Suchergebnisse

U političkome trenutku kada se Europska unija percipira kao specifična politička organizacija kompleksnoga multirazinskog sustava vlasti koji prevladava nacionalne i manjinske probleme, pojavile su se tendencije unutarnjega identitetskog i političkog komešanja kod pojedinih država članica. Španjolska predstavlja izuzetan primjer recentne političke nestabilnosti proizvedene uslijed najava referendumskih izjašnjavanja građana Katalonije o potencijalnoj neovisnosti. Ekonomska kriza koja je pogodila Španjolsku zasigurno je katalizator spomenutih tendencija, ali nipošto jedini ili odlučujući faktor u političkome zahtjevu za neovisnošću ili barem povećanom autonomijom unutar Španjolske. Potonja ima dugu povijest sukobljavanja centralističkih i regionalno-federalističkih tradicija, a njezina identitetska kompleksnost nipošto ne odgovara centralističkomu sustavu vlasti i političke teritorijalizacije. Stoga su izazovnost tematike španjolskoga regionalnog modela, njegova problematika i zahtjevi za revidiranjem suviše važna tematika koja zahtijeva pažljivo proučavanje mnoštva aspekata koje ovaj model podrazumijeva. Ovaj rad nema namjeru sveobuhvatne analize španjolskoga regionalnog ustrojstva, već kratak presjek najznačajnijih elemenata koji su reaktualizirani u novijim događajima te njihovo smještanje u odgovarajuće teorijske modele radi lakšega razumijevanja i interpretacije. ; In today's political situation when the European Union is percevied as a specific political organization with a complex multilevel system of authority which overcomes national and minority problems, certain identity and political restlesness started to emerge in some member states. Spain is an excellent example of recent political instability created due to the announcement of the citizens referendum on potential self-determination in Catalonia. Economic crisis which has affected Spain is definitely a catalyst of the mentioned tendencies, but by no means the only and decisive factor in the political claims for independence or at least greater autonomy within Spain. The latter has a long history of conflict between centralist and regional-federal traditions, and the complexity of its identity in no way corresponds to the centralized system of government and political territorialization. Therefore, the challenging themes of Spanish regional model, its problems and requirements for its revisionism are extremely important issues which require careful study from multiple aspects that such model implies. This paper is not a comprehensive analysis of Spanish regional organization, but a brief overview of its most significant elements reaffirmed in the most recent events as well as their positioning within appropriate theorethical models for easier understanding and interpretation.

Osnovni je cilj ovog rada utvrditi potencijalno učinkovit smjer razvoja politike razvojne suradnje Republike Hrvatske kao države članice Europske unije i države donatora. Radom se predlaže praćenje globalnih i europskih trendova razvoja te politike primjenom modela delegirane razvojne suradnje kojim je moguće ostvarivati vlastite ciljeve i stjecati koristi ne upotrebljavajući isključivo vlastita nacionalna sredstva i resurse, nego podjelom donatorskih aktivnosti, uz ekspertize i resurse svih uključenih donatora te istodobno ostvarivanje učinkovitih rezultata. Imajući u vidu ograničene financijske resurse za provedbu te politike te preuzete obveze primarno spram Europske unije, provedena analiza u radu ukazuje na model delegirane razvojne suradnje kao na moguće strateško opredjeljenje Republike Hrvatske u provedbi predmetne politike u idućem razdoblju. Holistički pristup razvoju te politike, specijalizacija za određena područja djelovanja te integracija s drugim donatorima identificirani su kao predstojeći izazovi za Republiku Hrvatsku, a ujedno i kao preduvjeti primjene modela delegirane razvojne suradnje. ; The main aim of this study is to determine possible strategic guidance for increasing the effectiveness of implementing the development cooperation policy in the Republic of Croatia, bearing in mind its membership of the European Union and the fact that, since 2011, the Republic of Croatia has been officially classified as an international donor. Thus, taking into consideration the limited financial resources available for the implementation of this policy, the analysis in this study proposes a model of delegated cooperation as a possible strategic commitment on the part of the Republic of Croatia in policy implementation in the coming period. The delegated cooperation model should be considered in the context of the Republic of Croatia's meeting its commitments towards the European Union and the global donor community, as well as guidance for alignment with current global donor trends in policy implementation. Furthermore, it should be seen as beneficial in terms of achieving the visibility of the Republic of Croatia as a donor country, its proliferation through comparative advantage, and the withdrawal of European Union funds in order to achieve its own benefits and ultimate fulfillment of global development goals. In order to achieve this, structural changes should be introduced regarding the necessary political commitments and appropriate institutional and procedural reforms. In this respect, the need to introduce changes in the existing political system of the Republic of Croatia should be considered.

