Suchergebnisse

This dissertation aims to apply David Waddington's Flashpoint Model to test the correlation of police response and protesters' law-breaking behavior. Generally, a flashpoint is an incident where trouble or violence might easily develop swiftly and unexpectedly. And where it may not be easy to control, or may even be uncontrollable. Waddington suggested that flashpoint describes a pre-existent situation of conflict in which a large-scale public disorder could be triggered by a trivial incident. Waddington's Flashpoint Model was developed in the 1980s to explain the occurrence of crowd disorder as a non-random phenomenon. In this thesis, we seek to understand Hong Kong protesters' law-breaking behavior, and argue that it too is not a random event. The underlying hypothesis is that particular policing actions will trigger protesters to break the law in order to relieve anger or dissatisfaction. Toward this goal, our research applies both qualitative and quantitative methods in the context of Waddington's flashpoint theory. According to David Waddington, to develop and evaluate a model of public disorder, there are altogether six levels of flashpoint, namely (i) structural level, (ii) political/ ideological level, (iii) cultural level, (iv) contextual level, (v) situational level and (vi) interactional level. Firstly, the structural level refers to the conflicts inherent in material and ideological differences between social groups and the extent to which they are resolvable within the existing social structure. Secondly, the political/ ideological level refers to the re1ationhip of the dissenting group to political and ideological institutions and their response to its activities. Thirdly, the cultural level refers to all the ways in which groups of people understand the social world and their place within it, their definitions of the rules which do or should govern behavior, and how they define themselves and other social groups. Fourth, the contextual level refers to long term and immediate sets of existing relations between those involved in the potentially disorderly situations, especially between the police and dissenting groups. Fifth, the situational level refers to the spatial and social determinants of an event or incident. Lastly, the interactional level refers to consideration of the dynamics of interaction between police and protesters (Waddington, Jones, & Critcher 1989). David Waddington (2007) suggested that the police plays a significant role in triggering public disorders by virtue of various police strategies, and are often perceived as having a repressive role. Accordingly, the police are perceived as trying to suppress demonstrations for political reasons, which, in turn, can further agitate protesters. However, Waddington's framework does not define which particular factors are most significant in enraging protesters. Having considered the current Hong Kong situation and existing protest circumstances, the two most relevant flashpoint levels are highlighted for further discussion. In this paper, we attempt to establish how situational level and interactional levels of Waddington's model serve to explain the correlation of police response and protesters' law-breaking behavior. ; published_or_final_version ; Criminology ; Master ; Master of Social Sciences

Society has always been a factor that determines the way how public management evolves and adjust. We can appreciate this in history, checking how public management has had an evolution to be able to respond to the moments the society is facing. In stages of public management such as prebureaucratic, bureaucratic and post bureaucratic we can easily analyze how public management adjust itself to the moment the society was living, in order to embrace their needs and find efficient solutions to their problems. The last government of Colombia, expressed in his acceptance and possession speech, that they were bringing a new public management to the country one that would finally adjust to society needs called "Good Government". And here is when this document comes to life, it will try to identify if the "new" public management model establish by Colombia's last government is a new and fresh idea or just a gathering of other existent models in the world. Different factor will be analyzed to get the needed information to differentiate and determine the most important aspects of each model. For this we will take as a basis both of governments acceptance speech, for its two periods 2010-2014 and 2014-2018 and a comparison between all models will be done. ; A sociedade tem sido sempre um fator determinante na forma como a gestão publica evolui. Isto pode ser apreciado na história, ao ver como a gestão publica tem tido uma evolução para conseguir responder e dar uma solução às necessidades que a sociedade apresente. Nas fases da gestão publica tais como a pre-burocrática, burocrática e a post-burocrática é possível analisar como a gestão publica sempre se tem ajustado ela própria ao momento que a sociedade está a viver, para assim conseguir atingir e solucionar as suas necessidades e encontrar soluções eficientes para os seus problemas. O último governo Colombiano, no seu discurso de aceitação e posse, comprometeu-se a trazer consigo um novo modelo de gestão publica ao país, um modelo que finalmente ia ajustar-se às necessidades reais da sociedade colombiana, chamado "Bom Governo". É aqui que este trabalho nasce, tentaremos identificar este "novo" modelo de gestão publica que foi trazido à Colômbia pelo último governo, para assim determinar se na realidade é uma ideia inovadora ou se só termina por ser uma escolha de partes de outros modelos já estabelecidos. Vários fatores vão ser tomados em conta para poder obter a informação necessária e assim conseguir diferenciar os diferentes modelos e determinar os seus aspetos mais importantes. Para isto, se terá como base os dois discursos de aceitação do governo para os seus dois períodos 2010-2014 e 2014-2018.

