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"At a time when global debates about the movement of people have never been more heated, this book provides readers with an accessible, student-friendly guide to the subject of forced migration. Readers of this book will learn who forced migrants are, where they are and why international protection is critical in a world of increasingly restrictive legislation and policy. The book outlines key definitions, ideas, concepts, points for discussion, theories and case studies of the various forms of forced migration. In addition to this technical grounding, the book also signposts further reading and provides handy Key Thinker boxes to summarise the work of the field's most influential researchers. Drawing on decades of experience both in the classroom and in the field, this book invites readers to question how labels and definitions are used in legal, policy and practice responses, and to engage in a richer understanding of the lives and realities of forced migrants on the ground. Perfect for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in courses related to migration and diaspora studies, Introducing Forced Migration will also be valuable to policy-makers, practitioners, journalists, volunteers and aid workers working with refugees, the internally displaced and those who have experienced trafficking"--

"At a time when global debates about the movement of people have never been more heated, this book provides readers with an accessible, student-friendly guide to the subject of forced migration. Readers of this book will learn who forced migrants are, where they are and why international protection is critical in a world of increasingly restrictive legislation and policy. The book outlines key definitions, ideas, concepts, points for discussion, theories and case studies of the various forms of forced migration. In addition to this technical grounding, the book also signposts further reading and provides handy Key Thinker boxes to summarise the work of the field's most influential researchers. Drawing on decades of experience both in the classroom and in the field, this book invites readers to question how labels and definitions are used in legal, policy and practice responses, and to engage in a richer understanding of the lives and realities of forced migrants on the ground. Perfect for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in courses related to migration and diaspora studies, Introducing Forced Migration will also be valuable to policy-makers, practitioners, journalists, volunteers and aid workers working with refugees, the internally displaced and those who have experienced trafficking"--

Cover -- Front Matter -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Understanding Mortality Patterns in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies -- APPENDIX: FIVE ILLUSTRATIONS OF UNCERTAINTY: MORTALITY IN AFGHANISTAN, BOSNIA, NORTH KOREA, RWANDA, AND SIERRA LEONE -- 2 The Evolution of Mortality Among Rwandan Refugees in Zaire Between 1994 and 1997 -- 3 Famine, Mortality, and Migration: A Study of North Korean Migrants in China -- 4 Methods of Determining Mortality in the Mass Displacement and Return of Emergency-Affected Populations in Kosovo, 1998-1999 -- 5 The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970-1979 -- 6 Reflections -- Index.

There is limited information on the number of forced migrants from Belarus. Key information can be found in the statistical publications of the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Belarusian office of this organization gives the following explanation: "countries are guided by the principle of confidentiality of information submitted by an applicant. Public bodies of the asylum country have no right to transfer or provide any personal information about an application to his/her state of citizenship" (Delovaya Gazeta, 2013). According to UNHCR, the total number of persons from Belarus applying for refugee status, asylum or complementary protection was 6839 in 2011 and 6194 in 2012 (UNHCR, 2012; UNHCR, 2013). European countries (the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland) and the USA were their countries of preference. Some estimates are available at the websites of Eurostat and US National Security Agency. According to the data for 1998-2007, 16255 citizens of Belarus sought asylum in EU member states (Eurostat Statistics). The main recipient countries were Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, France, the Czech Republic and Austria. The US National Security Agency also posts data on Belarusian refugees who arrived in the US territory. According to its estimates, there were 2844 of them 2003-2012 (Department of Homeland Security: 2012) ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Forced migration's harmful impact on the lives of non-human animals (henceforth, 'animals') tends to be grossly under-reported. While an examination of the lives of animals other than humans is worthwhile in itself, there are many anthropocentric reasons to consider the effects of forced migration on animals. The generally accepted categorisation of animals by their utility to humans -- as 'companion animal', livestock, wild animal, and so on -- shapes the way in which particular species are treated in a given culture and, therefore, an understanding of cultural attitudes towards animals is needed for an examination of the effects of forced migration on animals. Most of the animals that migrate with displaced peoples are considered as subsistence and/or work animals. Often carrying people or laden with the personal belongings of displaced people, these animals can develop injuries from the weight of and prolonged friction from their cargo. Adapted from the source document.

At a time when global debates about the movement of people have never been more heated, this book provides readers with an accessible, student-friendly guide to the subject of forced migration. Readers of this book will learn who forced migrants are, where they are and why international protection is critical in a world of increasingly restrictive legislation and policy. The book outlines key definitions, ideas, concepts, points for discussion, theories and case studies of the various forms of forced migration. In addition to this technical grounding, the book also signposts further reading and provides handy Key Thinker boxes to summarise the work of the field's most influential academics. Drawing on decades of experience both in the classroom and in the field, this book invites readers to question how labels and definitions are used in legal, policy and practice responses, and to engage in a richer understanding of the lives and realities of forced migrants on the ground. Perfect for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in courses related to migration and diaspora studies, Introducing Forced Migration will also be valuable to policy-makers, practitioners, journalists, volunteers and aid workers working with refugees, the internally displaced and those who have experienced trafficking.

Most Burmese people fleeing their homes do so for a combination of reasons. The root causes for leaving, however, determine which 'category' they belong to: 'internally displaced persons' (IDPs) or 'economic migrants'. There is some discussion as to whether people leaving their homes due to exhaustion of livelihoods options are IDPs according to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement -- or not. Ashley South and Andrew Bosson present their views below. By analogy, this debate can be extended to Burmese people in exile. Are Burmese people outside refugee camps 'economic migrants' or 'self-settled refugees'? The article 'Invisible in Thailand' (pp31-33) sheds more light on this. Adapted from the source document.

"Forced migration in the 21st century is closely linked to three global developments: climate change, rapid urbanization and the lack of solutions faced by millions of displaced people. The Handbook on Forced Migration brings a critical lens to the study of these issues. By adding the often overlooked disciplines of history and philosophy, this Handbook challenges narratives on forced migration, explains contemporary challenges, and provides a call for action. Each section of the Handbook presents diverse perspectives and a range of case studies on the interaction between forced migration and climate change, urbanization and solutions. The Introduction challenges different forced migration narratives, and the Conclusion makes new arguments for standards in forced migration research. A final chapter explores potential problems for forced migrants around digital technology, This fascinating Handbook will be an important read for human rights, humanitarian and development practitioners, and for urban studies and migration scholars and students. The research-centred approach will benefit academics and policymakers undertaking new investigations"--