Zbog svoje prostorne zaokruženosti i odvojenosti od kopna, otoci su na neki način zasebni i autonomni svjetovi, ali su istovremeno i mjesta susreta mnogobrojnih migracijskih ruta životinja i ljudi. Dijalektičko shvaćanje otočnosti koje proizlazi iz sažimanja predodžbe o otoku kao izoliranom svijetu i otoku kao dinamičnom čvorištu omogućava adekvatnije razumijevanje odnosa otoka i migracija (tj. otočana i migranata) u kontekstu (post)nacionalnih teritorijalnih sustava i globaliziranog tržišta. K tome, dijalektičko rekodiranje pojma otočnosti može pomoći stanovnicima otoka na putu prema istinskoj političkoj emancipaciji, a ujedno poslužiti i kao model društvenog organiziranja u eri obilježenoj čestim i masovnim ograđivanjima (engl. enclosures) i protjerivanjima (engl. expulsions), u kojoj nas sve veći broj postaje nekom vrstom otočana i izbjeglica. ; Owing to their spatial enclosure and detachment from the mainland, islands may be considered as separate and autonomous worlds, yet they are also intersection points of various migration routes, human and animal alike. A dialectical understanding of insularity, as a result of merging the image of the island as an isolated world and the island as a dynamic node, offers a more adequate insight into the relationship between islands and migrations (i.e. between islanders and migrants) in the context of (post)national territorial systems and the globalized market. Moreover, a dialectical re-coding of the idea of insularity may help the inhabitants of islands on their way towards genuine political emancipation, as well as serve as a model of social organizing in an age marked by frequent and massive enclosures and expulsions, in which an increasing number of us is turning into a sort of islanders and refugees.

The education system per se, despite its central position in the field of study proclaimed by the scholarly community of Comparative and International Education, has never taken a central stage/role in Comparative and International Education scholarly enquiry. Through the various stages of its history, Comparative and International Education research has either focused on the societal-contextual forces (geography, demography, social system, economy, political system, religio-philosophical viewpoints) shaping education or on the societal outcomes/effects of education, to such an extent that the education system has always remained the blind spot in the centre of the field. A model explaining the structure of the education system which shows the components of "the" education system and their interrelationships has resultantly not been developed. This article attempts to address this shortcoming by discussing and outlining the structure of the education system on the basis of recent epistemological developments. Four components of the education system, along with their elements, are identified: education system policy, organisation and administration, structure for teaching, and support services. ; Obrazovni sustav per se, usprkos svojoj središnjoj ulozi za koju se zauzimaju stručnjaci unutar Komparativne i međunarodne edukacije nikada nije bio u žarištu znanstvenih istraživanja u spomenutom području. Istraživanja unutar Komparativne i međunarodne edukacije do sada su, u različitim razdobljima svoje povijesti, bila usredotočena ili na društveno-kontekstne snage (geografiju, demografiju, društveni sustav, ekonomiju, politički sustav, religijsko-filozofski svjetonazor) koje oblikuju obrazovanje ili na ishode/učinke obrazovanja na društvo do te mjere da je obrazovni sustav uvijek ostajao nejasan u odnosu na glavni dio toga područja. Stoga još uvijek nije razvijen model koji bi objasnio strukturu obrazovnog sustava prikazujući komponente ,,obrazovnog sustava" i njihove međusobne odnose. U ovom se radu nastoji istaknuti taj nedostatak putem rasprave i prikaza strukture obrazovnog sustava na temelju novijih epistemoloških razvojnih ideja. Identificirane su četiri komponente obrazovnog sustava, kao i njihovi elementi, a to su: politika obrazovnog sustava, organizacija i administracija, struktura potrebna za nastavu i službe podrške.

