Suchergebnisse

В статье рассмотрены различные виды пошлин, их эволюция, приводится классификация пошлин и соотношение понятий «пошлина» и «сбор», особое внимание уделено пошлинам, применяемым в практике государственного регулирования внешнеторговой деятельности. В статье дается характеристика так называемых сложных пошлин, сочетающих в себе одновременно налоговые и пошлинные черты, подчеркивается особое значение таможенных пошлин в механизме регулирования внешней торговли с позиции их фискальных и регулятивных функций. Показаны различия в правовой природе таможенных пошлин и особых пошлин (антидемпинговых, компенсационных, специальных), которые используются для защиты экономических интересов российских производителей товаров в связи с возросшим импортом, демпинговым импортом или субсидируемым импортом на таможенную территорию. При рассмотрении правовых основ взимания таможенных пошлин в Российской Федерации анализируются источники таможенного законодательства, специфика и порядок их применения, с учетом решений наднационального регулятора– Евразийской экономической комиссии. Автором резюмируется, что различия в правовой природе таможенных и особых пошлин, нормативно-правовой базе, а также процедурах их установления и применения позволяют утверждать о существовании двух различающихся правовых режимах государственного регулирования внешней торговли, соответствующих таможенно-тарифному и нетарифному методам торговой политики. ; The article is focused on the issue of duties, their types, evolution, classification and correlation between the notions of duty and charge. Special attention is given to the duties used in the practice of state regulation of the foreign trade. The author characterizes the so-called complex duties which combine tax and duty marks and emphasizes the particular significance of the customs duties in the mechanism of the foreign trade regulation from the position of their fiscal and regulatory functions. The differences in the legal nature of the customs duties and antidumping, compensatory, special ones, used to protect economic interests of the Russian manufacturers in the conditions of import, dumping import or subsidized import increase are also considered by the author. When viewing the legal basics of the customs duties collecting in the Russian Federation, the author analyzes the sources of the customs legislation, their specific character and the order of their application taking account of Euroasian Economic Commission decisions. The author summarizes that the differences in the legal nature of the customs and special duties, normative legal base, the procedures of their imposing and collecting prove the existence of two different legal regimes of the foreign trade state regulation, which conform to the customs-tariff and nontariff methods of the trade policy.

Part, Part I: The Theory of Foreign Direct Investment: The Law of FDI -- chapter 1 Introduction -- chapter 2 FDI Theories and the Role of the State -- chapter 3 The Current Regulatory Framework for FDI -- chapter 4 Methodology -- part, Part II: Strategies for a Global Investment Agreement: The Key Players -- chapter 5 The OECD Countries and the OECD Agenda -- chapter 6 Developing Countries -- chapter 7 Consumer, Labour, Environmental and Business Groups -- chapter 8 International Organisations -- part, Part III: Evaluation: Towards Regulated Openness -- chapter 9 Evaluation of the Strategies -- chapter 10 Regulated Openness -- chapter 11 Conclusion.

Governing economic globalisation : global legal pluralism and EU law / Francis Snyder -- The constitution of the global market / Miguel Poiares Maduro -- North American economic integration : implications for the WTO, the EU and Asia / Frederick M. Abbott -- Establishing the rules of the game : domestic structures and unfair trade instruments / Candido Garcia Molyneux -- Indian foreign policy on the threshold of the twenty-first century / Rajendra K. Jain -- Courts and regional integration / Mary L. Volcansek -- China's economic development and the WTO membership issue : stakes and strategies /Franc̦ois Gipouloux -- The WTO as the legal foundation of international commercial relations : current status and options for the next decade / Richard Blackhurst -- Global and regional regulatory changes of foreign direct investment : challenges and opportunities for the ASEAN in the wake of recent turmoil / Suthiphand Chirathivat -- The compatibility of the Chinese anti-dumping regulations with the WTO anti-dumping agreement / Zeng Lingliang and Han Zhen -- China's trade policy and its implications / Huang Weiping -- Regionalism, open regionalism and article XXIV GATT : conflicts and harmony / Sung-Hoon Park -- Economic law reform dealing with the Asian financial turmoil / Zhang Yuejiao.

