Suchergebnisse

Title Page -- Permissions -- Dedication -- Contents -- Author's Note -- Introduction -- Preface -- Disclaimer -- Chapter 1 How the Police Can Help You -- Emerging Police Protocols -- A New Police Sensitivity -- What to Tell the Police When You Call -- If You Are Not a Citizen -- What the Police Will Do -- Chapter 2 How to Be Safe if He Is Arrested -- What Mandatory Arrest Means -- Misdemeanors and Felonies -- Your Risk of Being Arrested for Defending Yourself -- Making a Citizen's Arrest -- Deciding Why You Want Him Arrested -- Cooperating with the Police

Historically the death penalty was mandatory for the crime of murder and other violent felonies, in accordance with English common law. Over the last three decades many former British colonies have reformed their capital punishment regimes to permit judicial sentencing discretion, including consideration of mitigating factors. Applying a comparative analysis to the law of capital punishment, this book examines the constitutional jurisprudence and resulting legislative reform in the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South and Southeast Asia, focusing on the rapid retreat of the mandatory death.

The Bork Confirmation Spectacle-One Rejected -- The Thomas Confirmation Spectacle-One Accepted -- Iran-Contra -- Nicaraguan Insurgents, a Mideast War, Missiles for Money and Hostages, Dark Ops, Presidential Felonies, and More! -- The Clinton Impeachment -- Castro, Specter, and Some JFK -- Arafat and Specter-the Clinton Impeachment Explosion and the Fallout -- The Stimulus Vote -- A Change of Parties-Specter Becomes a Democrat -- Specter Takes on the Magistrates and Becomes an LGBTQ Crusader -- A Change of Insanity in Washington -- A Former Career Prosecutor Goes After Career Criminals -- Specter's Quest for Federal Funding for Stem Cells Fighting Windmills.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 Anschluß and Consolidation, 1938-1939 -- Origins and Evolution of Juvenile Justice in Austria -- Impact of the Depression -- After the Anschluß, 1938-1939 -- Post-Anschluß Deviance, 1938-1939 -- 1. Traditional Offences -- 2. Political Crimes -- Conclusions -- 2 Nazification: The Impact of Wartime Ordinances on the Austrian Juvenile Penal Code, 1940-1944 -- Wartime Ordinances, 1939-1940 -- Juvenile Court Decisions, 1940-1944 -- 1. Juvenile Gangs -- 2. Small Rings and Individuals -- 3. Noncompliant Behavior, Indiscipline, Work Stoppages, Absenteeism -- 4. Violent Crimes -- 5. Moral Offences and Homosexuality -- 6. Subversive Behavior -- Conclusions -- 3 Juveniles Tried by Hitler's Special Courts, 1940-1945 -- Magistrates of the Special Courts -- Felonies Committed against Property -- 1. Austrian Juveniles -- 2. Foreign Juveniles -- Political Offences -- Sexual Offences -- Violence and Assault Felonies -- Conclusions -- 4 Juvenile Political Crimes, 1940-1944 -- Conclusions -- 5 Impact of the Juvenile Court Act, 1944-1945 -- Judicial Reports -- Gestapo Reports -- Court Records -- Break-Ins and Theft -- 1. Break-Ins -- 2. Hold-Ups and Robberies -- 3. Absenteeism, Indiscipline, and Breach of Contract -- 4. Assault and Sexual Immorality -- 5. Petty Thefts, Misbehaviors, and Adolescent Shenanigans -- Conclusions -- 6 Postwar and Beyond -- Postwar Offences, 1945-1946 -- Conclusions -- Final Thoughts -- Notes -- Introduction -- 1 Anschluβ and Consolidation, 1938-1939 -- 2 Nazification: The Impact of Wartime Ordinances on the Austrian Juvenile Penal Code, 1940-1944 -- 3 Juveniles Tried by Hitler's Special Courts, 1940-1945 -- 4 Juvenile Political Crimes, 1940-1944 -- 5 Impact of the Juvenile Court Act, 1944-1945 -- 6 Postwar and Beyond.

Title -- Quote -- Note on the Second Edition -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- 1 The Road to Harold's Cross -- 2 The Liberties -- 3 A Career of Infamy -- 4 A Gentleman's Gentleman -- 5 Jack Comes to London -- 6 The Sins of Jack Saul -- 7 Jack the Lad -- 8 The Duchess Goes to Court -- 9 The Dublin Felonies -- 10 The Blackmailer's Charter -- 11 The Best House in London -- 12 Banking towards Disaster -- 13 A Very Fine Collection of Telegraph Boys -- 14 The Unravelling -- 15 Arrests and Escapes -- 16 The Respectable Mr Violet -- 17 Jack jumps over the Candlestick -- 18 Whatever happened to Jack Saul? -- Acknowledgements -- Index -- Copyright

Under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996, individuals convicted of drug-related felonies were permanently banned from receiving welfare and food stamps. Since then, over 30 states have opted out of the federal ban. In this paper, I estimate the impact of public assistance eligibility on recidivism by exploiting both the adoption of the federal ban and subsequent passage of state laws that lifted the ban. Using administrative prison records on five million offenders and a triple-differences research design, I find that public assistance eligibility for drug offenders reduces one-year recidivism rates by 10 percent.

