Suchergebnisse

The main objective of the present study was to characterize sex differences in the temporal discrimination and activity level of an animal model of attention deficit disorder (ADD) using a conjunctive 120-s variable interval 16-s differential reinforcement of low rate (VIDRL) schedule of reinforcement. The results showed that the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) male was generally hyperactive and that the SHR female was both hyperactive and had severe time discrimination problems. The latter caused relatively fewer reinforcers to be delivered. However, even when a reinforcer was delivered, the SHR female frequently failed to collect it. When the SHR females were in diestrus, their behavior became even less efficient. The present findings with the animal model seem to be in general agreement with the behavior of ADD children when a DRL schedule is used. Most of our results were explained as due to impulsiveness, which is more pronounced in the SHR female than in the male. In addition, the SHR female had attention problems. The present study further supports the usefulness of the SHR as animal model of ADD.

Intro -- Patterns of Provocation -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. 'Blood May': The Case of Berlin 1929 -- Chapter 2. The Police and the ClichyMassacre, March 1937 -- Chapter 3. Sectarian Violence and Police Violence in Glasgow duringthe 1930s -- Chapter 4. The People's Police and the Miners of Saalfeld, August 1951 -- Chapter 5. New York's Night of Birmingham Horror -- Chapter 6. Policing Pit Closures,1984-1992 -- Chapter 7. The Role of the Police -- A Note on Further Reading -- Contributors -- Index.

OBJECTIVES: The Vietnam and Persian Gulf wars have awakened people to the realization that military service can be traumatizing for women as well as men. This study investigated the etiological roles of both war and sexual trauma in the development of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder among female Vietnam veterans. METHODS: Data from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study for 396 Vietnam theater women and 250 Vietnam era women were analyzed with structural equation modeling. RESULTS: An etiological model with highly satisfactory fit and parsimony was developed. Exposure to war trauma contributed to the probability of posttraumatic stress disorder in theater women, as did sexual trauma in both theater and era women. Lack of social support at the time of homecoming acted as a powerful mediator of trauma for both groups of women. CONCLUSIONS: Within the constraints and assumptions of causal modeling, there is evidence that both war trauma and sexual trauma are powerful contributors to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder among female Vietnam veterans.

Abstract: This paper advances the conjecture that external budgetary pressure on a bureaucratic hierarchical organisation, such as a hospital, can cause an imbalance in that organisation, whereby administrative practices may proliferate, an "inert" segment of the organisation may successfully resist change, and the clinical work, the raison d'être of the organisation, may decrease markedly. First, a mathematical model for the behaviour of a single level in the organisational hierarchy is developed; secondly, the aggregate model formed by applying the single‐level model simultaneously to all levels in an organisation is examined. The approach presented may enable administrators to view and understand the behaviour of their organisations from a new and potentially useful angle.