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This study aims to determine the reaction of foreign ownership on the Indonesia Stock Exchange to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This study will examine the reaction of foreign ownership on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the periods 2007-2010 and 2012-2015. The variables used in this study are IFRS and foreign ownership. It finds that the obligation of IFRS does not affect the development of foreign investment in Indonesia, because accounting standards in Indonesia have been adjusted to IFRS since 2008 and investment decisions are not only influenced by standard accounting policies, but also by other factors, such as the economic and political conditions of a country. This study is motivated by the results of previous studies regarding the reaction of foreign ownership of IFRS adoption, which is still controversial. Some studies suggest that IFRS adoption increases information appeal and can attract foreign investment, while other research states that IFRS adoption will not necessarily increase the number of shares held by foreign investors.

This study aims to determine the reaction of foreign ownership on the Indonesia Stock Exchange to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This study will examine the reaction of foreign ownership on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the periods 2007-2010 and 2012-2015. The variables used in this study are IFRS and foreign ownership. It finds that the obligation of IFRS does not affect the development of foreign investment in Indonesia, because accounting standards in Indonesia have been adjusted to IFRS since 2008 and investment decisions are not only influenced by standard accounting policies, but also by other factors, such as the economic and political conditions of a country. This study is motivated by the results of previous studies regarding the reaction of foreign ownership of IFRS adoption, which is still controversial. Some studies suggest that IFRS adoption increases information appeal and can attract foreign investment, while other research states that IFRS adoption will not necessarily increase the number of shares held by foreign investors.

The frequent occurrence of conflicts of interest between shareholders and management, causing agency problems. One way to overcome this issue is to include managerial ownership (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of ownership structure on agency costs. The structure of ownership consists of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, government ownership,and foreign ownership. The population in this research is manufacturers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a sample of 102 companies taken by purposive sampling method. To test the hypothesis, the research uses multiple regression analysis with a significance level of 0.05. The results show that managerial ownership and institutional ownership have no significant effect on agency costs. Likewise, government ownership and foreign ownership also have no significant effect on agency costs.

The frequent occurrence of conflicts of interest between shareholders and management, causing agency problems. One way to overcome this issue is to include managerial ownership (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of ownership structure on agency costs. The structure of ownership consists of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, government ownership,and foreign ownership. The population in this research is manufacturers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a sample of 102 companies taken by purposive sampling method. To test the hypothesis, the research uses multiple regression analysis with a significance level of 0.05. The results show that managerial ownership and institutional ownership have no significant effect on agency costs. Likewise, government ownership and foreign ownership also have no significant effect on agency costs.

The presence of foreign firms in a region can create spillovers to other firms, both within the intra-industries (industries itself) and inter-industries (other industries). Spillover from foreign firms can be in the form of technology transfer, efficiency improvement, managerial knowledge which ultimately is expected to increase productivity for other firms not only in large enterprises but also for micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Hence, this paper aims to identify the potential backward spillover of foreign firms to MSMEs in East Java and the individual results show that the four highest backward spillovers values of foreign industries are industry of components and spare parts of the prime mover motor, industry of agricultural and forestry machinery and services for supporting, maintenance and repair, industry of pump and compressor and industry of measurement tools, manual regulator and testing. All of them are respectively located in Surabaya City, Pasuruan District, Pasuruan District and Mojekerto District. Furthermore, the general results show that the potential backward spillover exists in rubber, rubber goods and plastic goods industries as well as chemicals and goods from chemical material industries. The foreign firms which have highest backward spillovers are located in Pasuruan District, Mojekerto District, Sidoarjo District, Surabaya City and Gresik District. Therefore, the provincial government of East Java should immediately prepare and support both technically and financially to MSMEs in providing raw materials required by foreign firms based on the industrial classification and location results of this study. In addition, the provincial government of East Java can coordinate with the district governments in the areas of those foreign firms for preparing MSMEs in supplying raw materials.

This study investigates the potential horizontal and vertical spillovers from FDI towards firms' efficiency level on Indonesian manufacturing industries, using firm-level panel data. The result suggests that positive evidence of horizontal spillovers arise instantaneously, but the impacts of vertical spillovers appear a year later. These indicate that foreign competitors cause local firms more efficient in the same industry. Furthermore, after one period of time MNCs running their business in Indonesia, they bring positive impacts on downstream markets but deteriorate manufacturing industries in the upstream markets. Therefore, the Indonesian government must ensure that overall benefits from promoting FDI must overweight their negative impacts.

The study aims to investigate the impact of distance, exchange rate, population, and GDP on natural rubber export. This study utilized two approaches, namely a descriptive approach and a quantitative approach, and used the gravity model approach in the process because the research used distance as one of the reference variables. As a result, a high GDP indicated higher income, and high income would lead to an increase in disposable income. In conclusion, the government should try to keep the rupiah exchange rate stable or even to increase it to maintain the stability of the Indonesian natural rubber trade flow.

