Suchergebnisse

Compares the relationship between female education & first union formation in France vs in Sweden. As in Sweden, levels of female educational attainment & employment in France have risen dramatically in recent years, while entry into marriage has been increasingly delayed, according to national statistics. Unlike Sweden, though, educational level in France is found to have a strong effect on nonstudents' choice between marriage & cohabitation. It is concluded that the patterns of historical development of gender differ between France & Sweden, although there are still many similarities. 7 Tables, 2 Figures, 25 References. M. Wagner

Press data from Le Monde on environmental protest are drawn on to explore the rise & fall of green protest in 1990s France. Demonstrated is the pervasive structural weakness of the French environmental movement, seen as a function of political & economic factors. Electoral results of green parties are then compared to the pattern of environmental protest to shed further light on this structural weakness. Analysis of the groups involved reveals a double process of fragmentation & institutionalization that undermined mobilization. The morphology of the environmental movement is considered to assess the former, while institutionalization involved the co-opting of associations by local & regional authorities for establishing projects with no concomitant discretionary power. In addition, the widespread acceptance of environmentalism has also contributed to the movement's decline. 6 Tables, 3 Figures. J. Zendejas

Press data from Le Monde on environmental protest are drawn on to explore the rise & fall of green protest in 1990s France. Demonstrated is the pervasive structural weakness of the French environmental movement, seen as a function of political & economic factors. Electoral results of green parties are then compared to the pattern of environmental protest to shed further light on this structural weakness. Analysis of the groups involved reveals a double process of fragmentation & institutionalization that undermined mobilization. The morphology of the environmental movement is considered to assess the former, while institutionalization involved the co-opting of associations by local & regional authorities for establishing projects with no concomitant discretionary power. In addition, the widespread acceptance of environmentalism has also contributed to the movement's decline. 6 Tables, 3 Figures. J. Zendejas

This study of the education system of France is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The study begins with the historical and socio-cultural background of the French educational system which is followed by the description of the organizational and administrative context of the current education system. The next step is the functioning of the current education system, beginning with a structural overview and followed by an analysis of the different levels of the education system, including, as a separate chapter, post-secondary and tertiary education. The country study ends with an analysis of current problems and discussions, and opens perspectives for further development. A diagram illustrating the structural scheme of the French educational system is part of this article. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

In the last two years comprehensive legislative reforms have been passed in France which aim to change the territorial architecture of the Republic to ensure increased transparency and efficiency in public administration in the long term. The reforms focus on the metropolises, the merging of regions and the reorganisation of the powers of the various levels of regional bodies. Cross-border cooperation on the Upper Rhine and in the Greater Region is affected but not called into question by the reforms.

Explores why French territorial institutions were able to bring about peaceful integration in Brittany but Corsica became the scene of a violent confrontation. The nature of center-periphery relations in postrevolutionary France is described, along with differences in the degree of governmental attention given to the regions of Brittany & Corsica. It is contended that differences in regional society & politics account for why the state's limited economic intervention was successful in Brittany but the greater economic investment in Corsica aggravated social tensions. United local elites in Brittany worked through unitary institutions to achieve economic development but local elites in Corsica were not only divided but included those who based their power on patron-clientism which increased the costs of accommodation & provided incentives for nationalist counter-elites to use violence to challenge both corruption in Corsica & the legitimacy of French rule. It is concluded that the institutions of territorial control available to the French state are not equipped to deal with a hostile & internally divided society. 29 References. J. Lindroth

Considers the role of voluntary associations in connecting citizens & the political system, arguing that their relevance in generating attitudinal dimensions of social capital is overstated. At issue is why participating in such organizations should impact political trust. Official statistics & survey data gathered in France are drawn on to discuss the relationship between association membership & various trust indicators at the aggregate & individual levels. Focus is on the level of participation in French voluntary associations & the link between such participation, trust, & civicness. Findings indicate that participation & trust do not evolve jointly or in the same way. Social capital, ie, political & generalized trust, is also found to be declining while active membership in voluntary associations is on the rise. Further, voluntary associations are not more civic but are more politicized. Attention turns to the nature of political trust, subjecting the consistency of public opinion as determined via computer-assisted telephone interviews to the "Coleman" experiment, finding that people seem less inclined to trust an investigation run by the government. It is concluded that members of associations are not automatically trusting of the political system, although voluntary associations do intermediate between public & private. 5 Tables, 1 Figure, 55 References. J. Zendejas

Considers the role of voluntary associations in connecting citizens & the political system, arguing that their relevance in generating attitudinal dimensions of social capital is overstated. At issue is why participating in such organizations should impact political trust. Official statistics & survey data gathered in France are drawn on to discuss the relationship between association membership & various trust indicators at the aggregate & individual levels. Focus is on the level of participation in French voluntary associations & the link between such participation, trust, & civicness. Findings indicate that participation & trust do not evolve jointly or in the same way. Social capital, ie, political & generalized trust, is also found to be declining while active membership in voluntary associations is on the rise. Further, voluntary associations are not more civic but are more politicized. Attention turns to the nature of political trust, subjecting the consistency of public opinion as determined via computer-assisted telephone interviews to the "Coleman" experiment, finding that people seem less inclined to trust an investigation run by the government. It is concluded that members of associations are not automatically trusting of the political system, although voluntary associations do intermediate between public & private. 5 Tables, 1 Figure, 55 References. J. Zendejas