrifugal forces and also a reaction of supports. The analysis of obtained data allowed us to determine maximally loaded rotor zones for each start mode of the operation, in particular the cold start, warm and hot starts. The values of maximum amplitudes of the stress intensities for the most loaded rotor sections were determined that allowed for the evaluation of low cycle fatigue and the residual resource of the main metal of turbine. ; Preferred direction of development of district heating in large cities, according to the European Union directive, is the development of cogeneration to 10% of the total production of electric energy. For steam turbines type T‑100/120-130 developed a mathematical model of thermal and stress-strain state on the basis of 3D-dimensional analogues for the high pressure rotor, taking into account existing damage to the project design and repair or any changes of elements in the operation. The results of research include calculation of the thermal and stress-strain state of the high pressure rotor of steam turbine type T-100/120-130 of first power unit OJSC "Kharkiv CHPP-5". In the process of analyzing the results it was determined maximum loaded area of the rotor at each start-up operating modes: starting from cold, still hot from previous and hot conditions. Values of the maximum amplitude of the stress intensity were established for the most loaded sections of the rotor, they are allow to estimate the low-cycle fatigue and residual service life-time of the main metal of the turbine.

Директива Европейского союза о развитии когенерации до уровня в 10 % от общей выработки электроэнергии определяет развитие централизованного теплоснабжения в крупных городах преимущественным на-правлением. Для паровых турбин типа Т-100/120-130 разработана математическая модель теплового и напряженно-деформированного состояния. В ходе расчетов, определены максимально нагруженные зоны ротора и значения интенсивностей напряжений в них. Полученные данные позволяют провести оценку малоцикловой усталости и остаточного ресурса основного метала турбины на каждом из пусковых режимов эксплуатации. ; A Directive of the European Union on the cogeneration development to reach a level of 10 % of the total electric power output defines the development of centralized heat supply to large cities by establishing priorities. A mathematical model of thermal and stress-strain behavior was developed for the steam turbines of a Т-100/120-130 type taking into consideration the available damages of designed structures and restoration and repair changes in elements during their operation. The model is based on 3D spatial analogous models used for high pressure rotor. The data of computation investigation include the calculations of thermal and stress-strain behavior of the high pressure rotor of steam turbine Т-100/120-130 of 100 MW; block No 1 operated by the PJSC "Kharkiv CHPP-5". The stress-strain behavior was created during the numerical experiment simulating the influence of high temperatures, working medium pressures, centrifugal forces and also a reaction of supports. The analysis of obtained data allowed us to determine maximally loaded rotor zones for each start mode of the operation, in particular the cold start, warm and hot starts. The values of maximum amplitudes of the stress intensities for the most loaded rotor sections were determined that allowed for the evaluation of low cycle fatigue and the residual resource of the main metal of turbine.

Aim is to assess power abilities in young football players, improve individual strength training program taking into account various indicators obtained from Wingate test and quality of its performance. Material and Methods. The Wingate test results in young football players of 11-12 are under consideration. Among them there are Wingate peak power, power at the 15th and 30th seconds, anaerobic capacity, and their changes during a year. The correlation relationship between Wingate test results and other strength and power characteristics obtained from laboratory and field tests are shown. Results. Test results in 11 years old football players were Wingate peak (279.68 ± 52.65 W), Wingate peak (7.36 ± 1.03 W·kg-1), Wingate mean (6.48 ± 0.78 W·kg-1), and Wingate fatigue rate (34.36 ± 15.25 %). Strong correlations existed between Wingate peak and maximal Load in stress-test with gas analysis (r = 0.72), 10 jumping steps (r = 0.72), between Wingate power at the 15th second, power at the 30th second, Wingate mean power and maximal Load in stress-test with gas analysis (r = 0.80, r = 0.77, r = 0.71, respectively). These results provide coaches with preliminary norms for 11-12 years old football players and can be used to adjust programs for their athletes. Conclusion. Wingate test enables to assess the level of anaerobic power and capability of football players starting from the age of 11-12 years. The comparison of Wingate test data in different periods of the year macrocycle allows determination of trends in power development in young football players. The analysis of athlete's individual features based on Wingate test results reveals personal strengths and weaknesses for further individualization and/or correction of the training process. © 2016 South Ural State University - Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service. All rights reserved. ; The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006.