U ovome broju časopisa Etnološka tribina objavljujemo temat koji problematizira javne prostore. Radovi u tematu bave se simboličkim i jezičnim preoznačavanjem javnog prostora prilikom demonstracija u Istanbulu 2013. godine (Selvelli); konfliktnim vizijama modernosti kroz izgradnju i mijenu javnih prostora u srpskom gradu Jagodina (Petrović); procesima evaluacije urbanih javnih prostora u različitim dijelovima Lisabona (Gato); kognitivnim mapiranjem kretanja u američkom gradu Austinu obilježenom rasnom diferencijacijom (Norkunas); javnim prostorima i njihovim oživljavanjem kroz projekte urbanog vrtlarenja i biciklizma (Poljak Istenič); mentalnim mapiranjem i percepcijom straha u primjerima estonskoga prostora (Hiiemäe); interakcijama zagrebačkih sakupljača boca i njihovom (ne)vidljivošću u javnom prostoru (Vukušić i Stelko); te situacionističkim konceptom dérive kao oblikom suvremene urbane etnografije propitane na primjeru Delhija (Sharanya). Radovima koji se bave javnim prostorima u raznim gradovima svijeta želimo, između ostaloga, pokrenuti i raspravu o potencijalnu urbanih politika i suvremenog urbanog života prema razvijanju participatornog te društveno i okolišno održivog grada. ; The thematic section of this year's issue of Etnološka tribina focuses on public spaces. The articles deal with the spatial and linguistic reappropriation and resignification of public space during the protests in Gezi Park, Istanbul in 2013 (Selvelli); conflicting versions of modernity engendered by the construction of and changes made to public spaces in the Serbian town of Jagodina (Petrović); processes of evaluating urban public spaces in Lisbon (Gato); cognitive mapping of movement and race issues in Austin, Texas (Norkunas); public spaces and their revival through urban gardening and cycling (Poljak Istenič); mental mapping and the perception of danger in Estonian spatial examples (Hiiemäe); bottle collectors' interactions and their (in)visibility in public spaces in Zagreb (Vukušić and Stelko); the Situationist concept of dérive as a form of contemporary urban ethnography as discussed through the example of Delhi (Sharanya). The underlying intention of this thematic section is to foster an interdisciplinary discussion concerning the potentials of contemporary urban life and politics so as to develop a participatory, just, as well as socially and environmentally sustainable city.

U radu se analiziraju posljedice obrazovne segregacije i postojeće mjere obrazovne integracije djece romske nacionalne manjine koje se provode u Hrvatskoj. Mjere se sagledavaju s aspekta njihovog doprinosa ravnopravnoj participaciji romske djece u obrazovanju i uspješnom završetku školovanja. Kao mogući odgovor na brojne izazove u obrazovanju i uključivanju romske djece, opisuje se koncept magnet škole kao sveobuhvatni model obrazovne politike i prakse koji je nastao upravo s ciljem obrazovne desegregacije učenika iz manjinskih skupina te poboljšanjem učeničkih postignuća kroz podizanje kvalitete podučavanja i okruženja za učenje. Posebna prednost ovog modela ogleda se u unapređivanju kvalitete obrazovanja za svu djecu budući da se njime artikulirano promiče kvaliteta, jednakost i akademska uspješnost za svu djecu. S obzirom na to da se radi o američkom modelu, razmatraju se mogućnosti implementacije modela u hrvatski obrazovni sustav uvažavajući smjernice uspješnih magnet-škola. ; This paper analyses the consequences of educational segregation and existing measures of educational integration of Roma children in Croatia. The measures are viewed from the aspect of their contribution to equal participation of Roma children and successful completion of schooling. As a possible response to numerous challenges in the education and inclusion of Roma children, the concept of magnet school is described as a comprehensive model of educational policies and practice which has been developed to integrate minority group students and improve student achievement through raising the quality of the teaching and learning environment. A special advantage of this model reflects in improving the quality of education for all children since it articulates the quality, equity and academic success of all children. Given that this is an American model, the possibilities of model implementation in the Croatian education system are considered, taking into account the guidelines for successful magnet schools.

