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"A memo that changed the course of history" -- From "free labor" to "free enterprise" -- Free enterprise versus the New Deal order -- A "beautiful but much-abused phrase" -- "The party of free enterprise" -- "Faith in free enterprise" -- "Free enterprise needs restatement to suit our modern needs" -- From public spending to "entitlements."

An incisive look at the intellectual and cultural history of free enterprise and its influence on American politics Throughout the twentieth century, "free enterprise" has been a contested keyword in American politics, and the cornerstone of a conservative philosophy that seeks to limit government involvement into economic matters. Lawrence B. Glickman shows how the idea first gained traction in American discourse and was championed by opponents of the New Deal. Those politicians, believing free enterprise to be a fundamental American value, held it up as an antidote to a liberalism that they maintained would lead toward totalitarian statism. Tracing the use of the concept of free enterprise, Glickman shows how it has both constrained and transformed political dialogue. He presents a fascinating look into the complex history, and marketing, of an idea that forms the linchpin of the contemporary opposition to government regulation, taxation, and programs such as Medicare

In the US and elsewhere, antitrust laws protect consumers from businesses forming monopolies and punish anti-competitive practices. Mark D. White writes that antitrust laws have the aim of maximizing people's economic well-being, which implies that businesses exist to improve society's welfare, rather than to benefit their owners. He argues that antitrust laws are not compatible … Continued

In the wake of the Enron and WorldCom accounting scandals, Congress created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB") under the aegis of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), with President Bush's support. Its purpose was to replace deficient accounting industry self-regulation with effective external regulation. The choices it made in doing so engendered passionate arguments about constitutionally necessary presidential authority and separation of powers. These divided the D.C. Circuit 2-1 and will be rehearsed before the Supreme Court in the coming weeks. President Bush's administration defended those choices; Judge Rogers, writing for the majority, found no valid constitutional objection to them (albeit not without some difficulty). On the other side, petitioners the Free Enterprise Fund and Judge Kavanaugh in dissent marshaled strong arguments that, if accepted in their entirety, would put the constitutionality of a wide range of government institutions in shadow. Starting with the constitutional text, and seeming almost to regard the cases as a nuisance to an intermediate court judge, Judge Kavanaugh's opinion is an open invitation to the originalists on the Court. The grant of certiorari, after extensive filings venturing far more deeply into the merits of the case than, in the writer's experience, is generally supposed to happen, suggests that the newly reconstituted Court could well prove sympathetic.

The present paper demonstrates that there was a sea change of opinion amongst Catholic theologians, in general, and Jesuits in particular, on the issues of private property, economic regulation of the economy and free enterprise. The earlier members of this Order, stemming from the School of Salamanca in the 16th century at the time of the founding of the Society of Jesus, in the main favored economic freedom; their modern successors, with some minor exceptions, take the opposite point of view. Several hypotheses to account for this phenomenon are then raised and discussed.

Herald of Free Enterprise set sail on a routine voyage to Dover in March 1987, carrying hundreds of passengers, including British army personnel, day-trippers and drivers. Minutes after leaving Zeebrugge, the ferry began to capsize. Terrified passengers were separated from loved ones in a seething mass of humanity, in freezing cold water, fighting for their lives. This is the minute-by-minute account of people who lived through the disaster, from the event to the rescue, reunion and repatriation. The Belgian people are also remembered for the care they gave to the bewildered survivors. Includi

In the twenty-first century, Britain faces new challenges from disruptive technology, an ever more competitive world and an ageing population. Structured around a radical manifesto for free enterprise, A Time for Choosing offers a significant contribution to the public debate about the future direction of Britain's government.

This article presents personal reflections on a vision to move the Blacks in America from a state of despair to one of prosperity. It is a bold attempt to present the experience of 50 years of activism, teaching, and writing on the subject. I have a clear vision of how the community, local government, and the university can join forces in a social and economic development project that would help poor Blacks form and own "tenant Organizations" and make them "Stockholders," through carefully planned and executed cooperation. It is a real game changer in the lives of the American Blacks since the days of Black Wall Street.

The history of Texas and Houston is directly related to the rise of modern capitalism. Through a historiographic observation, in this paper we examine the emergence and consolidation of the city of Houston and how it has captured the intervention of private capital in a voracious land appropriation scheme and speculative real estate industry. This development is founded over a deep-rooted ideology that permeates Houston and Texas, considering land as a commodity and a culture of privatism. We review the rationale and protagonists of the relevant historic phases of urban development that have fed the cultural symbolic dimension of the "free enterprise city" and "city of the future." And, demonstrate the fallacy of the laissez-faire ideology predicated by the business elite while lobbying for government funds to extend Houston's urban territory, build infrastructure, and invest in expensive industrial facilities which mainly benefit the elite.