OBJECTIVES: The Vietnam and Persian Gulf wars have awakened people to the realization that military service can be traumatizing for women as well as men. This study investigated the etiological roles of both war and sexual trauma in the development of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder among female Vietnam veterans. METHODS: Data from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study for 396 Vietnam theater women and 250 Vietnam era women were analyzed with structural equation modeling. RESULTS: An etiological model with highly satisfactory fit and parsimony was developed. Exposure to war trauma contributed to the probability of posttraumatic stress disorder in theater women, as did sexual trauma in both theater and era women. Lack of social support at the time of homecoming acted as a powerful mediator of trauma for both groups of women. CONCLUSIONS: Within the constraints and assumptions of causal modeling, there is evidence that both war trauma and sexual trauma are powerful contributors to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder among female Vietnam veterans.

The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the World Wide Web actively captures the entire global system of socio-economic and political relations. The number of network users is growing dynamically. The high-end population segments are youth and adolescents; nowadays they manifest both positive and negative trends in their development. One of such trends is the internet addiction disorder, which has been studied actively by the scientific community in recent years. However, the diagnostics of adolescent behavior in networks is studied insufficiently. Therefore, the authors set the task of developing a model that allows the detection of risks of the emergence and further growth of Internet addiction in adolescence. This is the indicator model, which includes a set of indicators (indexes) of a predominantly social nature. The paper also gives a brief overview of the methods of studying non-chemical dependencies and substantiates the approach to the formation of an indicator model for measuring the risks of the emergence of Internet addiction, developed by the Department of Sociology and Social Technologies of the Cherepovets State University. The paper presents the results of a sociological study conducted based on the developed model, which demonstrate the heuristic possibilities of the methodology. The materials of the paper are of significant interest to sociologists, psychologists, teachers and other professionals of humanitarian knowledge.

This work was partly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ref. PI14/02037), The Government of the Principality of Asturias (PCTI-2018-2022 IDI/2018/235), and Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) Lorena de la Fuente-Tomás received a Severo Ochoa grant (PA-17-PF-B16-179) supported by The Government of the Principality of Asturias.

This article addresses the educational issues associated with rare diseases (RD) and in particular the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs, or CLN diseases) in the curricula of Health Sciences and Professional's Training Programs. Our aim is to develop guidelines for improving scientific knowledge and practice in higher education and continuous learning programs. Rare diseases (RD) are collectively common in the general populationwith 1 in 17 people affected by a RDin their lifetime. Inherited defects in genes involved in metabolism are the commonest group of RD with over 8000 known inborn errors of metabolism. The majority of these diseases are neurodegenerative including the NCLs. Any professional training program on NCL must take into account the medical, social and economic burdens related to RDs. To address these challenges and find solutions to themit is necessary that individuals in the government and administrative authorities, academia, teaching hospitals and medical schools, the pharmaceutical industry, investment community and patient advocacy groups all work together to achieve these goals. The logistical issues of including RD lectures in university curricula and in continuing medical education should reflect its complex nature. To evaluate the state of education in the RD field, a summary should be periodically up dated in order to assess the progress achieved in each country that signed up to the international conventions addressing RD issues in society. It is anticipated that auditing current practice will lead to higher standards and provide a framework for those educators involved in establishing RD teaching programs world-wide. ; publishedVersion