Autor istražuje i analizira recentne promjene u emisijskim politikama država i monetarnih unija u segmentu kovinskog novca, koje su sve češće, a provode se zato da bi se ostvarili nefiskalni prihodi i postigli drugi nemonetarni učinci. U radu se razmatraju samo službene emisije kovinskog novca. ; The author researches and analyses recent changes in the coin emission policies of states and monetary unions, which are increasingly frequent and are made to acquire non-fiscal revenue and achieve other non-monetary effects. The article examines only official coin emission.

Autor istražuje i analizira recentne promjene u emisijskim politikama država i monetarnih unija u segmentu kovinskog novca, koje su sve češće, a provode se zato da bi se ostvarili nefiskalni prihodi i postigli drugi nemonetarni učinci. U radu se razmatraju samo službene emisije kovinskog novca. ; The author researches and analyses recent changes in the coin emission policies of states and monetary unions, which are increasingly frequent and are made to acquire non-fiscal revenue and achieve other non-monetary effects. The article examines only official coin emission.

The main goal of this paper is to discuss the dynamics of public debt servicing – both domestic and foreign – in Zambia, tracing the trends, reforms and challenges over the period from 1964 to 2015. The paper shows that the exceptional rise in public debt servicing obligations in Zambia over the period under review has been principally due to high domestic and foreign interest rates, frequent debt rescheduling at commercial rates, and capitalisation of non-liquidated service obligations at commercial rates. Also revealed in the paper is the fact that prior to 2005, Zambia experienced severe public debt servicing problems which eased after 2006 owing to debt relief initiatives and an economic rebound. Among the government debt service reforms discussed in the paper are structural adjustments in foreign exchange management, fiscal and monetary reforms, and aggressive engagement of traditional creditors. Primary among the identified challenges of public debt servicing in Zambia was the insistent economic crises that dogged the country during the study period. Notwithstanding the current public debt service sustainability and remarkable economic performance that characterise the country today, the paper found that the recent contraction of nonconcessional loans by the state poses a threat to debt service sustainability in future. Hence, the paper recommends, among other things, for aligning of public sector infrastructure spending with revenues to ensure budget sustainability, and to continue diversifying the economy to minimise the impact of external commodity price shocks on the economy. ; The main goal of this paper is to discuss the dynamics of public debt servicing – both domestic and foreign – in Zambia, tracing the trends, reforms and challenges over the period from 1964 to 2015. The paper shows that the exceptional rise in public debt servicing obligations in Zambia over the period under review has been principally due to high domestic and foreign interest rates, frequent debt rescheduling at commercial rates, and capitalisation of non-liquidated service obligations at commercial rates. Also revealed in the paper is the fact that prior to 2005, Zambia experienced severe public debt servicing problems which eased after 2006 owing to debt relief initiatives and an economic rebound. Among the government debt service reforms discussed in the paper are structural adjustments in foreign exchange management, fiscal and monetary reforms, and aggressive engagement of traditional creditors. Primary among the identified challenges of public debt servicing in Zambia was the insistent economic crises that dogged the country during the study period. Notwithstanding the current public debt service sustainability and remarkable economic performance that characterise the country today, the paper found that the recent contraction of nonconcessional loans by the state poses a threat to debt service sustainability in future. Hence, the paper recommends, among other things, for aligning of public sector infrastructure spending with revenues to ensure budget sustainability, and to continue diversifying the economy to minimise the impact of external commodity price shocks on the economy.