The article considers advantages and disadvantages of the global information space, which has long been an integral part of the ecosystem, the man being its central part. According to the degree of its influence on the man the global information space is coming to the forefront in the community, providing both positive and negative effects on the society, its economy, science, politics and education. Positive effects of globalization of the information space are unification and simplification of the access to vast amounts of any information, easiness of orientation in the information space, simplification of interpersonal communication forms. Negative effects of the global information space may include the following:1. there is no censorship as such in the present-day global information space, everybody can be their own reviewers, censors and defenders;2. duplicate information is often significantly distorted;3. total analyticity of repeated data arrays is very low;4. an increase of the amount of information leads to a significant dependence of a person on the computer;5. an unrestrained growth of the Internet-related crime.Databases of full-text publications – journals, articles, monographs- are surely a means of salvation for science. There already exist a large number of such portals. Besides, advantages and disadvantages of electronic subscriptions to periodicals should certainly be considered. The former include the following most evident ones: aggregation of large data arrays, saving money on a subscription, an opportunity to work with relevant publications, thematic collections of materials, availability of records, simultaneous access of an unlimited number of users and others. Nevertheless, there are many disadvantages that make it difficult to work with full-text publications. They are the following: selective representativeness of publication numbers, complexity of keyword search, occasional presence of obsolete text formats, printed versions, possible psychological barrier, physiological incompatibility with computer equipment, fatigue caused by prolonged work on the computer. The Internet was followed by the appearance of global control networks, their aims ranging from control of a human life support to a unified control of humanity. So, the formed global information space promises the man to get access to almost any information source. Meanwhile, environmental safety of the man, his/her objective biological psyche and abilities in harmonious development are at serious risk ; В статье рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки глобального информационного пространства, которое уже давно стало неотъемлемой частью экосистемы, центральной частью которой является человек ; У статті розглядаються переваги і недоліки глобального інформаційного простору, який вже давно став невід'ємною частиною екосистеми, центральною частиною якої є людина

Раздел "Международные отношения" ; Post-socialist transformation of the CES Countries has become a regular process requiring the appropriate economic strategy and policy. It can already be stated that democratization and market relations are deeply rooted in these countries. That does not mean however that the process itself is over. There is the question of what impact the hard consequences of transition to a market economy will make on united Europe which already includes almost all former socialist allies. Belarus is also implementing reforms aimed at the creation of an efficient market economy which sufficiently competitive on the international level to meet the demands of the overwhelming majority of its people. The end of the reforms depends essentially not on the success of the hit-and-miss attempts. Belarus has considerable opportunities to assess the mistakes other countries made during their structural reforms, in the process of their establishing the institutions of a market economy and of solving social issues. It was also able to evaluate their chances for integration into the European and global economy and to avoid its own mistakes. The integration policies adopted by the Western neighbours which have only until recently been Belarus' friends and partners within the socialist system united by the Council of Economic Mutual Assistance (COMECON) give a good chance to considerate their controversial nature as well as the prospect of development of the other CES states. The governments of these countries declared the accession to the EU to be their priority, regarding it as one of the main guarantors of stable economic development and security (along with NATO). By the end of the 1990s the economies of almost all post-socialist countries started to suffer from serious «growth fatigue». Major manufacturers of material goods (the people, in other words) of these countries expressed a growing dissatisfaction with the methods of reforms. It is obvious that a psychological factor worked here: there is a big gap between expectations and the level of their satisfaction. The people tend to think that the economy is not working well, even if the rate of consumption rate is growing. However, these societies believe that within the EU it will be easier to overcome the challenges of globalisation which has become an unevitable and necessary process and is understood as a means of integration of capital, goods and labour markets the currently which are functioning separate from each other. The experience of involvement into the globalisation processes is extremely important for Belarus. There is no alternative to this involvement (nor to the general market economy model) and this applies more strongly to Belarus than to its neighbours. But the final result will depend on its own development strategy level and the growth policy; however the risk of globalization damage may be higher. The experience of the Belarusian neighbours shows that such government actions as the rapid «shattering» of state foundations during the transition to the market economy without any proper preparation for the loosening of state control over the economy as well as the extremism and incompetence of the authorities themselves has led to negative and unwanted consequences which eventually resulted in corruption corruption and crime in management and the unreadiness of legislation to be systemically transformed.