It was expected that the increasing coverage of EU affairs in national public spheres would lead to a greater sense of European belonging. The Internet was expected to foster this process. However, these expectations do not square with the current political climate of identity politics and the revitalisation of nationalism. How can this incongruence between theory and reality be understood? An intervening variable has added an unpredictability to the mix: information disorder. It is our view that this theory needs revising to include other intervening variables such as social media and information disorder. In this article, we argue that the current dynamic of Europeanised political communication is likely to compromise the civic and vertical components of EU-identity.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) stands out as a major mental illness; however, little is known about effective policies for mitigating the problem. The importance and complexity of PTSD raise critical questions: What are the trends in the population of PTSD patients among military personnel and veterans in the postwar era? What policies can help mitigate PTSD? To address these questions, we developed a system dynamics simulation model of the population of military personnel and veterans affected by PTSD. The model includes both military personnel and veterans in a "system of systems." This is a novel aspect of our model, since many policies implemented at the military level will potentially influence (and may have side effects on) veterans and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The model is first validated by replicating the historical data on PTSD prevalence among military personnel and veterans from 2000 to 2014 (datasets from the Department of Defense, the Institute of Medicine, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and other sources). The model is then used for health policy analysis. Our results show that, in an optimistic scenario based on the status quo of deployment to intense/combat zones, estimated PTSD prevalence among veterans will be at least 10% during the next decade. The model postulates that during wars, resiliency-related policies are the most effective for decreasing PTSD. In a postwar period, current health policy interventions (e.g., screening and treatment) have marginal effects on mitigating the problem of PTSD, that is, the current screening and treatment policies must be revolutionized to have any noticeable effect. Furthermore, the simulation results show that it takes a long time, on the order of 40 years, to mitigate the psychiatric consequences of a war. Policy and financial implications of the findings are discussed. ; United States. Dept. of Defense. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs (W81XWH-12-0016)

A large number of factors have an impact on leadership effectiveness. One of the most commonly cited is the leadership potential of the leaders themselves. Leaders as individuals are defined in this manner by their inherited qualities and the personality-trait development they have either received or actually achieved themselves. Furthermore leadership (the conduct of leaders) is closely connected to leaders' motivation, values and work ethic, and the power and authority that leaders acquire or build. To determine the extent to which leadership effectiveness is related to personality-trait based leadership potential, the paper presents a proposed model of effective leadership in the public sector, which covers the formation of personal leadership potential and identifying leadership effectiveness. The paper presents a trial application of the model in Slovenia, which offers a realistic representation of leadership potential and leadership effectiveness, which are at a relatively low level due to past neglect of this field in Slovenian central government units.

Imagine that the neighborhood you are living in is covered with graffiti, litter, and unreturned shopping carts. Would this reality cause you to litter more, trespass, or even steal? A thesis known as the broken windows theory suggests that signs of disorderly and petty criminal behavior trigger more disorderly and petty criminal behavior, thus causing the behavior to spread. This may cause neighborhoods to decay and the quality of life of its inhabitants to deteriorate. For a city government, this may be a vital policy issue. But does disorder really spread in neighborhoods? So far there has not been strong empirical support, and it is not clear what constitutes disorder and what may make it spread. We generated hypotheses about the spread of disorder and tested them in six field experiments. We found that, when people observe that others violated a certain social norm or legitimate rule, they are more likely to violate other norms or rules, which causes disorder to spread.