O modelu "nacionalne kulture" Geerta Hofstedea raspravlja se u ovom članku s tri aspekta. Sa sociološkog aspekta, model je izraz interesa multinacionalnih korporacija u eri globalizacije za uklanjanjem kulturnih prepreka poslovanju, koje su uspostavili modeli značenja kulture u sklopu carstava i nacija-država, preferirajući oštre distinkcije i fundamentalnu neusporedivost kultura. Drugi aspekt rasprave je metodološki, gdje se upozorava na problem odnosa između empirijskih varijacija i tipičnosti u Hofstedeovu modelu, budući da on zanemaruje promjenjivost i proturječja u kulturnom obrascu. I treći aspekt, pedagoški, odnosi se na pitanje može li se ili na koji način model upotrijebiti kao predložak za izradu odgojno-obrazovnog kurikuluma, odnosno pedagoški preporučljivog vrijednosno-normativnog obrasca orijentacije (učenika), u demokratskom i pluralističkom, ali i sve više tržišno povezanom i neizvjesnom svijetu. ; Geert Hofstede's model of "national culture" is discussed from three aspects. From the sociological aspect, the model represents the expression of multinational companies' interests for the removal of cultural barriers to business in the era of globalization, the barriers established by the models of importance of culture within empires and nation-states, preferring strict distinctions and fundamental incomparability of cultures. The second aspect of the discussion is methodological, pointing to the problem of relationship between empirical variations and typicalnesses in Hofstede's model, since it does not sufficiently allow for variability and discrepancies in cultural pattern. The third, educational aspect, considers the question whether it is or how is it possible to use this model as a sample for an educational curriculum, i.e. pedagogically recommendable value-normative pattern of students' orientation in the world which is democratic and pluralistic, but at the same time more and more market-united and uncertain. ; Über das Modell der "nationalen Kultur" von Geert Hofstede wird in diesem Artikel unter drei Gesichtspunkten gesprochen. Aus soziologischer Sicht kommen in diesem Modell Interessen multinationaler Konzerne zum Ausdruck, in der Zeit der Globalisierung kulturelle Barrieren für ihre Geschäftstätigkeit zu beseitigen, die durch Bedeutungsmodelle der Kultur im Rahmen der Weltreiche und nationalen Staaten aufgebaut wurden, indem sie scharfe Trennungslinien und grundsätzliche Unvergleichbarkeit von Kulturen bevorzugten. Der zweite Aspekt der Diskussion ist methodologischer Natur. Dabei wird das Verhältnis zwischen empirischen Varianten und dem Idealtyp in Hofstedes Modell kritisch überprüft, da es ungenügend die Veränderlichkeit und Widersprüchlichkeit von Kulturmustern berücksichtigt. Der dritte, pädagogische Gesichtspunkt bezieht sich auf die Frage, ob und wie dieses Modell als Vorlage für die Ausarbeitung eines Bildungs- und Erziehungskurrikulums bzw. eines pädagogisch vertretbaren normativen Wertmusters zur Orientierung von Schülern in einer demokratischen und pluralen, jedoch wirtschaftlich immer mehr vernetzten und unsicheren Welt benutzt werden kann.

Problematika optimalnog vođenja prometnog toka te osiguranja odgovarajućeg broja parkirnih mjesta prisutan je u većini visokorazvijenih urbanih sredina Europske unije pa i Republike Hrvatske. Formiranje odgovarajućeg rastera prometne mreže, uvjetovane povijesnim i postojećim građevinama i zonama izuzetno je izazovan zadatak. Isto tako, zahtjevno je i osiguranje odgovarajuće dostupnosti do slobodnih parkirnih kapaciteta u vremenima vršnih opterećenja u samim središtima urbanih područja. No, vrlo su česti slučajevi u kojima, čak i u trenutku kada se osiguraju odgovarajući parkirni kapaciteti, dolazi do zastoja na ulaznim i izlaznim terminalima parkirališta i garažnih objekata koja su derivirana nesukladnostima njihovih kapaciteta i prometnih potreba u određenom vremenskom trenutku. Upravo iz tog razloga, u radu se predstavlja potencijalni model određivanja optimalnog broja ulaznih uslužnih mjesta (terminala) primjenom teorije redova čekanja. ; The issue of the optimal management of the traffic flow and the ensuring of an adequate number of parking spaces is present in the majority of highly developed urban areas of the European Union, including the Republic of Croatia. The formation of an adequate raster of the transport network, conditioned by the historical and existing buildings and areas is an extremely challenging task. Similarly, ensuring an adequate availability of free parking capacities in times of rush hours in the very centres of urban areas is also very demanding. However, what often occurs, even when adequate parking capacities are ensured, is a halt on the input and output terminals of parking lots and garage facilities that are derived by a disproportion of their capacities and traffic needs at a specific time. Precisely for that reason, this paper presents a potential model for determining of an optimal number of input service places (terminals) by using the queuing theory.

