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Dedication -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction: Understanding Riots -- The Endurance of the Irrationality Thesis of Crowd Behaviour -- Disorderly Criminals -- Depoliticising Collective Disorder -- Multivariate Explanations and the Political Significance of Riots -- 2: The Revised Flashpoints Model of Public Disorder -- The Rationality and Emotionality of Riots -- The Flashpoints Model of Public Disorder -- Related Theoretical Developments -- Introducing the Revised Flashpoints Model -- 3: 'France in Flames': The French Riots of 2005

This dissertation aims to apply David Waddington's Flashpoint Model to test the correlation of police response and protesters' law-breaking behavior. Generally, a flashpoint is an incident where trouble or violence might easily develop swiftly and unexpectedly. And where it may not be easy to control, or may even be uncontrollable. Waddington suggested that flashpoint describes a pre-existent situation of conflict in which a large-scale public disorder could be triggered by a trivial incident. Waddington's Flashpoint Model was developed in the 1980s to explain the occurrence of crowd disorder as a non-random phenomenon. In this thesis, we seek to understand Hong Kong protesters' law-breaking behavior, and argue that it too is not a random event. The underlying hypothesis is that particular policing actions will trigger protesters to break the law in order to relieve anger or dissatisfaction. Toward this goal, our research applies both qualitative and quantitative methods in the context of Waddington's flashpoint theory. According to David Waddington, to develop and evaluate a model of public disorder, there are altogether six levels of flashpoint, namely (i) structural level, (ii) political/ ideological level, (iii) cultural level, (iv) contextual level, (v) situational level and (vi) interactional level. Firstly, the structural level refers to the conflicts inherent in material and ideological differences between social groups and the extent to which they are resolvable within the existing social structure. Secondly, the political/ ideological level refers to the re1ationhip of the dissenting group to political and ideological institutions and their response to its activities. Thirdly, the cultural level refers to all the ways in which groups of people understand the social world and their place within it, their definitions of the rules which do or should govern behavior, and how they define themselves and other social groups. Fourth, the contextual level refers to long term and immediate sets of existing relations between those involved in the potentially disorderly situations, especially between the police and dissenting groups. Fifth, the situational level refers to the spatial and social determinants of an event or incident. Lastly, the interactional level refers to consideration of the dynamics of interaction between police and protesters (Waddington, Jones, & Critcher 1989). David Waddington (2007) suggested that the police plays a significant role in triggering public disorders by virtue of various police strategies, and are often perceived as having a repressive role. Accordingly, the police are perceived as trying to suppress demonstrations for political reasons, which, in turn, can further agitate protesters. However, Waddington's framework does not define which particular factors are most significant in enraging protesters. Having considered the current Hong Kong situation and existing protest circumstances, the two most relevant flashpoint levels are highlighted for further discussion. In this paper, we attempt to establish how situational level and interactional levels of Waddington's model serve to explain the correlation of police response and protesters' law-breaking behavior. ; published_or_final_version ; Criminology ; Master ; Master of Social Sciences

This book provides an understanding of the causes and management of public disorder. It seeks to describe and explain the processes by which the police interpret and respond to instances of public disorder, to account for variations in their strategies and tactics, and to identify the conditions in which police interventions (or inaction) may serve to enhance or reduce the potential for wider confrontation. It will be essential reading for anyone with an interest in policing, crowd behaviour and issues around public order and disorder.

The main objective of the present study was to characterize sex differences in the temporal discrimination and activity level of an animal model of attention deficit disorder (ADD) using a conjunctive 120-s variable interval 16-s differential reinforcement of low rate (VIDRL) schedule of reinforcement. The results showed that the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) male was generally hyperactive and that the SHR female was both hyperactive and had severe time discrimination problems. The latter caused relatively fewer reinforcers to be delivered. However, even when a reinforcer was delivered, the SHR female frequently failed to collect it. When the SHR females were in diestrus, their behavior became even less efficient. The present findings with the animal model seem to be in general agreement with the behavior of ADD children when a DRL schedule is used. Most of our results were explained as due to impulsiveness, which is more pronounced in the SHR female than in the male. In addition, the SHR female had attention problems. The present study further supports the usefulness of the SHR as animal model of ADD.

