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With reference to Indian conditions

The paper assesses the effects of certain institutional factors on financial sector development in Sub- Saharan Africa (SSA). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied to determine the extent to which these institutions affect the financial sector, and to suggest which institutions play a more critical role in each country. Results suggest that institutional factors affect financial depth and access to financial services more than asset quality and profitability (measured by nonperforming loans (NPL) and return on equity (ROE). The results also suggest that depth of credit information has the

Examines economic transition, 1992-99; includes private sector development, banking system, credit loans, promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), contribution of the Foundation for Enterprise Finance and Development Bank (FEFAD), and other issues; concludes that only financial intermediation and selective intervention can assure medium term growth and development.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the role of reducing information asymmetry (IA) on conditional financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary quantile regressions. Instruments for reducing IA include public credit registries (PCRs) and private credit bureaus (PCBs). Hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector development are used, namely, financial sector dynamics of formalization, informalization, semi-formalization and non-formalization.FindingsThe following findings are established. First, the positive (negative) effect of information sharing offices (ISO) on formal (informal) financial development is consistent with theory. Second, ISOs consistently increase formal financial development, with the incidence of PCRs higher in terms of magnitude, and financial sector formalization, with the impact of PCBs higher for the most part. Third, only PCBs significantly decrease informal financial development and both ISOs decrease financial sector informalization. Policy implications are discussed.Originality/valueThe study assesses the effect of reducing IA on financial development when existing levels of it matter because current studies based on mean values of financial development provide blanket policy implications which are unlikely to be effective unless they are contingent on prevailing levels of financial development and tailored differently across countries with high, intermediate and low initial levels of financial development.

Among other challenges, it can be argued that poverty remains the greatest challenge facing the developing countries, particularly for Sub-Saharan countries. A significant proportion of people in the developing world are severely affected by poverty. In 2013 it was estimated that 787 million of the world population lived in severe poverty (World Bank, 2016). Moreover, Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for half of the population who are severely affected by poverty. Using Namibia as a case study and data sets from 1991 to 2017, this research investigates how financial development impacts on poverty reduction in the country. The study employed the Johansen Cointegration Procedure and Vector Error Correction Model to test the data. The data was obtained from the World Development Indicators and the Namibia Central Bank. The main findings suggest that financial development is important for poverty reduction in the Namibian context, and has a positive and significant effect on poverty reduction. Further, there was a unidirectional causality between financial development and poverty. The Johansen cointegration results reported three cointegration equations amongst the variables, confirming a long-run cointegration relationship between financial sector development and poverty reduction. Interestingly, the per capita GDP is negatively associated with the poverty measure. The study recommends the government to focus on policies that stimulate credit to the private sector. In terms of trade openness, policies should aim at improving and strengthening fair bilateral and multilateral trade, as well as promoting regional trade in order to grow trade volumes.

Purpose
This paper aims to reexamine the relationship between financial openness and financial development in Ghana.


Design/methodology/approach
The study applied maximum likelihood estimation and autoregressive distributed lag approach and tested Granger causality using quarterly data from 1990:1 to 2020:4.


Findings
This study revealed a long-run equilibrium relationship between financial openness and development, indicating that financial openness is a critical factor in Ghana's financial development. Therefore, the study recommends with caution that policies aimed at promoting financial openness could be an effective way to encourage sustainable financial development in Ghana, as financial openness alone may not bring the desired outcome.


Research limitations/implications
The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence of the link between financial openness and financial sector development in Ghana. Future research could delve deeper into the mechanisms through which financial openness affects financial development, exploring potential channels and transmission mechanisms.


Practical implications
The findings suggest that policymakers, particularly the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Ghana, should prioritize policies aimed at promoting financial openness. This includes continued efforts toward financial liberalization and creating an environment conducive to domestic and international financial transactions. Moreover, policies aimed at increasing trade openness, boosting real GDP and maintaining moderate real interest rates are essential for fostering financial sector development.


Social implications
Enhancing financial sector development can have significant implications for society, including increased access to financial services, improved economic opportunities and enhanced overall economic stability. By promoting financial openness and development, policymakers would contribute to poverty reduction, job creation and overall socio-economic development. The study bridges the gap between theory and practice by providing empirical evidence supporting the theoretical proposition that financial openness stimulates financial sector development.


Originality/value
This study fills a crucial gap in the literature on the effects of financial openness on Ghana's financial sector development. It focuses on Ghana, which liberalized its financial sector in 1988 as part of the overall economic reforms in 1983, and this justifies the starting point of this paper in 1990, as there are no adequate data before 1990. The study uses principal component analysis to construct an index that measures financial development. The study considers the recent financial crises in Ghana in 2017 and underscores the importance of understanding the link between financial openness and financial development, which becomes useful for policymakers and researchers studying financial system development in sub-Saharan Africa which includes Ghana.