Država Izrael u svijetu je prepoznata po višetisućljetnoj židovskoj tradiciji i povijesti. Osim bogate kulture, prožete bliskoistočnim elementima, ali i onima doseljenika iz raznih zapadnih zemalja, Izrael uživa poseban imidž na međunarodnoj pozornici. Taj pak imidž ovisi o više faktora – s jedne strane Izrael predstavlja multikulturalnu zemlju poželjnu kao turističku destinaciju ili pak zemlju za ekonomske i tehnološke inovacije, dok s druge Izrael biva predstavljen u negativnom kontekstu kao vojnička država koja guši prava manjina, posebice arapske. Negativan imidž utječe na Izrael, kao i na svaku drugu državu. Međutim, diplomatskim aktivnostima i raznim projektima ta slika pokušava se iz dana u dan poboljšati. Suradnja između diplomatskih službenika i konzultanata odnosa s javnošću ima za cilj što efektivniju promociju Izraela. Iako je percepcija Izraela ponekad izrazito polarizirana, u poslovnom svijetu taj faktor ne utječe na njegovo gospodarstvo. Baš suprotno, za vrijeme sukoba ili ratnih kriza, izraelski BDP je rastao, a sve to zahvaljujući imidžu vrijednih i upornih ljudi koji uživa židovska populacija u ekonomskom svijetu. U političkom kontekstu, Izrael druge države dijeli na prijateljske, odnosno neprijateljske. Kod prijateljskih, većinom zapadnjačkih država, uživa veliku potporu i u vojnom i u gospodarskom smislu te negativno pisanje svjetski poznatih medija ne utječe na tu potporu. Ovaj rad istražuje strategije međunarodnih odnosa s javnošću i diplomacije Države Izrael kao brenda u međunarodnoj zajednici. Kroz kratak povijesni pregled predstavlja se razvoj metoda kojima se izgrađuje imidž Izraela na međunarodnoj pozornici, a stručnjaci i diplomati daju praktičan uvid u funkcioniranje javne diplomacije i odnosa s javnošću na razini jedne države. ; The State of Israel is renowed worldwide for its millenial Jewish tradition and history. Besides its rich culture, infused with Middle Eastern and Western flavours, Israel nurtures a distinctive image in the international arena. The image is influenced by ...

U prvom dijelu rada autori definiraju nefiskalne instrumente financiranja javnih potreba, pri čemu je poseban naglasak na pojmu i razvoju javno-privatnog partnerstva. U nastavku rada autori analiziraju pojedine sastavnice javno-privatnog partnerstva: oblike, prednosti i nedostatke korištenja javno-privatnog partnerstva, političke aspekte, procjenu vrednovanja rizika pri ugovaranju javno- privatnog partnerstva. Završni dio rada posvećen je zakonodavnoj i institucionalnoj infrastrukturi tog oblika financiranja: Smjernicama i preporukama Europske unije za uspješnu primjenu javno-privatnog partnerstva te Smjernicama Vlade Republike Hrvatske donesenim u srpnju 2006. ; The financing of the public interests through public private partnership has lately become a rather popular theme, both in Croatia and abroad. One of the basic characteristics of public private partnership is that it is a non-fiscal instrument of financing public needs. In the first part of the paper the authors define nonfiscal financing instruments as well as the concept and development of public private partnership. Since the term public private partnership today covers different forms of combination of public and private interests, the authors outline the most frequent typologies of association used in Great Britain (»the fatherland« of public private partnership), and the United States. Analysing the advantages and the disadvantages of this financing instrument, the authors pay special attention to its political aspects, which the opponents consider to be one of its major shortcomings. They also deal with the issues of risk assessment and evaluation in the process of negotiating public private partnerships, which they believe to be the core of public-private relations. In the final part of the paper, the authors analyse the EU Directives for successful implementation of public private partnerships, stressing that many Member States and candidate countries have conducted reforms of their legislations in order to be able to use the instrument of PPP. The Guidelines of the Croatian Government and the necessary institutional and legislative support for a more intensive use of this instrument are also analysed. The authors believe that it is necessary to establish a special body that would deal with the problems of public private partnership (e.g., preparation of legislative regulation; creation of a uniform methodology for the implementation of PPP; approval of the PPP projects). They also suggest that we should not forget other forms of financing the public interests by including private capital and financial markets into the process, since the limited and insufficient budget funds cannot be efficiently replaced with only one instrument of non-fiscal financing.