The purpose of this master's thesis - a comprehensive study of the regulation of principles governing processing of personal data in the European Union and the Republic of Belarus. The object of the present study is public relationships arising during implementation of processing of personal data. The main objectives are to review current legislation in the field of regulation of principles relating to processing of personal data in the European Union and the Republic of Belarus; to review the draft Law on personal data in the Republic of Belarus; to analyse comprehensively existing problems in the mentioned sphere; to review existing legislation in the sphere of regulation of principles related to processing of personal data of natural persons in the European Union in order to highlight adoption opportunities of foreign legislation for Belarus. The Regulation identifies seven principles applied to the processing of personal data: the principle of lawfulness, fairness and transparency, the principle of purpose limitation, the principle of data minimisation, the principle of accuracy, the principle of storage limitation, the principle of integrity and confidentiality, as well as the principle of accountability. The current legislation of the Republic of Belarus does not name the principles applied to the collection and processing of personal data, only establishing that the collection, processing, storage of personal data cannot be carried out without the written consent of that natural person, unless otherwise provided by legislation. On the other hand, the draft Law of the Republic of Belarus "On Personal Data" despite also not naming the principles applied to the processing of personal data, contains provisions on measures aimed at the implementation of certain principles, which are used in the Regulation. For example, according to the Draft the processing of personal data should be carried out in an amount that is not excessive in relation to the established goals, which is also referred to in the Regulation as a result of the principle of data minimization; personal data should be stored in a form that allows to determine the subject of personal data no longer than the processing goals require, and should be removed or depersonalized upon reaching the processing goals, which is the result of the implementation of the principle of data minimisation, also named in the Regulation. The same provisions are true for the principle of accuracy, lawfulness (including fairness and transparency), partially - for confidentiality and integrity. Thus, it is possible to speak of indirect partial recognition of the principles set forth in the Regulation. Practical implementation of the above-mentioned principles in the European Union is carried out through organizational and technical measures within the framework of data protection by design and by default. These measures are not "exclusive" for each single principle - instead, such measures are aimed at the implementation of the principles in conjunction with each other. For example, the publication of privacy policies and of other documents satisfy transparency, accuracy and accountability at the same time. Practical implementation of the protection of personal data in the current legislation of the Republic of Belarus is carried out via the adoption of measures of legal, technical and organizational nature. Organizational measures are the restriction of access to premises used in the process of processing personal data, as well as the differentiation of access rights to relevant information; legal measures oblige processors to enter agreements with users of relevant information, setting conditions for such use. Technical measures consist of technical and/or cryptographic information security, as well as certification of relevant information security systems. To speak about the practical implementation of the principles laid down in the Draft, it is not possible in the moment to identify suitable practical measures due to the lack of legal force of such a document and its inapplicability at the present time. However, as mentioned above, the Draft indirectly recognizes the principles of Regulation via directly naming almost identical level of protection achieved through fulfilling the requirements of the Draft. Thus, it can be said that measures aimed at implementing the principles of the Regulation will be applicable in to the Republic of Belarus too, provided that the Draft enters into force. The main recommendations for amending and supplementing the Draft can be divided into 2 groups: (a) bringing the provisions of the Draft in accordance with the Regulation, (b) considering issues that are problematic for both the Regulation and the Draft. Recommendations aimed at resolving problematic issues for both jurisdictions include clarifying the issue of "random" data collection; the ratio of information disclosure within the framework of transparency in the context of the protection of undisclosed information, information on intellectual property objects; revision of the approach on liability for violation of the provisions of the Draft in order to ensure a balance between preventiveness and economic benefits of practical implementation of principles of processing; provision of exemption cases when the operator did not know and should not have known about the application of the Draft requirements in order to eliminate "user extremism"; consideration of the possibility of providing measures aimed at eliminating the "consent fatigue". The results of this work can be useful both in the process of analysing and discussing the draft Law of the Republic of Belarus \"On Personal Data\" and to actors interested in the activity of collecting and processing personal data of individuals in the Republic of Belarus and (or) the European Union.

