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"Planning and forecasting techniques in Canada": p. [54]-73. ; Includes Bibliographical footnotes. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Memorandum from future Supreme Court Justice Lewis F. Powell to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. This document came to be widely known as the Powell Memorandum. It is seen by many as an influential document in various conservative and pro-corporate political movements.

Summary of the discussion regarding the benefits of free enterprise administered by Dr. Kenneth McFarland at the Pepperdine College Freedom Forum. Clipping taken from The Herald Express (Los Angeles, California). ; x1959

Free enterprise is the indispensable prerequisite for personal freedom, which I dare believe is still highly valued by most people. Hence, it is also the only economic system which is compatible with the democratic governments of Europe and America. However, the vitality of free enterprise is being threatened by government interventionism on both sides of the Atlantic. In Europe, this manifests itself in taxation, nationalization, restrictive policies, subsidization, labor laws, and the growth of the public sector. In America, we find much of the same, excepting nationalization. In order to restore vigor to the weakened private sector, we must return to traditional economic liberalism, while fostering free trade between the United States and Europe.

In the wake of the Enron and WorldCom accounting scandals, Congress created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB") under the aegis of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), with President Bush's support. Its purpose was to replace deficient accounting industry self-regulation with effective external regulation. The choices it made in doing so engendered passionate arguments about constitutionally necessary presidential authority and separation of powers. These divided the D.C. Circuit 2-1 and will be rehearsed before the Supreme Court in the coming weeks. President Bush's administration defended those choices; Judge Rogers, writing for the majority, found no valid constitutional objection to them (albeit not without some difficulty). On the other side, petitioners the Free Enterprise Fund and Judge Kavanaugh in dissent marshaled strong arguments that, if accepted in their entirety, would put the constitutionality of a wide range of government institutions in shadow. Starting with the constitutional text, and seeming almost to regard the cases as a nuisance to an intermediate court judge, Judge Kavanaugh's opinion is an open invitation to the originalists on the Court. The grant of certiorari, after extensive filings venturing far more deeply into the merits of the case than, in the writer's experience, is generally supposed to happen, suggests that the newly reconstituted Court could well prove sympathetic.

4 p., ill., Vol. 9, No. 1, Fall 1991; Educational Tour of the (Former) Soviet Union: An Eye Opening Experience;

4 p., ill., Vol. 7, No. 2, Winter 1990, EC 92: Start of a United States of Europe?; Primer of EC Government; Letters to the Editor; TV Coverage Publicizes a Book; Economic Policy Series; ABC's of Federal Reserve Money Creation;

4 p., ill., Vol. 5, No. 1, Fall 1987; The Real Meaning and Significance of the Great Seal of the United States; The Right Stuff; Letters to the Editor; 'The Bottom Line' replaces Esping Center Newsletter; New Directions; Bellevue College's New Entrepreneurial Leadership Center to be Dedicated October 29;

4 p., ill., Vol. 10, No. 2, Spring-Summer 1993, Politicized Health Care: Wrong Diagnosis and Wrong Prescription; Letters to the Editor; If Medicare Ran Baseball;

4 p., ill., Vol. 12, No. 4, Fall 1996; Minimum Wage Laws Violate the 'Invisible Hand' and the U. S. Constitution; The Truth About Supply-Side Tax Cuts in the 1980's; Letters to the Editor; Meeting the Challenges: Planning for Change; Spotlight on BU Entrepreneurs; Constitution Day and Free Enterprise Day;

4 p., ill., Vol. 11, No. 4, Fall 1995; What is the Sum of Good Government?; Letters to the Editor; Freedom Shrine Unveiled; Bellevue BRUIN Baseball Team Wins the NAIA National Championship; ELC Established Advisory Board; Fall ELC Events : Constitution Day and Free Enterprise Day

This article presents personal reflections on a vision to move the Blacks in America from a state of despair to one of prosperity. It is a bold attempt to present the experience of 50 years of activism, teaching, and writing on the subject. I have a clear vision of how the community, local government, and the university can join forces in a social and economic development project that would help poor Blacks form and own "tenant Organizations" and make them "Stockholders," through carefully planned and executed cooperation. It is a real game changer in the lives of the American Blacks since the days of Black Wall Street.