Otvorenost javne uprave, koja uključuje njenu vidljivost i dostupnost građanima, ali i mogućnost sudjelovanja građana u donošenju odluka, formuliranju politika i propisa, jedno je od temeljnih načela europskoga upravnog prostora. Europska unija prepoznaje otvorenost kao jedno od temeljnih načela funkcioniranja institucija na europskoj razini te potiče zemlje članice i kandidatkinje na usvajanje i ostvarivanje otvorenosti u upravnoj praksi, uglavnom putem mehanizama mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj su procesi europeizacije započeli početkom 2000-ih, a u sklopu brojnih prilagodbi javne uprave, došlo je do napretka u ostvarivanju transparentnosti i otvorenosti javne uprave, posebno u završnim fazama procesa pristupanja u članstvo Europske unije. Pitanje otvorenosti javne uprave prepoznato je kao važan preventivni mehanizam unutar antikorupcijske politike, zbog čega je postalo dijelom europske politike kondicionalnosti. Premda su mehanizmi za ostvarivanje otvorenosti brojni, jedan od najčešćih su javne konzultacije ili savjetovanje sa zainteresiranom javnošću. Provođenje javnih konzultacija predmet je regulacije na europskoj razini. Praksa Europskog suda, preporuke Europske komisije i naglašavanje suradnje i razmjene dobre prakse, bez nametanja konkretnih obvezujućih pravila, upućuje na područje tzv. horizontalne europeizacije i dominaciju mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj je provođenje savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću regulirano prvenstveno Zakonom o pravu na pristup informacijama (NN 85/15) te drugim zakonima i propisima. U normativnom pogledu, napredak je ostvaren 2009. donošenjem Kodeksa savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću u postupcima donošenja zakona, drugih propisa i akata. U pogledu implementacije, međutim, napretka nije bilo sve do izmjena Zakona o pravu na pristup informacijama 2013. i ustanovljavanja institucionalnog mehanizma za provođenje zakonskih odredbi. Usprkos tome, provedbu savjetovanja obilježavaju brojne manjkavosti, posebice na lokalnoj i regionalnoj razini, te u slučaju širokog spektra zakonom definiranih tijela javne vlasti. ; Public administration openness is one of the basic principles of the European administrative space, including public administration visibility and accessibility to citizens, as well as possibility of citizens' involvement in decision making, formulation of policies and regulations. The European Union recognizes openness as a fundamental principle for the functioning of institutions at the European level, but also encourages member and candidate states to adopt and achieve openness in the practice of national administrative organizations, mainly through soft law mechanisms. Since the 2000's, the process of Europeanization has led to numerous adjustments of the Croatian public administration, including the implementation of the principle of transparency and openness, especially during the final stages of the accession process. The issue of public administration openness has been recognized as an important preventive mechanism within the anticorruption policy and has consequently become a part of the European policy of conditionality. Although the instruments for achieving openness are numerous, one of the most common are public consultations or consultations with interested public. Public consultations are regulated at the European level. The practice of the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Commission recommendations and promotion of cooperation and good practice exchange, without concrete binding rules, indicate that it is an area dominated by the so-called horizontal Europeanization and soft law. In Croatia, public consultations are primarily regulated by the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, but also by other laws and bylaws. Normative progress has been achieved in 2009 by issuing The Code of practice on consultation with the interested public in procedures of adopting laws, other regulations and acts. With respect to implementation, improvement has not been achieved before 2013 with amendments to the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, which introduced adequate institutional mechanism for the implementation process. However, the implementation of public consultations is still defective, particularly at the local and regional level, and in the case of the broad legal category of public authorities.

