In two separate judgments of December 20, 1974, the majority of the International Court of Justice3 held that the objectives of both Australia and New Zealand in ending French nuclear testing in the South Pacific had been accomplished by virtue of various public announcements made on behalf of the French government that, following the conclusion of the 1974 series of tests, France would revdrt to underground testing. Since the objectives of both applicants had been accomplished, and consequently the issues had been resolved, the Court was of the view that it was no longer called upon to give a decision thereon.
In two separate judgments of December 20, 1974, the majority of the International Court of Justice3 held that the objectives of both Australia and New Zealand in ending French nuclear testing in the South Pacific had been accomplished by virtue of various public announcements made on behalf of the French government that, following the conclusion of the 1974 series of tests, France would revdrt to underground testing. Since the objectives of both applicants had been accomplished, and consequently the issues had been resolved, the Court was of the view that it was no longer called upon to give a decision thereon.
In two separate judgments of December 20, 1974, the majority of the International Court of Justice3 held that the objectives of both Australia and New Zealand in ending French nuclear testing in the South Pacific had been accomplished by virtue of various public announcements made on behalf of the French government that, following the conclusion of the 1974 series of tests, France would revdrt to underground testing. Since the objectives of both applicants had been accomplished, and consequently the issues had been resolved, the Court was of the view that it was no longer called upon to give a decision thereon.
In two separate judgments of December 20, 1974, the majority of the International Court of Justice3 held that the objectives of both Australia and New Zealand in ending French nuclear testing in the South Pacific had been accomplished by virtue of various public announcements made on behalf of the French government that, following the conclusion of the 1974 series of tests, France would revdrt to underground testing. Since the objectives of both applicants had been accomplished, and consequently the issues had been resolved, the Court was of the view that it was no longer called upon to give a decision thereon.
In two separate judgments of December 20, 1974, the majority of the International Court of Justice3 held that the objectives of both Australia and New Zealand in ending French nuclear testing in the South Pacific had been accomplished by virtue of various public announcements made on behalf of the French government that, following the conclusion of the 1974 series of tests, France would revdrt to underground testing. Since the objectives of both applicants had been accomplished, and consequently the issues had been resolved, the Court was of the view that it was no longer called upon to give a decision thereon.
Variante(s) de titre : Compte rendu présenté à Monsieur le Président de la République au nom du conseil général de la Banque de France ; Etat de collection : 1974-1992 ; Avec mode texte
Includes separately paged section: June 1778-Nov. 1789, Journal politique de Bruxelles; Dec. 1789-Dec. 1791, Mercure historique et politique de Bruxelles (varies slightly). ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Reprint. Originally published: Paris : Chez Guillaume Cavelier, 1724-
In the late nineteen-fifties and earl y nineteen-sixties, France, under the leadership of President Charles de Gaulle, aligned its foreign and domestic policies to allow itself to become an independent world power. Many of these policies, although potentially beneficial to the French objectives had direct, specific effects upon other countries. Although it is most difficult to analyze and dissect each and every decision or the French government, there were some decisions which were particularly relevant in regard to the total international situation. In this category would be the French decision in the mid-sixties to establish a course or military self-determination and to withdraw from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization military alliance. Initial reaction to this decision would affect policy decisions concerning the military capability of the NATO alliance with the geographical, tactical. and personnel void created by such a French decision. Further investigation is necessary; however, to comprehend how such a unilateral decision could affect regional and international politics. Such was the case with the French decision to withdraw from NATO. World events, most specifically the Berlin Crisis and the Cuban missile crisis, had made the world governments acutely aware of the possibilities of nuclear confrontation. With the imminent nuclear capability of France, Communist China, India, and other nations of the world it was becoming apparent to the major nations of the world that some type of agreement was necessary to halt the possible, if not probable, proliferation of nuclear weapons. Speculation and discussion regarding an agreement to ban the spread of nuclear information had been a real possibility from the time of the initial Moscow treaty banning nuclear testing. As world events made such an agreement seem more inevitable, the French took their action regarding military affiliation with the NATO alliance. This action raised several situations which could develop into specific problems. Who would take France's place on the European continent; would nuclear weapons be necessary to fill the void left by France? Would the Soviet Union use this action to test the military and political strength of the NATO alliance? To this point there is no known work which deals with the effects of the French withdrawal from the NATO alliance and any subsequent effect that had upon the successful negotiation of a nuclear non-proliferation treaty. In this regard, we shall see how the French action led t o deviations in the normal U.S. NAT0 policies and subsequently how t he French action threatened the Non-proliferation Treaty1 negotiations.