This paper is the keynote speech delivered by Professor William Baumol at the First World Congress of Environmental Economists that was held in Venice on June 25-27, 1998. It analyses the situation of the environment under different economic regimes: the feudal society, Marxism and capitalism. After a brief description of the environmental situation in medieval England, in the Soviet Nations, in Eastern Europe, in China and in capitalist countries, the author concludes that each economic regime is worse than the other in terms of its environmental performance. There is, however, a message of hope in the long run for the environment. This hope lies in the abundance and growth, such as the world has never known, produced by the market economy. As abundance increases, as people cease being hungry, cease going around naked, cease having no houses, they begin to think about the environment. This has allowed concern about the environment to become a powerful political issue. Environmentalists will have to take advantage of this opportunity remembering, however, that the battle has just begun.

The Utah legislature passed Senate Bill 203 in 1975, requiring all public secondary schools to offer instruction on the essentials and benefits of free enterprise. The problem is that no evaluation has been made to determine if the specific requirement is being fulfilled. The purpose of this study is to determine interpretations and implementations of Senate Bill 203. Questions in four areas were studied. 1. Administrators: (a) how did administrators of the districts interpret the guidelines, (b) how did the administrators decide upon the approach followed, (c) how did the administrators justify the approach followed, (d) what instructional materials did the administrators decide to use to fulfill the bill requirements, and (e) what are the attitudes of the school systems' administrators about nonfunding of instruction on the free enterprise system. 2. Courses: (a) what courses are being taught, (b) do the courses contain content in the seven areas described as essential by the National Task Force, (c) what are the materials being used or being sought for use in conjunction with the materials prescribed by the state superintendent of public instruction, and (d) what teaching methods are being used for instruction of free enterprise. 3. Instructors: (a) what are the qualifications of the instructors teaching the classes in free enterprise and (b) what are the instructors' backgrounds in economic education. 4. Comparative responses: (a) does the stated use of materials by instructors compare with the stated use of materials by administrators and (b) how do instructors' academic and economic education backgrounds relate to conditions in the courses taught. The survey covered the entire state of Utah and an overall 92 percent return was achieved. Conclusions drawn from findings are as follows. The administrators generally interpreted the guidelines to mean that economic principles should be injected into current courses. Over half of the administrators interpreted the guidelines to mean implementation by fall, 1977. Another quarter of the number of administrators indicated that the instructional requirement was to be implemented immediately. The approach to be followed for determining the fulfillment of the requirement will basically be organized by instructors. An almost equal number of programs will be organized under a cooperative effort of local school personnel. The approach being followed was justified largely by curriculum directors, school boards, or a combination of other local school administrators. Concerning the use of state prescribed materials, the majority of the administrators believed that the materials could be used for references but few indicated that the materials must be used to structure the free enterprise instruction. The lack of interest was indicated as a reason for more classes in economic education not being offered, for little workshop participation by instructors, and for lack of curriculum development. It was indicated that present economic education programs are not sufficient, and that adequate programs are not possible without additional funding. There are few classes being taught in Utah entirely devoted to free enterprise. When the principles are integrated into classes, those classes are social studies, business education and other vocational education classes. The content specified by the National Task Force is generally indicated a third of the time to be taught very little or not at all. Half of the state's economic education instructors are teaching those concepts some of the time. Very few instructors completely cover the concepts. Texts used in economics classes are of a wide variety. The main materials in teaching free enterprise concepts are textbooks. Methods of instruction are mostly lecture and large group instruction. Most instructors of free enterprise education have social studies or business education undergraduate majors. Few graduate degrees have been earned. A low number of instructors have taken economics classes. Also, few have participated in workshop or in-service training. The biggest reasons were lack of funding and lack of time. Over half of the instructors have been teaching for over 10 years and over half belong to the social studies department. Instructors with more in-service or workshop training are more likely to teach an economics class and cover the concepts indicated by the Task Force more thoroughly. Instructors with strong basic economics were also more likely to cover the Task's Force concepts more completely.

The history of Texas and Houston is directly related to the rise of modern capitalism. Through a historiographic observation, in this paper we examine the emergence and consolidation of the city of Houston and how it has captured the intervention of private capital in a voracious land appropriation scheme and speculative real estate industry. This development is founded over a deep-rooted ideology that permeates Houston and Texas, considering land as a commodity and a culture of privatism. We review the rationale and protagonists of the relevant historic phases of urban development that have fed the cultural symbolic dimension of the "free enterprise city" and "city of the future." And, demonstrate the fallacy of the laissez-faire ideology predicated by the business elite while lobbying for government funds to extend Houston's urban territory, build infrastructure, and invest in expensive industrial facilities which mainly benefit the elite.