1. Introduction -- 2. Unfolding public disorder and globalization -- 3. Analyzing cases of public disorder -- 4. Public disorder as an alternative for change -- 5. The policing of public disorder -- 6. States and justice -- 7. Is global terrorism an extreme case of public disorder? -- 8. Conclusion.

Intro -- Patterns of Provocation -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. 'Blood May': The Case of Berlin 1929 -- Chapter 2. The Police and the ClichyMassacre, March 1937 -- Chapter 3. Sectarian Violence and Police Violence in Glasgow duringthe 1930s -- Chapter 4. The People's Police and the Miners of Saalfeld, August 1951 -- Chapter 5. New York's Night of Birmingham Horror -- Chapter 6. Policing Pit Closures,1984-1992 -- Chapter 7. The Role of the Police -- A Note on Further Reading -- Contributors -- Index.

AbstractThis article responds to a recent suggestion by Borch (2006) that sociologists might profitably reconsider the 'group mind' explanation, propagated by nineteenth‐century French academics like Tarde and Le Bon, which emphasises the inherent suggestibility, amorality, and destructiveness of crowds as mechanisms of accounting for collective violence. In alluding to the recent French riots of October–November 2005 as an illustrative example, the article rejects the group mind approach (along with a host of other lay explanations appearing in the wake of the disorders) in favour of a multivariate analysis, loosely based on the Flashpoints Model of Public Disorder. The purpose of this analysis is to demonstrate how even the most intensely destructive, spontaneous and emotional acts of collective violence are typically underpinned by a guiding and restraining rationality.

This resource describes more than 120 major flashpoints--current and potential conflicts from around the world. The work analyzes each situation, its issues, and present status, and includes specially commissioned maps and extensive bibliographies to aid understanding. Also includes 125 maps

3.2. The entrepreneur, master of time3.3. Market connections; 3.4. Competition revisited; 3.5. Between value creation and diversion; 3.6. Globalized entrepreneurship; 4. The Time of Finance; 4.1. Idealized financial markets; 4.2. A contrasted reality; 4.3. Capital and commitment; 4.4. Corporate value; 4.5. Influence of the funding structure; 4.6. The risk of financial decommitment; 5. The Return of Inequalities and Rents; 5.1. The false argument of technology; 5.2. A weakened growth potential; 5.3. The perverse effect of household debt; 5.4. Toward a rent-seekers economy

People with personality disorder who offend tend to be neglected by health services in most countries. In the UK, there has been renewed interest in the field since government initiatives in the end of the 1990s. Government proposals themselves are controversial, but there is growing recognition that it is unsafe, both for the general public and for the primary sufferer alike, if the neglect continues. Years of experience have combined to provide a highly practical reference work covering: ·Models of understanding of personality development and disorder ·Methods of assessment and treatme

<b><i>Background:</i></b> In France, most patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) have been treated by buprenorphine, prescribed by general practitioners (GP) in private practice since 1996. This has contributed to building a 'French model' facilitating access to treatment based on the involvement of GPs in buprenorphine prescription. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Our study aimed to assess whether the involvement of primary care in OUD management has changed lately. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Using data from the French National Health Insurance database, we conducted a yearly repeated cross-sectional study (2009–2015) and described proportion of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT)-prescribing GPs and OMT-dispensing community pharmacies (CP); and number of patients by GP or CP. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Whereas the number of buprenorphine-prescribing GPs in private practice remained quite stable (decrease of 3%), a substantial decrease in buprenorphine initial prescribers among private GPs was observed. In 2009, 10.3% of private GPs (6,297 from 61,301 French private GPs) prescribed buprenorphine for the initiation of a treatment, whereas they were 5.7% (<i>n</i> = 3,539 from 62,071 private GPs) in 2015 (43.8% decrease). GPs issuing initial prescriptions of buprenorphine tended to care for a higher number of patients treated by buprenorphine (14.6 ± 27.1 patients in 2009 to 16.0 ± 35.4 patients in 2015). The number of CPs dispensing buprenorphine remained quite stable (decrease of 2%), while there was a 7.5% decrease in the total number of French CPs across the study period. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results suggest that primary care providers seem less engaged in buprenorphine initiation in OUD patients, while CPs have not modified their involvement towards these patients.