Suchergebnisse

This work analyzes the Agenda 2030 in its main potentiality to lead public policies and private actions towards a more sustainable path. At the same time it acknowledges its dependency on measurements and finance mechanisms for the Sustainable Development Goals implementation. The main argument is that public expectations face difficulties to be translated in public actions, due to, among other factors, the lack of measurement and finance mechanisms. With this purpose it starts describing what is the Agenda 2030, and how this United Nations lead international declaration is structured to be monitored and implemented by States and others multi stakeholders. Secondly it analyses the importance of the measurements to address critical social environmental challenges and to allow comparison between the achievements of each member state. Third it remarks the role-played by international financial institutions, by international investment and by the private sector in general. Forth, the article highlights the drawbacks the methodology of goals can represent when used to overcome collective challenges marked by moral issues and diffuse impacts, being highly dependent on measurements and finance tools. The methodology chosen was the descriptive and normative, the techniques used were documentary, legislative and bibliographic research.

The IPI tax exemptions implemented by the Union to circumvent the negative effects of the global financial crisis significantly influenced the composition of the Municipal Participation Fund (FPM), the main source of financing of municipal public finances. Thus, this study aimed to verify whether the revenues of the municipalities of Minas Gerais and their socioeconomic indicators changed significantly after the federal government's IPI tax waiver from 2008. The results show that the small municipalities were the ones that suffered the most negative effects of the IPI reduction on the FPM. On the other hand, it was also found that for more than 50% of the municipalities analyzed there was an increase in the levels of tax collection and the amounts transferred under the FPM, due to the financial support granted by the Union. ; As desonerações do Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados (IPI), implementadas pela União para contornar os efeitos negativos da crise financeira mundial, influenciaram significativamente a composição do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM), principal fonte de financiamento das finanças públicas municipais. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se as receitas dos municípios de Minas Gerais e seus indicadores socioeconômicos sofreram alterações significativas após a renúncia fiscal do IPI praticada pelo governo federal a partir de 2008. Os resultados evidenciam que os municípios de pequeno porte foram os que mais sofreram os efeitos negativos da redução do IPI sobre o FPM. Por outro lado, identificou-se também que para mais de 50% dos municípios analisados houve um aumento nos níveis da arrecadação tributária e também nos valores transferidos a título do FPM, em virtude do apoio financeiro concedido pela União.

The electric power sector is hugely important from an economic, political and social standpoint. The wealth created by this sector represented, on average, 2% of Brazil's GDP in the period from 1998 to 2002. By looking at the financial statements of companies in the sector, one finds a very low rate of investments, but that these firms are still highly indebted. As a result of this debt load and the respective increase in financial expenses, besides the lack of investments, most electricity distributors have been accumulating significant losses. The objective of this study is to examine the way these companies are financing themselves and how the wealth they produce is being distributed to internal and external financial agents. By means of their Value Added Statements (VAS), one can observe that the portion of wealth going to remunerate capital (own and third-party) has gone mainly to external financiers. Our research also shows that in the past three years, electricity distributors have been creating increasing levels of wealth, but the volume of assets necessary for its creation has fallen significantly. ; O setor energético é essencial e um dos mais importantes sob diversos aspectos: econômico, político e social. O valor da riqueza criada por esse setor representou, em média, 2% do PIB nacional no período de 1998 a 2002. Por meio das demonstrações contábeis das empresas desse setor, pode-se constatar que tem havido poucos investimentos e que, ainda assim, tais empresas estão altamente endividadas. Como conseqüência desse endividamento e do respectivo aumento das despesas financeiras, além da falta de investimentos, os resultados têm sido negativos e boa parte das distribuidoras de energia elétrica tem acumulado prejuízos significativos. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a forma como essas empresas estão se financiando e como a riqueza que elas produzem tem sido distribuída a dois de seus agentes: financiadores internos e externos. Por meio da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado – DVA pôde-se observar que a ...