The purpose of this master's thesis - a comprehensive study of the regulation of principles governing processing of personal data in the European Union and the Republic of Belarus. The object of the present study is public relationships arising during implementation of processing of personal data. The main objectives are to review current legislation in the field of regulation of principles relating to processing of personal data in the European Union and the Republic of Belarus; to review the draft Law on personal data in the Republic of Belarus; to analyse comprehensively existing problems in the mentioned sphere; to review existing legislation in the sphere of regulation of principles related to processing of personal data of natural persons in the European Union in order to highlight adoption opportunities of foreign legislation for Belarus. The Regulation identifies seven principles applied to the processing of personal data: the principle of lawfulness, fairness and transparency, the principle of purpose limitation, the principle of data minimisation, the principle of accuracy, the principle of storage limitation, the principle of integrity and confidentiality, as well as the principle of accountability. The current legislation of the Republic of Belarus does not name the principles applied to the collection and processing of personal data, only establishing that the collection, processing, storage of personal data cannot be carried out without the written consent of that natural person, unless otherwise provided by legislation. On the other hand, the draft Law of the Republic of Belarus "On Personal Data" despite also not naming the principles applied to the processing of personal data, contains provisions on measures aimed at the implementation of certain principles, which are used in the Regulation. For example, according to the Draft the processing of personal data should be carried out in an amount that is not excessive in relation to the established goals, which is also referred to in the Regulation as a result of the principle of data minimization; personal data should be stored in a form that allows to determine the subject of personal data no longer than the processing goals require, and should be removed or depersonalized upon reaching the processing goals, which is the result of the implementation of the principle of data minimisation, also named in the Regulation. The same provisions are true for the principle of accuracy, lawfulness (including fairness and transparency), partially - for confidentiality and integrity. Thus, it is possible to speak of indirect partial recognition of the principles set forth in the Regulation. Practical implementation of the above-mentioned principles in the European Union is carried out through organizational and technical measures within the framework of data protection by design and by default. These measures are not "exclusive" for each single principle - instead, such measures are aimed at the implementation of the principles in conjunction with each other. For example, the publication of privacy policies and of other documents satisfy transparency, accuracy and accountability at the same time. Practical implementation of the protection of personal data in the current legislation of the Republic of Belarus is carried out via the adoption of measures of legal, technical and organizational nature. Organizational measures are the restriction of access to premises used in the process of processing personal data, as well as the differentiation of access rights to relevant information; legal measures oblige processors to enter agreements with users of relevant information, setting conditions for such use. Technical measures consist of technical and/or cryptographic information security, as well as certification of relevant information security systems. To speak about the practical implementation of the principles laid down in the Draft, it is not possible in the moment to identify suitable practical measures due to the lack of legal force of such a document and its inapplicability at the present time. However, as mentioned above, the Draft indirectly recognizes the principles of Regulation via directly naming almost identical level of protection achieved through fulfilling the requirements of the Draft. Thus, it can be said that measures aimed at implementing the principles of the Regulation will be applicable in to the Republic of Belarus too, provided that the Draft enters into force. The main recommendations for amending and supplementing the Draft can be divided into 2 groups: (a) bringing the provisions of the Draft in accordance with the Regulation, (b) considering issues that are problematic for both the Regulation and the Draft. Recommendations aimed at resolving problematic issues for both jurisdictions include clarifying the issue of "random" data collection; the ratio of information disclosure within the framework of transparency in the context of the protection of undisclosed information, information on intellectual property objects; revision of the approach on liability for violation of the provisions of the Draft in order to ensure a balance between preventiveness and economic benefits of practical implementation of principles of processing; provision of exemption cases when the operator did not know and should not have known about the application of the Draft requirements in order to eliminate "user extremism"; consideration of the possibility of providing measures aimed at eliminating the "consent fatigue". The results of this work can be useful both in the process of analysing and discussing the draft Law of the Republic of Belarus \"On Personal Data\" and to actors interested in the activity of collecting and processing personal data of individuals in the Republic of Belarus and (or) the European Union.