We examine the impact of low‐priority initiatives on criminal activity. Low‐priority initiatives mandate that minor marijuana possession offenses be the lowest enforcement priority for police. Localities pass these laws because they believe if officers devote fewer resources toward minor marijuana crimes, more resources will be available to deter more serious crimes. Using data from California, we find that jurisdictions that adopted low‐priority laws experienced a reduction in arrests for misdemeanor marijuana offenses. However, we do not find evidence of a consistent effect of enacting a low‐priority initiative on the crime or clearance rate of other felonies. (JEL H1, H4, K4)

The authority of the Constitutional Court to adjudicate and decide upon the opinion of the House of Representatives that the President and/or vice president has violated the law of treason to the state, corruption, bribery, other felonies, or moral turpitude, and/or that the President and /or Vice President no longer meets the conditions as President and/or Vice President are normative efforts to avoid a repeat of dismisal that are soley based on slander and suspicion which are only to satisfy the political interests of political elites. Key words : The authority of the Constitutional Court, Impeachment

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deterrent effect of imprisonment. Using data on offenders convicted of felonies in 1993 in Jackson County (Kansas City), Missouri, we compare recidivism rates for offenders sentenced to prison with those for offenders placed on probation. We find no evidence that imprisonment reduces the likelihood of recidivism. Instead, we find compelling evidence that offenders who are sentenced to prison have higher rates of recidivism and recidivate more quickly than do offenders placed on probation. We also find persuasive evidence that imprisonment has a more pronounced criminogenic effect on drug offenders than on other types of offenders.

In an effort to relieve its overburdened superior courts, California introduced a statutory amendment which allowed lesser felonies to be dealt with in lower‐level courts. Using an interrupted time‐series methodology, this study examines the impact of this change in law on caseloads, plea bargaining, conviction rates, and sentencing in the superior courts. After the statutory intervention there was a reduction in superior court caseloads, but the overall rate of plea bargaining remained relatively constant. However, there were substantial changes in types of plea bargains with a decline in fast pleas and a corresponding rise in slow pleas. It was also found that severity of sanctions was related to the changing caseload patterns. Policy and theoretical implications of these and other findings are discussed.

This paper reports the results of a study designed to examine the possibility that Mexican‐Americans charged with felonies receive biased treatment in California courts. Using data from superior courts in Fresno, California, it is shown that, when charged with similar crimes, Chicanos and Anglos in this district are given quite similar treatment–there is no observable judicial bias. In addition, this study shows a much stronger relationship between seriousness of charge and length of sentence (if guilty) than other earlier studies have. This is attributed to California's determinate sentencing law, which, it appears, forces the courts to give heavy and relatively uniform weight to legally relevant variables in sentencing.

This work deals with the legal regulation of the justice through juries and the importance that had in Chile on press judgments since 1813 until 1925. The author emphatizes the legal quality of the law on abuses against the press freedom, of December 11th, 1828, promulgated under the government of Francisco Antonio Pinto, that was abrogated under the government of Manuel Bulnes in 1846. This new legislation was a lot more restrictive of the freedom of the press; but little applied in practice and was abrogated in 1849; a new law was dictated in 1872, that lasted until its revocation in 1925. ; Este trabajo trata sobre la regulación legal de la justicia por medio de jurados y la importancia que tuvo en Chile en materia de juicios de imprenta entre 1813 y 1925. El autor destaca en razón de su calidad jurídica la ley sobre abusos de la libertad de imprenta de 11 de diciembre de 1828, promulgada bajo el gobierno de Francisco Antonio Pinto, que fue derogada bajo el gobierno de Manuel Bulnes en 1846. Esta nueva legislación fue mucho más restrictiva de la libertad de imprenta; pero poco se aplicó en la práctica porque el ejecutivo prefería recurrir al estado de sitio. Fue derogada en 1849 dictándose, finalmente, una nueva ley en 1872, que duró hasta su derogación en 1925.

Explores the potential benefits that lowering the age at which offenders are tried as adults from 18 to 16 (or 15) would have on juvenile crime. US Dept of Justice statistics indicate increases in juvenile crime 1988-1992 (particularly violent crimes), but only 5% of juveniles are tried in federal courts as adults & in many states, felonies committed by minors are not made public. Because of the recidivism among juvenile offenders, reclassifying them as adults would mean that many would serve longer sentences because they would not be treated as first-time offenders, & adult courts are less lenient. It is proposed that longer sentences would result in less crime committed by repeat juvenile offenders & also serve as a deterrent. 7 References. C. Haywood

Over the last two decades, the Spanish social fabric has undergone a variety of profound changes, which in turn may explain the rise in police-recorded crime and prison population figures. Although the rise in crime reported to the police has been higher for common offences—misdemeanors—, the mainstream media concentrates overwhelmingly in serious violent crimes—felonies—. Spain does not have an official agency responsible for conducting victimization surveys to measure crime trends as directly experienced by the citizens. Based on this methodology, our study shows that contrary to information gathered from police data, and despite social fabric changes, crime in Spain is decreasing. The present study also reveals the distorted public perception of this trend, which seems to respond to a repetitive coverage of serious crime by the mainstream media.

Richard Nixon showed that there really are second (and third) acts in American life, but Congress didn't get the memo, and so Jean Montrevil may be denied his own American Dream. A Haitian citizen who came to the United States legally at age seventeen, Montrevil had a green card when he was arrested on drug charges in 1988 at age nineteen. He served eleven years of a thirty-three-year sentence and was released early for good behavior. But a law passed after he went to prison requires that non-citizens convicted of felonies be returned to their country of origin after completing their sentence. "Prison saved my life," says Montrevil, who believes he would have died in the drug trade had he not gone to jail.