Realism has been the dominant conceptual approach to studying Indonesian foreign policy. This article, however, considers realist analyses to be insucient since their emphasis on the struggle for power and security in the system of states has led to the neglect of the importance of perspectives which focus on order. To ll the gap it then intends to apply the English School perspective which focuses on the concept of international society to trace the nature and function of Indonesian foreign policy. Two cases are examined, including the Asian African Conference and Association of South East Asian Nations, to demonstrate the relevance of international society for policy ideas and action. The central argument is that the Indonesian elite worldview indicates that the creation and maintenance of order in international societies are ones which are prominent objectives legitimizing the conduct of Indonesia's external relations.

This article aims to test competing explanations about the US foreign aid policy, namely interest-driven theory, humanitarian theory, and domestic political theory. Using longitudinal data on the amount of Official Development Assistance provided by the US to 155 recipient countries from 1960 to 2008, analyzed using random coefficient models, the research found that humanitarian and domestic political theories can account for the US foreign aid policy to the recipient countries for almost five decades better than the interest-driven theory. Generally, the US were more likely to send aid to poorer countries and/or countries where the US-based NGOs were actively involved. The econometric models also show that there are some cross-sectional and temporal variations in the aid. On average, countries receiving high amount of aid in the 1960s tend to have lower annual growth rate in the money they received from the US.

This paper looks at how Indonesia contributes to the creation of a relatively peaceful and stable Southeast Asian region after the Cold War. It examines Jakarta's diplomacy in the South China Sea, and explains its implications for the making of the regional order. The argument is that Indonesia's impact on regional security has been apparent in its attention to the improvement of rule-based interaction among states in the region. However, recent developments have demonstrated that Indonesia's initiatives, formulated in the Indo-Pacific Cooperation Concept, are unsuccessful due to the lack of support from other ASEAN states. This paper shows that great powers politics in the troubled waters has hindered the advancement of Indonesian's orderdriven policy.

The existing literature on Indonesia's foreign policy has excluded the state from the category of an agent which shapes the country's external affairs. This trend certainly ignores the notion that foreign policy is a unique state activity taking place in the interface between domestic and international politics. To fill the gap, this article explores the idea about the family state and looks at its influence on the conduct of Indonesia's international relations. The argument is that the family state pursues order in international society in which sovereignty can be maintained. Indonesia plays the role of an order-maker in Southeast Asia through the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The order-oriented actions are displayed by Jakarta's diplomacy to resolve border disputes with neighbouring countries in the region

One of the characteristics of Indonesian democracy is a mechanism in decision-making through a forum of discussion. The village, that stands as the lowest unit of the governance system, is also required to hold the meeting called Musyawarah Desa (village meeting). The meeting is organized following the standard and provisions in the Regulation of Minister of Village and Transmigration Affairs No. 2 of 2015 on the Procedures and Mechanism in Decision-Making in Village Meeting (Pedoman Tata Tertib dan Mekanis-me Pengambilan Keputusan Musyawarah Desa). This writing is based on the information on the capability of the village government in organizing the effective village meeting. The effectiveness of village meeting can be indicated by the elements of society that are involved in the meeting, the preparation of the meeting, procedures of organizing the village meeting and the mechanism of the meeting, which are all mentioned in the Regulation of Minister of Village and Transmigration Affairs No. 2 of 2015 on the Procedures and Mechanism in Decision-Making in Village Meeting. This research uses qualitative methods. The result shows that the village meeting has been organized effectively, in which all aspects required in the regulation has been followed. Despite being effective, six factors obstruct the process, which the village administration have to be solved to get more quality meeting.

The 2007 Indonesian investment law granted national treatment for foreign investors, establishing a transparent 'negative list' for out-of-bonds investment sectors, and has been considired as a reformative regulation in Indonesia's economic strategy. However, decentralized systems give autonomy to local governments to manage their projects and infrastructure themselves. This leads into increasiig investment burdens through their opaque measures that are creating perceptions of risk for foreign investors. As a result, lack of legal certainty, inconsistent regulations and judiciary system would hamter investments. This article argues that law 25/2007 should be supported by a comprehensive investment policy to attract more foreign investors into Indonesia. A key element in establishing a competitive region is a free and open investment regime, This article addresses policy impediment to private investment in Indonesia as well as in the ASEAN region. Indonesia and ASEAN should have non-discriminatory treatment extended to foreign investors including ASEAN-based inveitors, as the establishment of ASEAN Economic community (AEC) will cornmence in 2015. Legal certainty of international business transaction by private investors is fostering investments by both direct investment and indirect investment (portfolio). Parties to investment agreements include individuals, small, medium and large multinational corporations, and countries. In this centralized global atmosphere, the Indonesian agovemment has to provide guarantees to leverage private investments.

Petroleum as a raw material in the production process of goods and services is a vital factor in supporting production activities in Indonesia. However, many variables that affect the oil change both the value and volume. This study aims to determine the effect of Foreign Exchange Reserves, Total Vehicle and Fuel Subsidy on Petroleum Imports value. The data used in this research is a secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and the Indonesian National Police. Based on the results of the simultaneous study of foreign exchange reserves variable number of vehicles and fuel subsidies have a significant effect on oil imports which described the period 2001-2010. Partially negative impact of foreign exchange reserves / no significant effect on oil imports while the number of vehicles and fuel subsidy partially positive and significant impact on petroleum imports 2001-2010 period. Factors that affect the dominant variable is imported petroleum fuel subsidies.