Several notices emphasize how E.E. is taught in different schools or institutions. The philosophy, the programme, and the content in sorne specialized French schools (architecture , country planning, agriculture, political science, etc.) are described as well as recycling courses (such as UNESCO post-university courses . ).
This article is the first in a series designed to give an overview of this variety of resettlement policies and experiences around the world. ; Cet article est le premier d'une série conçue pour donner un aperçu de cette variété de politiques et d'expériences de réinstallation à travers le monde.
James A. Beckford ed. Number on Jehovah Le Jehovah's Witnesses has seen a significant expansion in the mining basin of northern France, where he recruited mainly Polish emigrant workers but also French workers to a lesser extent. The author tries to trace the history of the expansion of this religion. It examines the causes of this unique development in France. These are linked to the social conditions of this population: cultural and social change, unmet hopes, lack of political role, crisis of conscience towards the Catholic Church. They may refer to a more general assumption that the Jéhoviste Movement would have been a home for the Polish emigrated travalers. Recruits of French origin partly shared the destiny of Polish workers. Individual particularities must also be taken into account. ; International audience The Watchtower movement saw considerable expansion in Northern of France, especially in the mining basin where it recruited Polish emigrant workers, but also French workers in lesser proportions. The author attempts to retrace the history of the spread of the movement in this region and examine the causes of its unique development in France. These causes could be linked to the social conditions of this population : social and cultural change, unsatisfied expectations, absence of political power, a cris of confidence in the Catholic Church. They could also be subsumed under a more global hypothesis according to wich the Watch Tower movement would have constituted a substitute homeland for the emigrant Polish workers. As for the Franch Jehovah's Witnesses, it was seen that they partially shared the Polish workers'fate, and individual particularities had to be taken into account. ; James A. Beckford ed. Number on Jehovah Le Jehovah's Witnesses has seen a significant expansion in the mining basin of northern France, where he recruited mainly Polish emigrant workers but also French workers to a lesser extent. The author tries to trace the history of the expansion of this religion. It examines the causes ...
International audience ; In this econometric and simulation studies we try to verify the relation between military expenditures and other macroeconomic variables such as GDP, inflation or unemployment. There are some limitations of these methods, such as some circumstantial link between some variables, the quality of quantitative indexes and measures and the problem of multicollinearity. We try to solve these limitations in order to understand the reality of these relations given by our econometric equations and results. ; Dans cette étude économétrique et de simulation, nous essayons de vérifier la relation entre les dépenses militaires et d'autres variables macroéconomiques telles que le PIB, l'inflation ou le chômage. Ces méthodes présentent certaines limites, comme le lien circonstanciel entre certaines variables, la qualité des indices et mesures quantitatives et le problème de la multicollinéarité. Nous essayons de résoudre ces limitations afin de comprendre la réalité de ces relations données par nos équations économétriques et nos résultats.
International audience ; In this econometric and simulation studies we try to verify the relation between military expenditures and other macroeconomic variables such as GDP, inflation or unemployment. There are some limitations of these methods, such as some circumstantial link between some variables, the quality of quantitative indexes and measures and the problem of multicollinearity. We try to solve these limitations in order to understand the reality of these relations given by our econometric equations and results. ; Dans cette étude économétrique et de simulation, nous essayons de vérifier la relation entre les dépenses militaires et d'autres variables macroéconomiques telles que le PIB, l'inflation ou le chômage. Ces méthodes présentent certaines limites, comme le lien circonstanciel entre certaines variables, la qualité des indices et mesures quantitatives et le problème de la multicollinéarité. Nous essayons de résoudre ces limitations afin de comprendre la réalité de ces relations données par nos équations économétriques et nos résultats.
International audience ; In this econometric and simulation studies we try to verify the relation between military expenditures and other macroeconomic variables such as GDP, inflation or unemployment. There are some limitations of these methods, such as some circumstantial link between some variables, the quality of quantitative indexes and measures and the problem of multicollinearity. We try to solve these limitations in order to understand the reality of these relations given by our econometric equations and results. ; Dans cette étude économétrique et de simulation, nous essayons de vérifier la relation entre les dépenses militaires et d'autres variables macroéconomiques telles que le PIB, l'inflation ou le chômage. Ces méthodes présentent certaines limites, comme le lien circonstanciel entre certaines variables, la qualité des indices et mesures quantitatives et le problème de la multicollinéarité. Nous essayons de résoudre ces limitations afin de comprendre la réalité de ces relations données par nos équations économétriques et nos résultats.
