Suchergebnisse

Describes the Commonwealth of Independent States, created in Dec. 1991 by Russia and former Soviet republics; problems and prospects. Difficulties in institutional development and formation of common foreign and security policies.

Even before the victory in 1945, the "Great Patriotic War" gave a new dimension to the architectural practice in the USSR: hitherto for interior use, it became an exportable article. Reconstructions of cities such as Stalingrad, Kiev and Minsk served as models proposed to the capitals of countries now under the orbit of the USSR. In 1944, Aleksei Shchusev was sent with Karo Alabian and Arkady Mordvinov in Bulgaria to intervene on the reorganization of Sofia. Mordvinov was again in 1949 the Soviet voice in the Bucharest "Casa Scânteii" competition - which resulted in a Romanian variant of the Moscow Lomonosov University formal principles. Similarly, Aleksandr Vlassov was sent to Berlin to examine the plans of the German team in charge of the Stalin-Allee. Similar missions were entrusted to Lev Roudnev and Viatcheslav Oltarjevski in Riga in 1951, while Rudnev realized the Warsaw Palace of Culture. These Russian architects had a significant influence during the Stalin Era, reorienting and deeply transforming the projects of their colleagues in the Eastern Bloc republics. In fact, their intervention was less that of a big brother than that of a paternalist godfather who put back in trails the lost sons...

Since 1990, the Organization for Security & Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) is presided over on an annual basis. In 2010, for the first time, it is an ex-Soviet Union nation, Kazakhstan, which has been appointed to this presidency. How should this outcome be interpreted, & is this presidency likely to bring innovation or breathe new life into an organization that seems to have lost the drive it showed in the 1990s?

Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques (URSS). Assesses prospects for closer economic, political, and military relations between former Soviet republics; view that Russian influence is expanding. Summaries in English p. 427-8 and Spanish p. 444.

Speaking of Polish films of 1980-1981, it is contended that their conformism did not make them false in some details, nor did it make them the authors of some lies; rather it made them false on all the details. Each word they said caused us chagrin. This is what emerges from In 2009 across Europe showing commemorations of the democratization of the former Soviet republics of Central & Eastern Europe & the fall of communist regimes. Adapted from the source document.

Examines struggles in the democratization & modernization of Moldova that have been in development since the end of the 1980s. The national liberation of this region has allowed for a territorial competition between Latin & Russian orthodoxies, the church of the former lending itself as a fundamental cause in the entire national project throughout Romania, the latter seeking to regain the hegemony it once held in former Soviet republics. With these denominational conflicts entering onto the political stage in a seemingly inextricable way, their clash jeopardizes not merely the religious identity of the redeveloping region, but moreover the prevailing national identity & all of the socioeconomic stakes that come with it. Addressing these issues entails, for Moldovians, a choice between identification with Western European ideals or appeal to the remnants of a Soviet past. 14 References. C. Brunski

After several decades in Moscow's shadow, it's not easy for a small country, very dependent on trade with other former Soviet republics, to spread its economic wings. This is nonetheless the challenge Armenia has had to face since its independence in 1991. After a difficult period during which it had to deal with the legacy of the Soviet era. Armenia established a stabilization plan in 1994. A period of budgetary rigor followed ambitious structural & institutional reforms, which enabled the country to successfully transition to a market economy at the beginning of the new millennium. Up until 2008, Armenia's growth rate was impressive, & essentially focused on construction & services. A slowdown in early 2008 led the government to launch a new reform project aiming to improve tax collection. But since then, the economic climate has considerably weakened, & Armenia will no doubt soon be feeling the effects of the global crisis. Adapted from the source document.