This research aims to provide additional qualitative evidence of the logical relationship between governance innovation and public policy in public services in Indonesia with adopting the logic model. The logic model is often not adopting in the formulation of policies that resulted in the implementation of public sector innovation such as cannot show more significant results. Also this model is believed to contribute in planning and evaluation of government programs. Most of this article based on the literature study and direct observation. The study also refers to some cases were chosen deliberately and treated as evidence by using a descriptive qualitative approach for developing an argument and conceptual framework accordingly. This research resulted in some information. First, governance innovation will provide multi-benefits, not only for the government but will involve a range of other institutions. Second, public policy is treated as a formal legal basis to keep programs planning and evaluation. That way this article is expected to contribute to the knowledge development of logical relationships among governance innovation and public policy in the different local contexts Indonesia from countries which often becomes a reference in managing public service innovation.

Model public health laws (public health laws or private policies publicly recommended by at least 1 organization for adoption by government bodies or by specified private entities) are promoted as exemplary. We assessed the information sponsors of model public health laws provide on the methods used in developing their models and on their models' adoption and effectiveness.

Not everyone exposed to trauma suffers flashbacks, bad dreams, numbing, fear, anxiety, sleeplessness, hyper-vigilance, hyperarousal, or an inability to cope, but those who do may suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a major physical and mental health problem for military personnel and civilians exposed to trauma. There is still debate about the incidence and prevalence of PTSD especially among the military, but for those who are diagnosed, behavioral therapy and drug treatment strategies have proven to be less than effective. A number of these treatment strategies are based on rodent fear conditioning research and are capable of treating only some of the symptoms because the extinction of fear does not deal with the various forms of hyper-vigilance and hyperarousal experienced by people with PTSD. To help address this problem, we have developed a preclinical eyeblink classical conditioning model of PTSD in which conditioning and hyperarousal can both be extinguished. We review this model and discuss findings showing that unpaired stimulus presentations can be effective in reducing levels of conditioning and hyperarousal even when unconditioned stimulus intensity is reduced to the point where it is barely capable of eliciting a response. These procedures have direct implications for the treatment of PTSD and could be implemented in a virtual reality environment.

BACKGROUND: The burden of substance use disorders in sub-Saharan Africa has been projected to increase by an estimated 130% by 2050. Despite this, little is known about the substance use disorder treatment and prevention systems in the region. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to describe the public sector substance use disorder treatment and prevention systems in Kenya guided by the World Health Organization health systems framework model, with the aim of informing decision-making. METHODS: We reviewed official government documents obtained from hand-searching the websites of relevant governmental organizations including: Ministry of Health, National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Parliament of Kenya, Ministry of Treasury & National Planning, National Law Reporting Council, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, the National Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Coordination Board and the 47 County Governments. We augmented those searches with official documents that the authors were aware of by virtue of being practitioners in the field. Draft and retired documents were excluded. The findings of the search are presented as a narrative review. DISCUSSION: The Mental Health Act 1989, the main legislative framework governing substance use disorder treatment and prevention, focuses on institutional care only. While there are only three public health facilities offering substance use disorder treatment in Kenya, several non-public sector actors are involved in SUD treatment and prevention activities. Unfortunately, there is limited cross-sector collaboration. The Ministry of Health has no specific budget for substance use disorder treatment and prevention, while the National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse has an annual resource gap of about US$ 5,000,000. The substance use disorder workforce in Kenya has not been characterized. CONCLUSION: We propose five key strategies for strengthening substance use disorder treatment and prevention systems in Kenya ...

The decision oriented theory of the public firm (Feng, Friedrich 2013) becomes extended. The authors consider that sometimes public firms compete horizontally as well. This can be due to competition among the public owners (e.g. municipalities) considering location choices for public firms they own, or public firms competing against each other. We mention some results related to the first type of competition and we refer to how the literature on location choices under oligopolic conditions could be referred to within the framework of our basic approach. One approach by Cornes and Hartley (2001) also allows modelling the establishment of joint ventures and their location choices. The basic model of the public firm is used to provide insight into the location choices of a trust of public firms. The trust exhibits coordination at three levels via the politically-oriented decision-making body of the public owner, the trust's headquarters and subsidiary public firms. The resulting model illustrates the interplay of different decisionmakers and the effects of the coordinating activities. The first attempts to formulate a public firm decision-making oriented location theory exist.