Iako je deficit pažnje/hiperaktivni poremećaj (ADHD) najčešći neurorazvojni poremećaj u dječjoj dobi, istraživanja ADHD-a u Republici Hrvatskoj iznimno su rijetka, a posebice se to odnosi na istraživanja u kojima su sudionici sama djeca s ADHD-om. Stoga je opći cilj ovog rada opisati osobno, doživljeno iskustvo svakodnevnog života vezanog uz školovanje osnovnoškolskih dječaka s ADHDom. U istraživanje je uključen namjeran uzorak sudionika, 14 dječaka s ADHD-om kronološke dobi od 8 do 11 godina, koji su uključeni u redovan sustav obrazovanja. Sa svakim su dječakom provedena tri polustrukturirana fenomenološka intervjua. Posebna pažnja u ovom istraživanju posvećena je metodološkom pristupu usmjerenom na dijete, prilagođenom djetetovim razvojnim osobinama te sigurnom za dijete. Podaci su obrađeni metodom interpretativne fenomenološke analize (IPA), a iskustvo školovanja dječaka s ADHD-om prikazano je kroz dvije teme: (1) Izazovi školovanja s ADHD-om te (2) Podrška u školi: važnost uvažavanja, senzibiliziranosti i odnosa. Istraživanje je pokazalo da dječaci s ADHD-om prepoznaju svoje izazove vezane uz školovanje, a njihove teškoće najviše dolaze do izražaja u obrazovnim aktivnostima koje od njih zahtijevaju usmjeravanje i održavanje pozornosti, organiziranost, ustrajnost, fleksibilnu pažnju i radno pamćenje. Posljedično se suočavaju s iskustvom školskog neuspjeha, frustracije te sniženog samopouzdanja kad su posrijedi njihove sposobnosti. Dječaci prepoznaju podršku koju u školi dobivaju od učiteljice i pomoćnice u nastavi, ali i ograničenja koja doživljavaju radi nerazumijevanja, manjka senzibiliziranosti za njihovu neurorazličitost te neprimjenjivanja IOOP-a. Dječaci vrlo jasno opisuju koje prilagodbe bi im olakšale iskustvo školovanja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja upozoravaju da su djeca s ADHD-om u posebnom psihosocijalnom riziku, dok je u smislu participativnih prava djece, njihova iskustva potrebno uvažiti kao ravnopravnih dionika obrazovnih politika. ; Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders observed in childhood, ADHD research in Croatia, especially studies involving children, are extremely rare. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to describe the personal everyday school life experiences of boys with ADHD who were studying in elementary schools. This study included a purposive sample of 14 boys with ADHD aged 8 to 11 years who attended mainstream elementary schools. Three semi-structured phenomenological interviews were conducted with each boy. Special attention was given to ensure that the methodological approach used in this study was child-centred, child-friendly, and child-safe. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data. Data collected on the school experiences of the boys with ADHD are presented via two themes: (1) challenges of schooling with ADHD, and (2) support at school: the importance of recognition, sensitivity, and relationships. This study demonstrates that boys with ADHD can recognize the challenges associated with their schooling and find it very difficult to take part in school activities that require directing and maintaining attention, organization, perseverance, flexible attention, and working memory. Consequently, the boys reported that they experience failure, frustration, and reduced self-confidence in their own abilities. Boys participating in this study were able to recognize the support received at school from their teachers and teaching assistants, as well as the obstacles that occurred due to misunderstandings, lack of sensitivity to their neurodiversity, and failure to apply the Individualised Education Program. The boys also provided clear descriptions of the adjustments necessary to make their school experience easier. The results of this study illustrate that children with ADHD face specific psycho-social risks, followed by recommendation that their experiences should be considered during the development of educational policies, given their participatory rights and their role as equal stakeholders.