Multilevel trade governance in the WTO requires multilevel constitutionalism /Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann --Democratic legitimacy of transnational trade governance : a view from political theory /Patricia Nanz --Dispute settlement under GATT and WTO : an empirical enquiry into a regime change /Achim Helmedach and Bernhard Zangl --The appellate body's "response" to the tensions and interdependencies between transnational trade governance and social regulation /Christiane Gerstetter --Why co-operate? civil society participation at the WTO /Jens Steffek and Claudia Kissling --Participatory transnational governance /Rainer Nickel --Non-traditional patterns of global regulation : is the WTO "missing the boat"? /Joost Pauwelyn --Conflicts and comity in transnational governance : private international law as mechanism and metaphor for transnational social regulation through plural legal regimes /Robert Wai --Fixing the codex? global food-safety governance under review /Thorsten Hüller and Matthias Leonhard Maier --Precautionary principle in support of practical reason : an argument against formalistic interpretations of the precautionary principle /Alexia Herwig --Beyond the science/democracy dichotomy : the World Trade Organization sanitary and phytosanitary agreement and administrative constitutionalism /Elizabeth Fischer --Administrative globalism and curbing the excess of state /Damian Ch almers --New device for creating international legal normativity : the WTO technical barriers to trade agreement and "international standards" /Robert Howe --Empire's drains : sources of legal recognition of private standardisation under the TBT agreement /Harm Schepel --Global environmental governance and the WTO : emerging rules through evolving practice : the CBD-Bonn guidelines /Christine Godt --Environmental policies and the WTO Committee on Trade and Environment : a record of failure? /Ulrike Ehling --Facing the global hydra : ecological transformation at the global financial frontier : the ambitious case of the global reporting initiative /Oren Perez --Constitutionalism in postnational constellations : contrasting social regulation in the EU and in the WTO /Christian Joerges.

What does justice demand in international trade regulation? And how far does World Trade Organization (WTO) law respond to those demands? Whether our focus is developing countries, struggling industries, or environmental protection, distributive conflict is a pervasive feature of international economic law. Despite this, we lack an adequate theory of distributive justice for this domain. Drawing on philosophical approaches to global justice, this book advances a novel theory of justice in trade regulation, and applies this to explain and critique the law of the WTO. Integrating theoretical and doctrinal approaches, it demonstrates the potential for political theory to illuminate and inform the progressive development of WTO law, including rules on border measures, discrimination, trade remedies and domestic regulation. Written from an interdisciplinary perspective, accessible to lawyers, philosophers and political scientists, the book will appeal both to theorists interested in building bridges from theory to practice, and practitioners seeking new perspectives on existing problems.

Philippines : taxes on distilled spirits: like products and market definition / with Damien Neven -- Brazil : measures affecting imports of retreaded tyres : a balancing act / with Chad Bown -- Continued suspense : EC hormones and WTO disciplines on discrimination and domestic regulation / with Bernard Hoekman -- Embedding mutual recognition at the wto -- Incomplete harmonization contracts in international economic law : report of the panel, China : measures affecting the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights, wt/ds362/r, adopted 20 March 2009 / with Kamal Saggi -- Canada : wheat : discrimination, non-commercial considerations, and the right to regulate through state trading enterprises / with Bernard Hoekman -- Regulatory jurisdiction and the WTO -- The world trading system, the international legal system and multilevel choice -- Incorporating development among diverse members -- Doing justice : the economics and politics of international distributive justice -- The WTO and development policy in China and India -- Legal aspects of a poverty agenda at the WTO : trade law and "global apartheid" -- The WTO cathedral -- Jurisdiction in WTO dispute settlement -- Negotiations on domestic regulation and trade in services in the Doha development agenda -- Toward open recognition : standardization and regional integration under article XXIV of GATT

Domestic regulation of services sectors has a significant impact on services trade liberalization, which is why General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) disciplines are negotiated in the WTO. With the help of analyses and case-studies from academics, regulators and trade experts, this book explores the scope and limits of WTO legal principles to promote domestic regulatory reform. Case-studies discuss country-specific challenges and experiences of regulating important service sectors, such as finance, telecommunications, distribution, legal, education, health, postal and logistics services, as well as the role of regulatory impact assessments. The findings will interest trade officials, policy-makers, regulators, think tanks and businesses concerned with the implications of domestic regulation on access to services markets, and with the opportunities for formulating trade disciplines in this area. It is also a useful resource for academics and students researching regulatory approaches and practices in services sectors